Tong Dawei experienced the restoration of cultural relics in the Forbidden City
In the program " Legend of Craftiness " that was broadcasted on Jiangsu TV every Thursday night, Tong Dawei walked into the Forbidden City as the ingenuity ambassador. At the invitation of curator Yang Lan, he was in the Forbidden City to experience the royal style. His first task was to find a brocade bag to solve the mystery of ingenuity. After collecting four brocade bags, he could summon the relic doctor of the Forbidden City's wood restoration team. After entering the " Cultural Relics Hospital," he saw the different " departments " and restorers set up to protect cultural relics. Tong Dawei was very interested in wooden objects. He stared at the lifelike dragon carvings without blinking. He was shocked by the ancient artifacts in the Palace Museum, such as the large cabinet that was as tall as the room and carved from a whole piece of yellow pear wood. He also discussed with the wood repairmen about self-made tools and personally tried to polish them. It took him several hours to grind a wooden plate, and this spirit was praised by the repairmen. Read more exciting novels for free
Restoration of cultural relics
Restoration of cultural relics
The preservation and restoration of cultural relics was a complicated and cautious task. From a professional point of view, the protection and restoration of cultural relics needed to focus on restoration skills and build a discipline system that combined modern scientific research, traditional craftsmanship, and restoration techniques. The relevant practitioners needed to master the basic knowledge of art, cultural relics, archaeology, museum studies, etc., with solid basic knowledge of cultural relics and mature cultural relics protection and restoration skills. However, there were many challenges in the actual preservation and restoration of cultural relics, and there were many cases of failure. For example, the roof of the protective house built in 1936 in Dengfeng Taishique collapsed, and the falling bricks and wood smashed the roof of Taishique out of the eaves; the maintenance project of the Maijishan Grottoes from 1977 to 1984 reduced the risk of the weathered layer falling off, but changed the direction of the water flow in the mountain, causing the water damage of some grottoes to be more serious; The Cangzhou Iron Lion had undergone four repairs, but the more it was repaired, the worse it became. The octagonal pavilion built in 1956 became more rusty. In 1984, the sulfur anchor mixture poured in during transportation accelerated the fracture of the lion's legs. In 1994, the mixed material poured in expanded in the rain and worsened the cracks in the legs. After the lightning protection facilities were installed in the Golden Hall of Wudang Mountain, thunderstorms became more frequent and the damage was more serious, which also caused the wonder of the "Thunder Fire Refining Hall" to disappear. During the excavation of Dingling Tomb, the unearthed cultural relics were not handled properly, such as destroying and throwing away the golden nanmu coffin. These cases showed that the restoration of cultural relics needed careful consideration and careful planning before implementation. The restoration plan should fully consider the possible impacts on cultural relics to avoid irreparable losses. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Restoration of cultural relics
Cultural relic restoration qualifications were divided into movable cultural relic restoration qualifications and immovable cultural relic restoration qualifications. The movable cultural relic restoration qualification could be used to restore cultural relics in the collection, including works of art, documents, manuscripts, books, porcelain, bronze, silk, glass, calligraphy, paintings, ancient books, etc. The immovable cultural relic restoration qualification was mainly used to repair ancient buildings, traditional settlements, ancient streets, archaeological sites, and other historical and cultural relics. If an enterprise applies for the qualification of cultural relic restoration, it can apply for an administrative license if it meets all the following conditions: 1. ** Requirements for Level 1, 2 and 3 Relic Restoration **: - The restoration plan of cultural relics shall be prepared by a qualified unit; - The restoration of cultural relics belongs to the business scope of the qualification unit; - The cultural relic information, the necessity of restoration, and the work objectives were clear; - The repair procedures and repair technical routes are scientific and reasonable; - Clear preventive measures; - Comply with the relevant laws and regulations. 