Modern architecture, urban architecture
Modern architecture was a broad concept. In English literature, the term " modern architecture " was often used to refer to modern architecture in a broad sense. Modern architecture involved many aspects such as function, technology, industry, economy, culture, and art. Its innovation was also in many aspects. In the first half of the 20th century, many schools and different styles of architecture appeared. The urban architecture was the embodiment of modern architecture in the urban environment. There were many types of modern buildings in the city. For example, the Shanghai Central Building, with a total height of 632 meters, 127 floors above ground and 5 floors underground, was a landmark building in Shanghai. The Guangzhou Tower, with a total of 39 floors and a height of 600 meters, was a radio and television tower and landmark building Guangzhou City with many functions. There was also the Beijing Galaxy SOHo, which was composed of four domed buildings. It was a large-scale complex that included office buildings and shopping malls. Its shape was unique and full of curve beauty. The modern buildings in these cities not only met the needs of practical functions, but also showed unique artistic charm and cultural content. They were integrated with the urban environment and influenced each other.
What is modern architecture?
Modern architecture was an architectural movement or style. It was based on innovative construction techniques, especially the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete, and adhered to the idea that form should follow function (functionality). This style emphasized minimalism, and the buildings were usually unadorned. It dominated the architectural style of the 20th century. Modern architecture first appeared in the first half of the 20th century and dominated after World War II until the 1980s when the style began to change and gradually developed into post-modern architecture. Its roots can be traced back to the works of Eugène Viollet le Duc.
Four masters of modern architecture
The four modernist architects were Ludovic Mies van der Rohe, Wright, Le Corbusier, and Gropius. Ludovic Mies van der Rohe was born in Aachen, Germany, and passed away in the United States of America. He was the principal of the Bauhaus School and one of the core founders of the school of functional design. His architectural design features were a clean and obvious skeleton appearance, flexible and changeable flow space, concise and exquisite details. He adhered to the architectural philosophy of "less is more" and proposed the concept of "flowing space". His representative works included the Germany Pavilion at the Barcelona World Exposition, the Fanterworth House, the Segram Building, and the Barcelona chair.
Can you give a few examples of the application of Siheyuan architecture in modern architecture?
Siheyuan buildings are still widely used in modern architecture. Here are some examples: The Forbidden City: The Forbidden City was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China and one of the largest ancient palace buildings in the world. The layout of the Siheyuan could still be reflected in modern architecture. For example, in the courtyard of the Forbidden City, there were some modern garden buildings such as the Summer Palace and the Yuanmingyuan. 2. Tian 'an Men Square: Tian' an Men Square is one of the most famous city squares in China and one of the largest city squares in the world. Its courtyard layout was still widely used in modern architecture. For example, there were some modern buildings on both sides of the square, such as the Monument to the People's Heroes and the National Museum. Summer Palace: Summer Palace is a famous imperial garden in China and one of the largest imperial gardens in the world. The layout of the Siheyuan could still be reflected in modern buildings. For example, there were some modern buildings near Longevity Mountain in Summer Palace, such as Foxiang Pavilion and Yulantang. Bird's Nest: The Bird's Nest is a famous stadium in China and one of the largest indoor stadiums in the world. The layout of the Siheyuan could still be reflected in modern buildings. For example, there were some modern buildings in the north of the Bird's Nest, such as the Water Cube and the National Stadium. These examples show that the courtyard house still has a unique charm in modern architecture and can be combined with the style and function of modern architecture to create new architectural forms.
The five great architects of modern architecture
The so-called four great modernist architects were Ludovic Mies van der Rohe, Wright, Le Corbusier, and Gropius. There was no universal definition of the five great architects of modern architecture. If one wanted to add a more influential architect in the field of modern architecture, it could be Oscar Niemeyer. He was one of the earliest " global " architects. His architecture was very recognizable. He showed excellent design continuity in color, bold geometric shapes, and luxurious simplicity. He was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 1988.
Representative works of modern art architecture
The following are some representative works of modern art architecture: - The Musée d'Orsay in Paris, France, was transformed from an abandoned train station. The interior retained the original architectural structure and industrial style, providing an excellent background for the display of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist works. - New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoBA): Its simple and modern architectural design complemented the avant-garde art works displayed, and the exhibition space was constantly innovative. - Guggenheim Art Museum: Famous for its unique spiral-shaped architectural exterior, this design not only has a strong visual impact, but also creates a smooth flow of the exhibition. The interior is spacious and bright. - The Tate Modern Art Museum in London, England, was transformed from a power plant. The huge turbine hall and unique exhibition space provided an excellent display space for large-scale art installation. - The Prado Art Museum in Madrid, Spain: The architectural style is solemn and elegant, reflecting the rich collection of classical art in the museum. - The Uffizi Art Museum in Florence, Italy: The building itself is a masterpiece of the Renaissance, and there are many masterpieces in the museum. - The National Art Museum in London, England, has a magnificent architectural appearance and a rich art collection. The architectural style reflects the tradition and elegance of the United Kingdom. - Queen Sofia Art Center in Spain: The building combines modern and traditional elements, and the interior space is full of vitality, providing an important platform for the display and exchange of modern art. - The Pompidou Art Center in Paris, France, was eye-catching with its unique "high-tech" architectural style. It exposed the structure and equipment to the outside to create a unique visual effect. - The Winter Palace Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia, was originally the palace of the Russian Tsar. The building was magnificent, the interior was gorgeous, and a large collection of precious works of art. The Bauhaus Academy in Germany was also a representative work of modern architecture. It was designed and built by the modern German architect Gropius in 1926. The practical function of the building was the starting point of the architectural design. According to the practical requirements of each part, various physical contrast methods were used, such as size, length, reality, transparent and opaque, thickness, etc., to produce a fresh and lively beauty. It appeared simple and varied.
