Jade ware with fish and dragon in Western Zhou Dynasty
The Fish-dragon Jade Artifacts of the Western Zhou Dynasty had unique characteristics. In terms of decorative patterns, the dragon-shaped jade pendant was mostly carved with single and double negative lines to form the outline of the dragon. The dragon body was mainly made of scale patterns, heavy ring patterns, and cloud patterns. The dragon patterns turned from concrete to abstract. In terms of usage, the dragon-shaped jade ware developed from the totem worship of the Neoliths, the worship of ghosts and gods in the Shang Dynasty, to the ceremonial utensils of the Western Zhou hierarchy and the decorative jade of the gentleman's virtue. Finally, it became the symbol of the power, status, identity and wealth of the noble class. There was a fishtail dragon-shaped jade pendant that was unearthed. It was made of green jade and ice blue. It was 5.8 centimeters long. The front half was a dragon head with a round hole on the head. The back half was a fish-shaped tail. The front of the dragon body was carved with variant dragon patterns by Yin lines, and the back was decorated with line patterns. It had the common characteristics of fish and dragons. The jade processing techniques of the Western Zhou Dynasty had their typical characteristics. For example, the processing of the human-dragon jade was done by grasping the fine stone tools with bare hands. Later, it was not carefully polished, leaving traces of hair. Since there were no weights, it was still processed by bare hands, showing a satin luster. Read more exciting novels for free
The ritual jade ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty
The Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the enfeoffment system and the patriarch system, and the hierarchy was strict. This had a great impact on the jade system of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The ritual jade of the Western Zhou Dynasty had clear rules on the use of grades. Gui was an important ritual vessel in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was flat and rectangular, with an equinoceros triangle at the top. It was well-made and generally had no decorative patterns. Cong was shaped as a square pillar of different heights. The central hole was larger, and the corners were straight and strong. Most of the surfaces were smooth and without patterns. Very few were carved with bird patterns or other patterns on the four surfaces of the square body. In the early days, there were many plain jade, with irregular edges and cutting marks and damages. The surface of the jade was thick inside and thin outside, with deep straight cuts, and the middle hole was single-sided drilled. In the later period, there were dragon patterns, phoenix patterns, cloud patterns and other decorations carved by negative lines on the surface of the jade. Huang was in the shape of a half-wall or a fan, with holes on both ends. In addition to the plain ones, there were usually dragon patterns and phoenix patterns carved with shallow Yin lines, and there were also those directly shaped like animals, which were more vivid and unique. These jades played an important role in the etiquette system of the Western Zhou Dynasty. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Western Zhou jade ware Kui pattern
The decorative patterns of Western Zhou jade ware were often expressed by concise and strong line carvings, and the Kui pattern of Yin line or double hook Yin line was its representative pattern. Kui, according to ancient legends, was a strange animal that had one foot like a dragon. The Kui pattern on jade was first seen in the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, and the Kui pattern occupied an important position in the jade carving craftsmanship from the Shang, Zhou and even today. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Kui pattern could appear on jade objects such as the Kui pattern handle jade knife. The Kui pattern handle jade knife was light white in color, flat and long, thin blade and thick back, sharp tip, Kui shaped handle, and a round hole on the upper end of the tail. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Dragon Jade Pendant of Western Zhou Dynasty
Jade ware of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the State of Wu
Western Zhou Dynasty jade, ancient jade