2. ** Requirements for copying and rubbing Level 1, 2 and 3 cultural relics in the collection **: - The plans for the reproduction and rubbing of cultural relics shall be prepared by qualified units; - The copying and rubbing of cultural relics belong to the business scope of the qualification unit; - The copying and rubbing of cultural relics shall not cause damage to cultural relics; - Cultural relics that are not classified according to law shall not be copied or printed; - If it is not suitable for copying or rubbing due to the preservation status of the cultural relics and the characteristics of the cultural relics, it shall not be copied or rubbed; - If it is necessary to copy cultural relics, the copies before the Yuan Dynasty should be copied and copied. After the Yuan Dynasty, the original cultural relics can be used for rubbing. For rubbing on the original cultural relics, it is forbidden to use sharp and hard tools to beat them. Mass production of cultural relics replicas and rubbing cannot use the original cultural relics. - The principle of using the original cultural relics for copying and rubbing should be adhered to, and the number of replicas and rubbings should be strictly controlled. The replicas of cultural relics should have a mark indicating the copying, and the rubbings of cultural relics should indicate the unit, time and number of rubbing; - Comply with the relevant laws and regulations. The materials required to apply for the qualification for the restoration of cultural relics included the restoration, replication, rubbing plan, and application documents. The process was as follows: 1. "Request: The applicants can apply on the spot and submit the application materials according to the requirements. 2. Accepting: The handling authority will make a decision to accept or reject the application within 5 working days after receiving the application materials. If the materials are incomplete or do not conform to the legal form, the handling authority will inform the content that needs to be corrected at one time. If the application is not accepted, the handling authority will explain the reasons and inform the rights of the applicants. There were also the following requirements for the qualification of movable cultural relics restoration (Level 2 and Level 3 cultural relics): 1. ** Personnel requirements **: There must be at least 7 cultural and cultural experts with more than 5 years of experience in the restoration of cultural relics, who have presided over or mainly participated in the protection and restoration of more than 50 precious cultural relics (6 on-the-job experts + 1 retired expert). 2. ** Requirements for providing commercial sites **: The site meets the standard conditions and functions of a regional technical center or above as stipulated in the Basic Requirements for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Cultural Relics Protection and Restoration Rooms (GB/T30238 - 2013). 3. ** Repair site requirements **: Each business scope of the application should be equipped with an independent repair site, equipped with qualified technical equipment, and there must be a corresponding expert in the field. 4. ** Safety Requirements for Storage of Places **: The safety conditions of the cultural relic storage place shall comply with the Regulations on the Level of Danger and Safety Protection of the Cultural Relic System Museums (GA27 -2002). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Interpretation of the cultural relics of the Forbidden City
The cultural relics of the Forbidden City were rich in content and value. From a historical point of view, the Forbidden City was originally called the Forbidden City. Its name originated from the Purple Star Wall in the middle of the sky and its eternal position was regarded as the residence of the Emperor of Heaven. The word "purple" was used to correspond to the imperial palace in the human world, and "forbidden" meant the royal forbidden area. The Palace Museum was founded on this foundation in 1925. After nearly 600 years of vicissitudes, it now shows its charm to the public in various ways. The collection of cultural relics in the Forbidden City could be called a national treasure. It covered the main categories of ancient China culture and art, reflecting the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization. Among them, there were about 350,000 ceramic cultural relics, most of which were old collections of the Qing Palace. Their development process began from the early Neoliths, and went through the evolution of pottery, white pottery, primitive celadon and other forms. In terms of clocks and watches, European mechanical clocks were introduced in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and foreign "clock workers" played an important role. In the Qing Dynasty, the palace used a large number of mechanical clocks, most of which were made in England. The Qing Palace set up a clock making office to make clocks. In addition to the timekeeping function, these clocks also had decorative mechanical links. The costumes of the emperors and empresses of the Forbidden City reflected the highest production standards at that time. At the same time, there were strict wearing regulations. Different identities, occasions, and seasons had different shapes, styles, colors, and patterns. The palace treasures collected by the Palace Museum of the Qing Dynasty were mostly made of precious materials. They were designed and manufactured by famous craftsmen from all over the world. The craftsmanship took a long time and represented the highest level of craftsmanship at that time. In addition, the cultural relics of the Forbidden City were numbered. When it was established in 1925, the number of cultural relics was written "old" before the number of cultural relics, and the number of returned cultural relics was written "new" before the number of cultural relics. The first cultural relic was a small stool, which was determined according to the specific statistics of that year. Moreover, the opening exhibition of the Hong Kong Palace Museum of Culture displayed more than 900 precious cultural relics from the Palace Museum, including 166 first-class cultural relics, ranging from paintings and paintings to porcelain. These cultural relics displayed the variety and preciousness of the Palace Museum's cultural relics. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
