reverse 1999 circuit puzzle

The following are a few types of circuits to prevent reverse power supply: 1. ** Diode-proof reverse connection circuit **: A single circuit is connected in series to the power supply input end. By using the one-way conductivity of the circuit, it can conduct in the forward direction and cut off in the reverse direction. When the power supply was reversed, the LED would not conduct, thus avoiding reverse power supply. However, during normal operation, a voltage drop of 0.7V will occur on the LED, which is not suitable for circuits with strict requirements on the supply voltage. 2. ** Fuse + Parallel Diode **: The principle is also based on the one-way conductivity of the Diode. When the power supply is connected normally, the LED does not work, and the current flows into the circuit through the fuse. After the power supply is connected in reverse, the LED is instantly turned on, causing the positive and negative poles of the power supply to be short-circuited. The short-circuit current generated by the short-circuit fuses the fuse, achieving the effect of reverse connection protection. However, the fuse selection must be compatible with the circuit characteristics. 3. ** Full-bridge Rectifiers Anti-reverse Connection Circuit **: No matter what the input power is, the output is always fixed, so it can work regardless of the positive and negative connection circuit. However, when it works, the full-bridge rectify will produce a voltage drop of about 1.5V. 4. ** Low internal resistance of the anti-reverse connection circuit of the upheaval protector **: When the power supply is normally connected, the upheaval protector is turned on. After the power supply is reversed, the upheaval protector is turned off to achieve reverse connection protection. Due to factors such as the improvement of the process technology, the internal resistance of the semiconductor was extremely small, and the impact on the voltage drop and power consumption of the circuit was minimal. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The following is a basic method to draw a positive and negative ladder diagram and circuit diagram: ** 1. Confirm control requirements and I/O allocation ** 1. ** Clear control requirements ** - Usually, the forward and reverse control required the motor to rotate forward, reverse, and stop through buttons, and it had to be interlocked with forward and reverse (to prevent short circuits caused by forward and reverse rotation at the same time). It might also require thermal relay for overload protection and other functions. 2. **I/O allocation confirmed ** - ** Inputs **: For example, the start button for forward rotation, the start button for reverse rotation, the stop button, and the overload protection signal of the thermal relay are all used as input signals. These input signals should be distributed to the corresponding input terminal of the PC. For example, in the case of the Mitsui PC, it may be X000, X001, etc., and in the case of the siemen PC, it may be I0.0, I0.1, etc. - ** Outputs **: Forward Contactor Coils and Reverse Contactor Coils are used as the output devices. They should be connected to the corresponding output terminal of the PC, such as Y000 and Y001 of the Mitsubishi-based PC, Q0.0 and Q0.1 of the SIEMEN-based PC, etc. ** 2. Draw the circuit diagram (Take the three-phase induction motor as an example)** 1. ** Main circuit part ** - The three-phase power supply was connected to the fuse (for short-circuit protection) and then connected to the main contact of the contactors. For forward rotation, when the main contact of the forward rotation contactors (KM1) is closed, the three-phase power supply is connected to the motor according to the normal phase sequence, and the motor is rotated forward. For reversal, when the main contact of the reversal contactors (KM2) is closed, the phase sequence of two phases of the three-phase power supply is reversed and then connected to the motor, and the motor is reversed. At the same time, the thermal relay (FT) should be connected to the circuit to detect the current of the motor and automatically cut off the circuit when overloaded. 2. ** Control Circuit ** - ** Forward control circuit **: Lead out from one end of the power supply, first connect the stop button (normally closed), then connect the forward start button (normally open) and the auxiliary normally open contact (for self-locking) of the forward rotating contactors (KM1) in series, then connect the auxiliary normally closed contact (for interlocked) of the reversing contactors (KM2) in series, and finally connect to the coil of the forward rotating contactors (KM1). The other end of the coil returns to the other end of the power supply. - ** Reverse control circuit **: It is also led out from one end of the power supply. First, connect the stop button (normally closed), then connect the reverse start button (normally open) and the auxiliary normally open contact of the reversing contactors (KM2) in series (for self-locking), then connect the auxiliary normally closed contact of the forward rotating contactors (KM1) in series (for interlocked), and finally connect to the coil of the reversing contactors (KM2). The other end of the coil returns to the other end of the power supply. - ** Overload protection part **: The normally closed contact of the thermal relay (FT) is connected in series to the common part of the control circuit (i.e. behind the stop button). When the motor is overloaded, the thermal relay will act, and the normally closed contact will be disconnected, cutting off the entire control circuit. ** 3. Draw the ladder diagram (Take the SIEMens's PL as an example)** 1. ** Forward Rotation Control Logics ** - I0.0 is used as the input signal of the forward start button, I0.1 is used as the input signal of the stop button, I0.2 is used as the input signal of the reverse start button (all are normally open contact input), Q0.0 is used as the output signal of the forward contact coil, and Q0.1 is used as the output signal of the reverse contact coil. - When I0.0 is pressed (the normally open contact is closed) and I0.1 is not pressed (the normally closed contact is closed) and Q0.1 is not energized (the normally closed contact is closed), Q0.0 is energized and self-locked (the normally open contact of Q0.0 is closed to maintain its energized state). - In the ladder diagram, it is represented as: the normally closed contacts of I0.0 and I0.1, the normally closed contact of Q0.1 are connected in series to the coil of Q0.0, and the normally open contact of Q0.0 is connected in parallel with I0.0 to achieve self-locking. 2. ** Reverse control logic ** - When I0.2 is pressed (the normally open contact is closed) and I0.1 is not pressed (the normally closed contact is closed) and Q0.0 is not energized (the normally closed contact is closed), Q0.1 is energized and self-locking. - In the ladder diagram, it is represented as: the normally closed contacts of I0.2 and I0.1, the normally closed contact of Q0.0 are connected in series to the coil of Q0.1, and the normally open contact of Q0.1 is connected in parallel with I0.2 to achieve self-locking. The specific instructions, component representation, and programming rules of different brands of PDLCs (e.g., Samsung, SIEMENS, etc.) may differ, but the basic control logic and design ideas are similar. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The working principle of the three-phase induction motor reverse connection control circuit is as follows: 1. Reverse braking was completed with the help of the speed relay SD. There was a heavy object in the speed relay mechanically connected to the motor shaft. 2. After pressing the start button, the motor of the SSB1 rotated to a certain speed. Due to the inertia, the weight pressed the speed relay micro-switch to send a signal, and the SD contact was connected. 3. When the stop button SSB0 is pressed, the KM1 loses power, and the motor enters the free parking state instantly after being disconnected from the power supply; after the normally closed contact of the KM1 recovers, the KM2 is energized, and the motor enters the braking state after being connected with the reverse power supply; when the speed of the motor drops and is lower than the speed at which the speed relay contacts are pressed together, the speed relay micro switch is disconnected, and the motor enters the free parking state again until it completely stops. 4. For KM1 and KM2, AC contactors with mechanical interlocks shall be selected, and their normally closed contacts shall be set with electrical interlocks to ensure safety. 5. Circuit breakers QF1 and QF2 are used for short-circuit protection, and thermal relay KH is used for long-term overload protection of the motor. 6. The resistance R was used to adjust the brake strength. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