Jade articles of the Western Zhou Dynasty were an important part of the development of ancient jade articles in China. There were many types of jade in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The following were some of the common types: - ** Jade Bi **: In the early days, there were many plain jade pieces. The edges were irregular and there were cutting marks and damages. The surface was thick inside and thin outside. There was a deep straight line cut, and the middle hole was single-sided. In the later period, there were decorative patterns such as dragon patterns, phoenix patterns, and cloud patterns carved by negative lines. The lines were softer and smoother than those of the Shang Dynasty, and the composition was more rigorous. - ** Jade Cong **: Most of the shapes are square pillars of different heights. The round hole in the center is larger, and the corners are straight and strong. Most of the surfaces are smooth without patterns. Very few of them are carved with bird patterns or other decorations on the four surfaces of the square body. - Gui: It was an important ritual vessel of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was flat and rectangular, with an equinocratic triangle at the top. It was well-made and generally had no decorative patterns. - ** Huang **: Half-wall or fan-shaped, with holes on both ends. Other than the light element ones, the dragon patterns and phoenix patterns were usually carved with light dark lines. The lines were smooth and there were also some that were directly in the shape of animals, which was more vivid and unique. - ** Ge **: Most of them inherited the shape and characteristics of the Shang Dynasty Ge. There are also small and exquisitely made small jade Ge ornaments. Some are decorated with phoenix and divine beast (human) patterns. The design is ingenious and the shape is unique, increasing the sacred and noble atmosphere. - ** Handle-shaped ware **: flat body, different shapes and sizes, most of them are the same as the handle-shaped ware of the Shang Dynasty, a few of them have bird patterns and cloud patterns on the surface, and the end is inlaid with decorative objects made of turquoise and jade strips, which may have ceremonial or symbolic significance. - ** Jue **: Oblate round, shaped like a ring or a piece of jade but with a gap. It is a popular earring. Most of them are light and have no patterns. A few of them have phoenix patterns or dragon patterns carved by Yin lines. The lines are smooth and the craftsmanship is exquisite. - ** God, Man, and Beast Face Ornaments **: A flat embossed shape. The face is engraved with the style of the Shang Dynasty. The word "minister" is written on it. It has a cloud head and a nose. It wears a flat hat. There are curly horn-shaped ornaments on both sides of the head. The back is flat and smooth. There are holes under the neck. It may be inlaid jewelry. - ** Dragon **: Its shape is basically similar to the dragon of the Shang Dynasty. There are many pieces. The decorative lines have become smooth and smooth from the square folding of the Shang Dynasty. In the later period, the dragon body is thin and long. The carving of the horns is not obvious and even becomes cloud-shaped ears. The word "minister" is gradually replaced by round eyes. - ** Bird **: flat cuboid, mostly with circles as eyes, short horns on the top of the head, wide mouth with protruding tips at the upper and lower ends, wide drooping tail, less complex geometric patterns of the Shang Dynasty on the body, with a small number of Yin lines to represent the wings and long tail, two claws lying down, a round hole in the chest. - ** owl **: It glides with flat wings. Its beak is curved at the chest and has a hole. It has round eyes and a dense herringbone line on its forehead. The double hook lines on its back are engraved with the pattern of clouds and thunder. The line on the short tail is more dense. There is a special structure under the abdomen. It may still be a god worshipped in the Western Zhou Dynasty. - ** Ox **: Standing posture, four short limbs with simple hoofs, round body, smooth without any patterns, drooping tail, head ratio slightly smaller than the Shang Dynasty, has a certain realistic meaning. - ** Tiger **: There are many flat plates. The shape is the same as that of the Shang Dynasty. It is lying down. The tiger head is flat or drooping. The cloud-shaped ears are raised upwards. The mouth is open and the teeth are exposed. The tail is upturned or curled. The early decoration is similar to that of the Shang Dynasty. In the later period, only a single Yin line is used to represent the outline of the limbs. - [Deer]: There are models such as turning back, looking forward, lying down, standing, etc. They are generally in the shape of a sheet. They are light and have no patterns. They only have a simple outline, but their antlers are exquisitely carved. - Fish: Inherited the shape of the late Shang Dynasty, flat, or straight or slightly curved in a semicircle, the circle is the eye, the mouth is wide and pointed at both ends, there is a short shadow line carved on the back fin and the lower abdomen dividing fin, the tail part is a small fork, the fish body is light or decorated with curved scale patterns, the shadow line is carved shallow and thin, the mouth is often pierced. These Western Zhou jades had a unique artistic style in terms of craftsmanship, shape, and decoration, reflecting the culture, etiquette, and aesthetic concepts of the time. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Western Han Dynasty's persimmon stem jade ware