English for cultural relics in the Forbidden City
"Cultural Relic in the Forbidden City" or "Cultural Relic in the Palace Museum". In international exchanges and exhibition situations, these expressions can be used to introduce the cultural relics collected by the Forbidden City. For example, in the relevant exhibition of the China-France Cultural and Cultural Year, when it comes to the cultural relics of the Forbidden City and the Palace of Versailles, such English expressions may be used to convey relevant information to the international audience. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Modern restoration of cultural relics
Jingzhou cultural relics restoration
The Jingzhou Cultural Relics Protection Center had achieved remarkable results in the restoration of cultural relics. It was established in 2003 and was one of the key scientific research bases of the State Administration of Cultural Relics for the protection of unearthed wooden lacquer ware. It integrated the protection, restoration and scientific research of cultural relics and was the "Regional Technology Center" for cultural relics protection supported by the State Administration of Cultural Relics. In terms of restoration technology, it had outstanding technical advantages in the protection of unearthed waterlogged wood lacquer ware, bamboo slips and silk relics. For example, the composite glyoxal dehydration technology of bamboo and wood lacquer, the bamboo and wood bamboo and bamboo and In terms of restoration results, the bamboo slips that had been protected accounted for 80% of the total amount of water-saturated bamboo slips unearthed in the same period in China, and the wooden lacquer ware that had been protected accounted for 70% of the total amount of water-saturated wood lacquer ware protected and repaired in the same period in China. It provided cultural relic protection technical support for 27 provinces and cities and more than 130 cultural and cultural institutions in China, enabling more than 10000 wooden lacquer ware, 180,000 bamboo and wood bamboo slips and more than 1100 pieces of textile products to "prolong life". Its staff also made outstanding contributions to the restoration of cultural relics. For example, Fang Beisong had been focusing on the restoration of cultural relics for 36 years and led the team to create the bamboo slips 'color-removal and dehydration process. Up to now, more than 180,000 bamboo slips had been color-removed and more than 130,000 bamboo slips had been dehydrated. The restoration of water-saturated bamboo slips he protected accounted for 80% of the total number of bamboo slips of the same kind in China. In terms of the construction of hardware facilities, the new scientific research building was put into use in 2017, with a construction area of 9600 square meters and an area of 6000 square meters directly used for the protection and restoration of cultural relics. Moreover, with the strong support of the State Administration of Cultural Relics, a cultural relic analysis and detection platform was initially built. It had a hyperspectral image analysis system, scanning electron microscope and other cultural relic observation and disease detection and evaluation equipment, as well as various special equipment such as three-dimensional laser scanner, engraving robot, and electric heating tank. All of these provided strong support for the restoration of cultural relics. In addition, there was a Jingzhou Cultural Relics Protection and Restoration Center of more than 20,000 square meters in the construction project of the Chu Culture Museum. The newly built Cultural Relics Protection Center was not only used for cultural relics restoration, but also had the function of exhibition, which could immerse the whole process of cultural relics restoration to tourists. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Restoration of cultural relics and statues
The restoration of cultural relics and statues was a complicated and cautious work. During the restoration process, the main purpose was to protect the cultural relics and prevent them from continuing to be damaged, not to restore them to their original appearance. For example, in history, the Thousand-handed Guanyin statue on Baoding Mountain in Dazu, Chongqing had undergone many repairs, and the restoration had different emphasis in different periods. In the fourth year of Longqing of the Ming Dynasty (1570), its exterior was mainly strengthened and restored with gold foil and colored paintings. In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, two repairs were carried out to maintain the original appearance of the ancient traditional methods. In the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889), not only was the exterior renovated, but the structure was also strengthened and adjusted. The 21st-century repairs (2011 - 2015) combined modern technology (such as X-ray scanning, 3D laser scanning, 3D microscope, etc.) and traditional techniques to completely repair the Thousand-handed Guan Yin statue. The internal structure and external damage were examined to determine the difficulties