A brief introduction to the characteristics of modern architecture
Modern architecture had the following characteristics: 1. ** Materials and technological innovation **: The foundation is innovative construction technology, especially the widespread use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete. 2. ** Function oriented **: Uphold the idea that form should follow function (functionality). With the analysis and functional methods of architectural design as guidance, designers were required to first consider the function of the building for the user, then consider the appearance. Even the "rule" of "form follows function" became the design leader. 3. ** minimalism and no decoration **: emphasize minimalism. The building does not have too much decoration, such as usually defined by flat roof, open floor plan, curtain windows, and minimal decoration. The overall shape is simple and pure. The entire facade is simple and neat. 4. ** Esthetics related to social and political philosophy **: Its aesthetic appearance is closely related to a series of social and political philosophy, and architecture can be a way to solve social injustice. 5. ** Appearance ** - ** Color **: The use of color is steady and generous; the color contrast is strong and focuses on the contrast between reality and reality. Bright and light architectural colors are often used. - ** Exterior Facade **: The exterior facade is strong and clean. The method of weakening the corners and breaking the space of the hexagon is often used to highlight the surrounding elements (points, lines, and surfaces). The cool and fashionable feeling of the building is emphasized. It is simple and smooth. It may be featured by waves, corridor type hanging boards, decorative lines, belts, blocks, and other abnormal roofs. The three-dimensional layering is strong. There are floating windowsills, external hanging balconies, or built-in balconies. Color blocks are used reasonably. 6. ** Spatial layout and practicality **: While pursuing fashion and trends, it pays great attention to the perfect combination of the layout of the room space and the use of functions. Simple and practical architectural design makes complicated life simple. 7. ** Trendy Style Attribute **: Modern minimalist building facades are the most widely used in the real estate industry. Their taste and fashionable architectural forms are popular among most consumers.
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture was a medieval European architectural style that originated in France and was popular in Europe from the 13th to the 15th century. It was featured by tall spires, flying buttresses, and pointed arch. It expressed human reverence for God and yearning for the future. Gothic architecture was mainly used in churches, monasteries, castles, palaces and other buildings. Its basic components were pointed arch and rib vault. Gothic architecture had an important position in the history of architecture because of its superb technology and artistic achievements. Its unique features included its towering spires, the huge stained glass paintings on the windows, the dim light, and the suspended space structure. Gothic architecture had a major impact on the architectural style of later generations and provided valuable design inspiration for later architects.
temple architecture
The architectural features of Minnan temples were quite obvious, and they were very different from the architectural styles of other regions. They were usually built with red bricks and tiles, and they looked gorgeous and magnificent. The architectural style of Minnan temples was described as " red bricks and white stones with double slopes, with bricks and stone swallowtail ridges, carved beams and painted palaces." In addition, the layout of the temple buildings was also one of the important features of the temple buildings. According to the information provided, the basic parts of the temple buildings were divided into basic blocks and advanced blocks to show the level and style of the buildings in the temple. Ordinary seats were usually used in the Heaven King Hall, and as the courtyard went deeper, the base gradually rose. In summary, the architectural features of Minnan temples included the appearance of red bricks and tiles, and the layout of basic and advanced seats.
Gilded architecture
A gilded building was a type of building that was decorated or constructed with gilded techniques. For example, the Golden Hall of Wudang Mountain was a palace-style building made of copper cast in the Ming Dynasty. It was also the highest level of copper cast gilded architecture in China. It is located in the middle of the stone platform on the top of Tianzhu Peak, Wudang Mountain, Shiyan City, Hubei Province. It is 1612 meters above sea level and covers an area of about 160 square meters. It was built in the 14th year of Ming Yongle (1416) by Zhu Di, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. The golden hall faced east, with three rooms, 5.8 meters wide, 4.2 meters deep, and 5.54 meters high. It was a large wooden structure with double eaves and a hall-style roof. There are 12 columns around the hall, on which various components are stacked and supported by the upper and lower eaves through the bucket arch. The two ends of the ridge are cast with dragons facing each other. The four walls and columns are installed with latticed doors. The top of the hall has a flat chess ceiling and a shallow carving of flowing clouds. The ground is paved with purple stone patterns. Outside the hall, there is a gilded plate with the word "Golden Hall" on it, and there are cast copper guardrails around. All its components were cast separately. After installation, they were gilded. The structure was rigorous and tightly connected without any traces of casting. The statues were worshipped in the hall and there were related furnishings. There was also a gilded copper pagoda from the Tang Dynasty, unearthed in 1987 in the underground palace of the temple in Baoji, Shaanxi Province. The Ashoka Tower was originally placed in the front room of the underground palace. It was 53.5 centimeters high and 28 centimeters long and wide at the base. It was composed of the base, the tower body, and the tower. It was molded and exquisite. It was a single-story pavilion with four corners. The base of the tower is a Sumeru seat, with three layers of gradually shrinking guardrails outside. The tower body is open on all sides and has a door, bucket arch, vertical lattice window and other settings. The top is a single-eave four-corner pointed shape, cast with tiles, the eaves angle is slightly curved, and then there is an Indian-style towering pagoda. The novel "Gilded Palm" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
What was the masterpiece of modern architecture in the 20th century?
The work known as the pioneer of modern architecture in the 20th century was the National Museum of America in Washington, D.C., also known as the Hermitage Museum. The building was designed by the American architect Paul Gettys from 1962 to 1965. It is a museum with more than 200 exhibition spaces and is one of the most important museum in the United States. The unique geometry of the building and the use of glass materials made it a classic in the modern architectural world.