Introduction to Phenomenology, Seven LecturesThe e-book website mentioned earlier was at: <anno data-annotation-id ="2fd88fd2 - 4f12 - 4f16 - 4f16 - 8f1d8f111124"></anno>, but most of the download links on this website had been deleted, so there was no other way to read the online version of Introduction to Phenomenology.
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The Main Points of Husserl's PhenomenologyThe main points of Husserl's phenomenology included the following aspects:
** 1. Intentional **
1. ** Directional Awareness **
- Consciousness, as intentionality, is always the consciousness of something, and intentionality is the direction or orientation of consciousness towards something. The "something" here was neither an external objective object nor an internal psychological representation. It was a pattern similar to Kant's meaning before the object and meaning were formed. Sometimes, it also referred to a general object or a universal meaning.
2. ** Intention-related items and activities **
- Husserl called the "something" that appeared in pairs with conscious activity Noema, and the corresponding conscious activity Noesis. Intention-related items have a unique way of existence. They are neither inside nor outside the intentional activity. They are a kind of "intentional" existence or beyond (intentional activity).
3. ** Part of the Intentional Activity **
- Intentional activity includes the existence of the actual item and the behavior characteristics of consciousness. The existence of reality was the sensory material or experience, which was actually flowing in consciousness and could be personally felt. It was also called material. The behavior characteristics of consciousness, such as perception, memory, judgment, desire, etc., could also be personally experienced and could not be mistaken. It was also called quality. In intentional activity, there was also the extreme self, which accompanied the material of the actual item and the related conscious behavior. Without it, intentional activity could not construct the relevant items of intention, and nature, the world, and history could not appear in time. Its mode of operation is the flow of material or material in consciousness, and the self is accompanied by the flow and projects patterns, objects, or meanings together with intentional activities in the non-sameness, thus constructing the natural world and human society.
** 2. Intuition Theory **
- Husserl's theory of intuition was to solve the problem of how we see. For example, when we say that we see a tree or a house, it seems that we are seeing the whole object, but strictly speaking, we are always only seeing the side of the object that faces us. This means that the 'something' we see is not an external or internal object, but a general object, meaning, or pattern.
** 3. Phenomenological Method and Target **
1. ** Early attention and change **
- Husserl paid attention to the problem of concept generation in his early days, and then turned to criticize psychologism and proposed the phenomenological method. He tried to provide a firm foundation for science by "facing the thing itself", so as to carry out an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of human consciousness activities.
2. ** Development and Concept Introduction **
- Husserl developed the early phenomenology of description into transcendental phenomenology, and put forward the concepts of transcendental reduction, transcendental self, and suspension to analyze the structure of transcendental consciousness.
3. ** Late Stage Attention **
- In his later works, Husserl gradually turned his attention to the real world, trying to build phenomenology as the necessary basis for rebuilding human nature.
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Modern architecture, urban architectureModern architecture was a broad concept. In English literature, the term " modern architecture " was often used to refer to modern architecture in a broad sense. Modern architecture involved many aspects such as function, technology, industry, economy, culture, and art. Its innovation was also in many aspects. In the first half of the 20th century, many schools and different styles of architecture appeared.
The urban architecture was the embodiment of modern architecture in the urban environment. There were many types of modern buildings in the city. For example, the Shanghai Central Building, with a total height of 632 meters, 127 floors above ground and 5 floors underground, was a landmark building in Shanghai. The Guangzhou Tower, with a total of 39 floors and a height of 600 meters, was a radio and television tower and landmark building Guangzhou City with many functions. There was also the Beijing Galaxy SOHo, which was composed of four domed buildings. It was a large-scale complex that included office buildings and shopping malls. Its shape was unique and full of curve beauty. The modern buildings in these cities not only met the needs of practical functions, but also showed unique artistic charm and cultural content. They were integrated with the urban environment and influenced each other.
Please write down a few proverb about the knowledge of phenomenologyThe following are a few proverb about the knowledge of plants:
Spring rain is as precious as oil, spring rain and crops.
2. When the weather is cold, water the crops in time.
After autumn, the crops are close to water.
4. After the dew has condensed, water it in time.
5. After the frost, after the frost, the crops lean against the sky.
Spring thunder sounds, all things grow, timely watering crops is good.
After the summer solstice, the weather is hot, and it is good to water the crops in time.
After the winter solstice, it is good to water the crops in time.
There is a proverb that says," A rain before and after the Qingming Festival will keep the crops good."
10 Farmer's proverb,"If you want to grow crops well, hard work is a treasure."
Gilded architectureA gilded building was a type of building that was decorated or constructed with gilded techniques.
For example, the Golden Hall of Wudang Mountain was a palace-style building made of copper cast in the Ming Dynasty. It was also the highest level of copper cast gilded architecture in China. It is located in the middle of the stone platform on the top of Tianzhu Peak, Wudang Mountain, Shiyan City, Hubei Province. It is 1612 meters above sea level and covers an area of about 160 square meters. It was built in the 14th year of Ming Yongle (1416) by Zhu Di, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. The golden hall faced east, with three rooms, 5.8 meters wide, 4.2 meters deep, and 5.54 meters high. It was a large wooden structure with double eaves and a hall-style roof. There are 12 columns around the hall, on which various components are stacked and supported by the upper and lower eaves through the bucket arch. The two ends of the ridge are cast with dragons facing each other. The four walls and columns are installed with latticed doors. The top of the hall has a flat chess ceiling and a shallow carving of flowing clouds. The ground is paved with purple stone patterns. Outside the hall, there is a gilded plate with the word "Golden Hall" on it, and there are cast copper guardrails around. All its components were cast separately. After installation, they were gilded. The structure was rigorous and tightly connected without any traces of casting. The statues were worshipped in the hall and there were related furnishings.
There was also a gilded copper pagoda from the Tang Dynasty, unearthed in 1987 in the underground palace of the temple in Baoji, Shaanxi Province. The Ashoka Tower was originally placed in the front room of the underground palace. It was 53.5 centimeters high and 28 centimeters long and wide at the base. It was composed of the base, the tower body, and the tower. It was molded and exquisite. It was a single-story pavilion with four corners. The base of the tower is a Sumeru seat, with three layers of gradually shrinking guardrails outside. The tower body is open on all sides and has a door, bucket arch, vertical lattice window and other settings. The top is a single-eave four-corner pointed shape, cast with tiles, the eaves angle is slightly curved, and then there is an Indian-style towering pagoda.
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