and key parts of the repair. However, there were also some cases of failure in the restoration of cultural relics. For example, the statue of Santa Barbara in the Church of Santa Cruz da Barra in Brazil and the statue of Saint Anthony in Padua did not work well after restoration. Some looked like they had been remade, while others became very cheap and lost the charm and value of the original cultural relics. At the same time, there were also cases of successful use of new materials to repair cultural relics and statues. For example, Turkish cultural relics restoration experts used nano-lime to repair the cracks in the statues at the site of Mount Nemrut. The nano-scale lime particles could penetrate deeper into the degraded areas of the stone to achieve a good reinforcement effect. In short, the restoration of cultural relics and statues had to consider many factors. The restorer needed to have professional knowledge and skills, and must uphold the original intention of protecting cultural relics in order to avoid damage to cultural relics. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Restoration of cultural relics in TongLiao
There were many measures and related work in the restoration of cultural relics in Tongluo. In the Tongliao City Museum Cultural Relics Protection and Restoration Center, there was a group of cultural relics restoration experts dedicated to restoring cultural relics. For example, in August 2024, a Liao Dynasty tomb was discovered in Jinbaotun Town, Horqin Zuoyinghouqi, Tongliao City. Recently, it had been transferred to the stage of indoor cultural relic restoration and data sorting. In addition, the Cultural Relic Restoration Center of Tongliao City also actively carried out educational and promotional activities related to the restoration of cultural relics, such as the theme activity of "Craftiness Restoration Continues Civilization-I'm a Little Restorer" organized at the Kong Family School in Qianjiadian Town on October 19,2023. Through various forms, the students were introduced to the basic concepts and methods of cultural relic restoration, and the students were allowed to experience the restoration of damaged antique porcelain to enhance their understanding and love of history and culture. In terms of the restoration of movable cultural relics, relevant management methods should also be followed. For example, the principle of not changing the original state of cultural relics should be adhered to, and the restoration work should be carried out by the unit that has obtained the qualification for the restoration of movable cultural relics. When repairing precious cultural relics and first-class cultural relics in the collection, there should also be corresponding requirements such as declaration and approval procedures. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Undergraduates in cultural relics restoration
The undergraduate course is a graduate student in cultural relics restoration. The following is the relevant information: ** I. Direction of Postgraduate Entrance Examination ** Cultural relics protection and restoration major postgraduate entrance examination direction has cultural relics and museum, archaeology, China history, science and technology history, etc. ** 2. Information about different schools ** 1. ** Northwest University **: It is at the top level in the field of cultural relics preservation. If you want to apply for a postgraduate degree in the field of cultural relics restoration, you can consider the university. However, it does not explicitly mention the special application requirements or advantages of the undergraduate cultural relics major. 2. ** Central University for Nationalities **: The subjects for the postgraduate entrance examination for the major of cultural relics and museum are: (1) 101 Political Theory (2) 202 Russian,(2) 203 Japanese,(2) 204 English (3) 348 Cultural and Cultural Integration. If the undergraduate major was cultural and literary, they might have a certain knowledge base advantage in the comprehensive subject of cultural and literary. ** 3. Key Points for Exam preparation ** 1. ** Pay attention to real questions **: Real questions are extremely important in the postgraduate entrance examination materials. You need to do more. If you have a wrong question, you need to analyze the solution. It's best to brush it 4 - 5 times. 2. ** Consider applying for a class **: Self-study is difficult. If conditions permit, it is recommended to apply for a class. You can get one-on-one focused review, systematic answering skills, and answering questions at any time. The efficiency will be much higher than self-study. ** IV. Job prospects ** If he succeeded in getting a postgraduate degree in cultural relic restoration, his employment prospects would be better. 1. ** Cultural Relocation Institution **: After graduation, you can enter cultural relics institutions, cultural protection research institutes, and other institutions to engage in cultural relics restoration and management. 2. ** Art Market-related **: Able to work in the art market for art collection, auction, appreciation, etc. You can also work in cultural relics and art business units. 3. ** Other fields **: Including literature and history freelance writing, tourism department, press and publication department, education department, cultural and creative field, etc. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>