In the Western Han Dynasty, there were persimmon patterns on the jade ware. For example, the persimmon pattern jade box unearthed from the No. 1 Han Tomb of Beishantou in Chaohu City (the tomb of Liu An's mother, King Huainan of the Western Han Dynasty) was white jade with yellow-brown stains. It was 4.2 cm high, 11.1 cm in diameter, and 0.4 cm in thickness. It had a straight wall and a flat bottom. The shape of the lid was exactly the same as the body. The mouth of the vessel is inlaid with a copper buckle, so that the mouth is in the shape of a mother and son mouth. The center of the cover is decorated with persimmon pattern, and the side of the cover is decorated with hook cloud pattern. The tomb of Marquis Haiying also unearthed a jade sword head with persimmon pattern. The pattern of persimmon calyx was often found on the head of the jade sword in the Han Dynasty. This pattern was similar to the bottom of the persimmon, usually with four or five petals. It was actually a kind of "square pattern" and had a certain cultural meaning, such as symbolizing the firmness of the family, the aristocratic tribe, the country, the prosperity of the population, the inheritance of auspicious signs, etc. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Jade ware of Hongshan in western Liaoning
The jade culture of the Hongshan culture was the embodiment of the collective wisdom of the ancestors of the Hongshan culture. It was reflected in the privilege of the primitive tribal leaders to respect jade. Hongshan jade was the original code of the hieroglyph of the Chinese civilization, which was the systematic primitive hieroglyph. Its shape, use position, and arrangement created the basic hieroglyph original code of the hieroglyph. It interacted with the writing elements in the prehistoric culture of China, and finally created Chinese hieroglyph such as oracle bone inscriptions, gold inscriptions, and stone inscriptions during the Xia and Shang Dynasties. The Shang royal family was the descendant of the Hongshan culture. The types of burial jade found in the Niuheliang site group include nephrite (Xiuyan jade) and jadeite (Siberian jade). Jade articles of the Hongshan culture had their own characteristics. For example, although they were hard and could be made into labor tools such as jade sickles and combat weapons such as jade knives and jade axes, they could also be eroded by soil, bitten by insects, and fossilized in acidic soil. The animal type of Hongshan jade ware had insect bite marks in the shape of a semi-circular curve with some spirals. Calcification was caused by the serious oxidization of the ancient jade, which might be related to the buried soil. Natural weathering was a change in both the inside and outside, which was different from artificial forgery. During the Hongshan culture period, the production of jade seemed to follow the principle of using local materials to make jade. It was based on the shape of the material itself to decide what was suitable for making, rather than randomly making it. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Jade ware of Tubo Dynasty
During the Tubo Dynasty, the tributes from the Xizang region and the rewards from the central government (such as the central government of the Yuan Dynasty) included a large number of jade. In the Yuan Dynasty Xizang was closely connected with the central government. Among the gifts were Buddha statues, porcelain, silk and a large number of jade articles. In the Yuan Dynasty, the concept of "gold is valuable and jade is priceless" prevailed. Jade culture was highly respected and recognized by all aspects of society. The jade making institutions and jade grinding workshops in the inner court were unprecedentedly large, and the official jade craftsmanship industry was particularly developed. However, due to the short history of the Yuan Dynasty and the early integration of Tibet into China, the political relationship between the central government of the Yuan Dynasty and Xizang was far more prominent than the economic and cultural relationship. The number of jade articles collected by the Tibetan museum of the Xizang region was limited and the shape of the articles was single. However, it could be seen that the interaction between the Tubo Dynasty and the Central Dynasty involved exchanges related to jade. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
In the jade ware of the Han Dynasty