In an amplifier circuit, a circuit with feedback was called a closed-loop circuit. The feedback amplifier circuit had a feedback path from the output to the input. This feedback circuit was in a closed-loop state, so the feedback amplifier circuit was a closed-loop circuit. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

Well, it's possible that 'The Circuit' is based on true events to some extent, but it could also be a completely fictional creation designed to engage and captivate the audience.

It's hard to say for sure whether the circuit is fiction or nonfiction without more details. If it's described with scientific accuracy and relates to real-world electronics, it's nonfiction. If it has elements of fantasy or imagination, it might be fiction.

The components that make up the feedback circuit are different for different types of feedback circuits and application scenarios. For example, in a voltage stabilizing feedback circuit, common components include a sensing resistance, TL431, an optical couplet, etc. In some circuits, a feedback circuit may be formed by components such as a resistance, a voltage amplifier, and a voltage amplifier. For example, from the output point to the negative input of the differential amplifier, there is a resistance connected in parallel with two resistances, and from the negative input to d, there is a resistance and a voltage amplifier. In addition, in the feedback circuit, the operational amplifier was the core component, and it formed a circuit to guide the feedback signal with external components such as a resistance or a amplifier. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The Eulerian circuit of a directed graph was defined as a circuit that passed through each edge of the graph once and only once and traveled through each apex of the graph (the apex could be multiple times). A strongly connected graph G has an Eulerian circuit if and only if the in-degree of each node is equal to the out-degree. The proof was as follows: - “⇒”： If a strongly connected graph G has an Eulerian circuit, for the starting point s, suppose that there are x times from s, and to return to s, it must return to s exactly x times, so the in-degree and out-degree of the starting point s must be equal; For a non-starting point v, if the out-degree y is greater than the in-degree x, it cannot return to v after the xth time, and the remaining y-x exit edges cannot be accessed; If the out-degree y is less than the in-degree x, then it cannot be accessed after entering v for the y + 1 time. Therefore, the in-degree and out-degree of the non-starting point v are also equal. Therefore, when graph G has an Eulerian circuit, the in-degree of each node v is equal to the out-degree. - "": Assuming that the degree of entry of each node in the directed strongly connected graph G is equal to the degree of exit, starting from the starting point s (each edge can only be traversed once, but the point can be traversed many times), it will eventually return to the starting point s. Because if we didn't return to the starting point in the end, there is a path s->v1->v2->... ->vi (vi is not equal to s). It can be seen that the number of times we enter vi is one more than the number of times we walk out of vi, so there must be at least one edge from vi that has not been visited, so it is not true. After traversing once, a sub-loop would be formed. On this sub-loop, a point s1 different from point s would continue to traverse, forming a sub-loop with s1 as the starting point (also known as the termination point). These two circuits had no common edges and could be combined into a loop, such as s->…->e->s1->f->…->s1->…->s. If it continued to expand, it would inevitably form an Eulerian loop. The Extraordinary Ordinary Life novel is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

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