Principle of Allergen Reaction
Allergy reactions are caused by some people being overly sensitive to the substances (allergens) they come into contact with. When a sensitive individual comes into contact with a foreign, harmless substance (an allergy), the immune system will overreact and the body will produce a type of protein specific to the allergy. These IgE-bound to the high-affinity receptor on mast cells and basophils. When the allergy entered the body again and met with these bound molecules, the form of the immune receptor would change from a dimmer to a monolith. This change in form would lead to the exposure of the protein sites of the relevant signaling pathways, which would activate the downstream signaling pathways, causing allergic reactions such as vasodilation and bronchiectomy. In severe cases, it could cause allergic shock. In an allergic reaction, the affected organs or tissues will be infiltrated by a large number of inflammatory cells (especially those that are not activated), and a high concentration of IgE will appear in the serum. Read more exciting novels for free
Biuret and protein reaction principle
The principle of the reaction between biuret and protein was that biuret could react with copper sulfuric acid to form a purple substance. This might be caused by the peptidic bond structure in the biuret molecules. The nitrogen atom of the peptidic bond would form a purple complex with Cu2 + ions. Because there was also a peptidic bond structure in the protein, such a reaction would also occur. We called the purple reaction between the compound containing the peptidic bond structure and copper sulfuric acid solution "biuret reaction". In other words, as long as the molecules contained a peptidic bond, this characteristic purple reaction would generally occur. It wasn't that biuret reacted directly with the protein, but the reaction between the peptidic bond in the protein and copper ions. It was the same reaction type as biuret and copper ions. It was a " biuret reaction." When carrying out experiments related to the biuret reaction, biuret reagent A was a strong base, and biuret reagent B was copper sulfuric acid. When using it, add A to the protein solution first, shake it up, and then add B. Strong base and copper sulfuric acid can denature the protein, but this does not affect the purple reaction, because the essence of protein degeneration is that the spatial structure is destroyed, causing it to settle and lose its physiological activity. However, the bond structure and the sequence of the protein chain are generally not destroyed. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction Principle of Acid and Nitrite
The principle of the reaction between the two substances was that the reaction between the two substances would produce NaCl2, H2O, NO, and NO2. The reaction equation was 2NaNO2 + 2HQ = 2NaCl2 + H2O + NO + NO2. This was mainly due to the fact that the nitrogen acid was unstable and would decompose quickly. Moreover, nitrogen acid was a weak acid. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The selective principle of the ozon reaction is
In the Ozonation reaction, the reaction between the oxygen and the organic matter was selective in many aspects. In the direct fermentation method of waste water treatment, there was a selective reaction between the oxygen molecules and the contamination. For example, it was difficult for the oxygen to catalyze saturated fatty organic matter. Ozonidation could not completely decompose organic matter into CO2 and H2O, and the products after its decomposition were often organic compounds. Moreover, in the direct oxidization, the main thing was to convert the big molecular organic matter into small molecular organic matter. The overall degree of oxidization was not high, and the effect on the reduction of the total organic carbon content was not obvious. At low doses and in a short period of time, it was impossible to completely metalize the impurities due to the selectively generated oxygen. Moreover, the intermediate products generated by the decomposition would prevent the further decomposition of the oxygen. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The selective principle of the ozon reaction is
Ozonation reaction was selective, and the order of the reaction was as follows: alkene> amine> phenols> polyaromatic> alcohol> carbols> alkyls. When a variety of impurities exist, the reaction rate of oxygen (O3) will be prioritized with the fast reaction rate of the impurities. When the PH is less than 11, it is mainly the molecular oxygen reaction, which has the characteristics of selective oxidization. The main impurities are the wastewaters with high molecular oxygen reaction rate constant, such as alcoholic wastewaters and high-ph wastewaters. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction Principle of Toothpaste and Iodine
The components of the toothpaste were composed of zinc-citrate, sodium-glyconate, and sodium-oh. These components could react with the iodine-like substance in the tincture to form the iodine-like substance. Generally, the iodine-like substance was only slightly pale yellow, so when the tincture was dripped into the toothpaste water and stirred, the color of the tincture would disappear. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Light Reaction Principle of Purple Light
The reaction principle of the purple light was as follows: The fluorescent reaction of a purple light lamp was based on the principle of luminescence. When a violet light (a violet flashlight) shone on certain substances, these substances would selectively absorb the violet light emitted by the violet light. The molecules would be stimulated, and they would emit visible light of the same wavelength and different intensity. When the light stopped, the fluorescence disappeared. When the infrared rays hit the fluorescent substance, there were three general situations: part of the infrared rays were reflected; part of the infrared rays were absorbed by the fluorescent substance; and part of the infrared rays were transmitted. The fluorescence occurred due to the absorption of the fluorescent substance. After the fluorescent substance absorbed the infrared rays, the internal energy state of the molecules changed, showing a transition between different energy levels and releasing fluorescence. For the Lighthouse series of purple lamps, the principle of light was to bombard the special fluorescent material inside the lamp with electric arcs after being energized, and then produce purple spectrum light waves. The violet light could be divided into the UUA band (320 - 400 <anno data-annotation-id ="00000100 - 400a-400a-400a-800a-8000000000000"> wave-length </anno>), the UVP band (275 - 320 </anno>), the UVP band (200 - 275 </anno>), and the UVR band (100 - 200 </anno>). Among them, the fluorescent powder in the purple tube could convert the arc energy into long-wave violet radiation in the UVA-band, such as the UVA-band of 340 - 380 run, and the UVA-band of 365 run was more suitable for checking the fine traces of the collection and fluorescent anti-counterfeit work. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaxff reaction force field principle