Please clarify the question. For example," What are the characteristics of the decorative patterns on the jade articles of the Han Dynasty?" Or," What is the origin of the jade materials in the jade ware of the Han Dynasty?" Wait, so that I can answer accurately. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
China Jade Artifacts of the Western Zhou Dynasty
There were many kinds of jade articles in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they had unique artistic features. In terms of styling: - In the early days, there were many plain jade pieces. The edges were irregular and there were cutting marks and damages. The surface of the jade was thick inside and thin outside. The middle hole was single-sided. In the later period, there were decorative patterns such as dragon patterns, phoenix patterns, cloud patterns, etc., which were carved with negative lines. The lines were softer and smoother than those of the Shang Dynasty, and the composition was more rigorous. - Most of the congs were square pillars of different heights. The round hole in the center was larger, and the corners were straight and strong. Most of the surfaces were smooth and without patterns. Very few of them were carved with bird patterns or other patterns on the four surfaces of the square body. - The Gui was flat and rectangular, with an equinoceros triangle at the top. It was well-made and generally had no decorative patterns. - Huang was in the shape of a half-wall or a fan, with holes on both ends. In addition to the light plain ones, dragon patterns and phoenix patterns were carved with shallow Yin lines, and there were also animal-shaped ones, which were more vivid and unique. - Most dagger-axes inherited the shape and characteristics of the Shang Dynasty. There were small and exquisitely made small jade dagger-axes, as well as jade dagger-axes decorated with phoenix and divine beast (human) patterns. - Most of the handles were flat, with different shapes and sizes. Most of them were the same as those of the Shang Dynasty. A few of them had patterns such as bird patterns and cloud patterns on the surface, and the ends might be inlaid with turquoise and jade strips. - Jue is an oblate object, like a ring or a piece of jade, but with a gap. It is a popular earring. Most of them are plain and have no patterns. A few of them have phoenix patterns and dragon patterns carved by Yin lines. - The face of the god, man and beast was decorated in flat embossed. The face had the style of the Shang Dynasty. The word minister, cloud head and nose, flat crown and hat on the head, curly horn-shaped decoration on both sides of the head, flat and smooth back, tenons and holes under the neck, probably inlaid jewelry. - There were many dragon-shaped objects, and the lines of decoration became smooth and smooth from the square folding of the Shang Dynasty. In the later period, the dragon body was long and thin, and the carving of the horns was not obvious and even became cloud-shaped ears. The word "minister" was gradually replaced by round eyes. - Birds were mostly flat cuboids, with circles as eyes, short horns on the top of their heads, wide beaks with protruding tips on the upper and lower ends, wide drooping tails, and a few Yin lines on their bodies to represent wings and long tails. - The owl glided with flat wings. Its hooked beak was curved at the chest and had a hole. It had round eyes and a short herringbone line between its forehead. Its back was engraved with a cloud and thunder pattern. The short tail was fine and there were holes and pits under its abdomen. - The cow was standing, with short limbs and simple hoofs. Its body was round and smooth without any patterns, its tail drooped, and its head was slightly smaller than that of the Shang Dynasty. - Tigers were mostly flat and flat, lying down, with their heads looking flat or drooping, cloud-shaped ears protruding upward, mouths showing teeth, tails upturned or curled, and simple decorations in the later stage, only a single Yin line was used to represent the outline of the limbs. - The deer was shaped like a sheet and had many shapes. It was light and had no patterns. There were only a few outlines, but the antlers were exquisitely carved. - The fish's body is flat, either straight or slightly curved in a semicircle, the circle is the eye, the mouth is wide and pointed at both ends, there is a short shadow line carved with the back fin and the lower abdomen dividing fin, the tail part is small fork, the fish body is smooth or decorated with curved scales. In terms of craftsmanship, the Yin lines were exquisitely carved and the lines were smooth. In terms of decorative patterns, dragon patterns, phoenix patterns, cloud patterns, etc. were commonly seen. The decorative patterns on different jade articles had their own characteristics, reflecting the unique artistic style and production level of the jade articles of the Western Zhou Dynasty. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>