ReaxFF was a molecular force field based on bond level. It is commonly used in molecular dynamics simulations. Goddard and his collaborators at the California Institute of Technology suggested. In its simplest form, as a bridge between chemical quantum and the experiential force field, it used a set of relatively simple functions to describe the relationship between energy and geometry. For example, it used the EFF method to deal with the simple harmonic-wave equation of the condensed matter system. These equations were used to describe the stretching, compression, and bending of bond angles. However, the current reference materials did not have more in-depth information about its principle, so it was impossible to answer further. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction Principle of Dehydrating Alcohol into Ether
The alcohol group was first protonated, and then the oxygen atom of the other alcohol group attacked the protonated carbon with a pair of electrons, causing an Sn2 reaction, and then deprotonated to give ether. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What is the principle of accelerating the fermentation reaction?
In order to speed up the reaction speed and promote the equilibrium to move toward the product to increase the yield of the ester, the following two methods and their principles can be used: 1. ** Remove the water generated by the reaction **: - Esterification was a irreversible reaction, and the reaction took a very long time to reach equilibrium. According to the principle of chemical equilibrium, reducing the amount of the product could move the equilibrium in the direction of positive reaction. Water was the product of the esterfication reaction. Using the constant boiling method or adding an appropriate water scavenger to remove the water generated during the reaction could promote the equilibrium to move in the direction of ester formation, thus speeding up the reaction in the direction of ester formation. 2. ** Increase the amount of reagents **: - adding an excessive amount of acid or alcohol. From the perspective of chemical equilibrium, increasing the concentration of the reagents would shift the equilibrium in the direction of positive reactions. When an excessive amount of acid or alcohol is added, the concentration of the acid or alcohol in the reaction system increases, so that the reaction is more likely to proceed in the direction of producing an ester, thereby accelerating the speed of the fermentation reaction and increasing the yield of the ester. In industrial production, these two methods were often used at the same time. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction Kettle Mirror Polishing Principle
There were several main polishing principles for the reaction kettle: 1. ** Grinding and Polishing Principle **: - For example, the equipment for rotating grinding and polishing was relatively simple, including power, polishing plate, grinding equipment, polishing paste, and so on. The polishing plate was driven to rotate by the grinding equipment, and the surface of the reaction kettle was polished with polishing paste. For materials with different viscousnesses or different stirring purposes, when the inner surface of the reaction kettle is ground and polished, the relevant parameters of the rotation (such as the speed of rotation, grinding force, etc.) can be adjusted to achieve a better polishing effect. - When grinding and polishing, regardless of whether it was a material with low or high stickiness, it was necessary to choose the appropriate grinding equipment and operation method according to its characteristics to achieve a smooth surface treatment, so that the microscopic bumps and dents on the surface were gradually smoothed out, reducing the surface hardness and improving the surface smoothness. 2. ** Electropolishing (Electro-Anodizing) Principle **: - The inner surface of the stainless steel reaction kettle was placed on the surface of the aluminum plate, and the polishing agent was allowed to flow inside. Then, the polishing agent was passed through the stainless steel reaction kettle with a low voltage and a high current for the polishing process. During this process, two contradictory processes were happening on the surface of the tube at the same time, namely, the formation and dissolution of the metal surface's passive layer (containing the viscous mucus membrane). - Due to the different prerequisites for the film to enter the passive state on the surface of the microscopic protruding parts and the concave parts, and the dissolving of the positive pole, the concentration of metal salt in the positive pole area continued to increase, forming a thick membrane with high internal resistance on the surface. The thickness difference of the film at the concave and concave parts caused the current intensity on the surface of the positive pole to be high, and the tip discharge dissolving speed was fast. The purpose of flattening the protruding microscopic part was achieved in a short time, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the metal surface passive layer, and at the same time, the mirror polishing effect of the surface was achieved. 3. ** Principle of chemical polishing **: - The basic principle of chemical polishing was the same as that of electropolishing. It relied on selectively dissolving the tiny protruding parts on the surface of the material to make the surface smooth. However, electropolishing could eliminate the effect of the negative reaction, and the effect was better than chemical polishing. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>