Hongshan Jade, Green Pine
The turquoise jade in Hongshan culture had unique characteristics. In terms of shape, these turquoise carvings had various shapes. For example, the ox god holding a beast had round eyes, long horns bent into big holes, holding the beast's head and standing posture, hands = beast eyebrows, etc. There were also musicians holding an organ, the musician holding a two-hole organ and squatting with high concentration. There were also frog gods holding a smiling face, frog gods holding an old man's smiling face, squatting, frog claws = eyebrows, etc. In terms of weight and size, different turquoise carvings had different data. For example, the head of the ox god weighed 988 grams, was 200 mm high, 70 mm wide, and 65 mm thick. The musician's organ weighed 1264 grams, was 180 mm high, 80 mm wide, and 60 mm thick. These Hongshan jade pieces were mostly made of double-colored turquoise or large turquoise, which had been preserved for thousands of years. Although most of them were made of iron pine, five of them were unique turquoise carvings with dark and deep colors mixed together like clay porcelain. These Hongshan jades and green pines may be related to the beliefs and stories of the time. For example, they may be related to the worship of gods in the Hongshan culture. At that time, the worship of gods was generally divided into three stages: early worship of the main god Nüwa, middle worship of the main god Emperor Yan, etc. These green pine jades may have special significance in sacrificial activities. For example, No. 171 Ox God's Embracing Beast may be related to the worship of the Old Ox God and the Little Ox God. Read more exciting novels for free
Hongshan Ring Jade
Hongshan jade processing
The processing of Hongshan jade ware had its own unique characteristics. The Hongshan culture was in the Neolith period, and metal had yet to appear. The tools and methods of making jade were relatively primitive and backward, but the Hongshan people could make exquisite jade articles. Judging from the jade artifacts unearthed in Xinglongwa, there were already mature jade making techniques such as drilling, pipe drilling, leather rope, cutting, polishing, and so on. The drill was solid, and the pipe drill was a hollow, tube-shaped tool. In the process of making Hongshan jade ware, these two tools were mainly used to drill the middle hole of the jade piece. At that time, the diameter of the pipe drill was relatively similar, so the middle hole of the jade piece was almost the same. Most of the Jade Boar Dragons used a solid drill to drill holes, and some would change the position of the holes. There was a non-word pattern in the ancient Hongshan jade. One view believed that it was processed with a steel rod. Another view was that it was first drilled with a pipe drill and then split from the middle. However, because the spiral pattern of the pipe drill had an inclined angle and the non-word pattern of Hongshan was basically parallel, the theory of the steel rod processing was more accepted. The earliest method of processing jade in Hongshan was to carry out shallow processing according to the shape of the stone. For example, according to the original shape of the stone that resembled an eagle and the natural holes, the eagle was used as a pattern to be carved or carved, and then the excess parts were removed to make eagle jade or stone artifacts. The production process of Hongshan ancient jade was from big to small, from thick to thin, from shape to spirit, and then to both shape and spirit. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Treasure Hunting Hongshan Jade
Hongshan jade was an important representative of Hongshan culture, so one had to start from many aspects to search for Hongshan jade. Judging from the characteristics of Hongshan jade, it was the original code of the hieroglyph of Chinese civilization. Its shape, position, and arrangement contained a wealth of information. The Hongshan Jade Artifacts were created by the ancestors of Hongshan Mountain by copying and generalizing the images and phenomena in nature. There were many types of labor tools such as jade sickles, combat weapons such as jade knives and jade axes, sacrificial vessels such as C-shaped jade dragons, jade walls, and jade congs, and divine artifacts such as jade gods. In terms of materials and materials, the ancients of the Hongshan culture period used local materials to make jade. When searching for treasures, they needed to consider the types and characteristics of the local stone materials during this period. From the perspective of cultural inheritance, Hongshan jade culture had gone through different stages. From the Neolith Age, the ancestors of Hongshan began to use jade, through the stage of divine jade and witch jade, then the stage of royal jade monopolized by the royal family, and then the period of folk jade opened to the common people after the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the process of treasure hunting, the value and authenticity of Hongshan jade articles could be judged according to the different characteristics of these stages. However, the search for Hongshan jade was a complicated process. It required profound historical and cultural knowledge, rich archaeological experience, and a deep understanding of Hongshan culture. At the same time, it was also necessary to abide by relevant laws and regulations to ensure the legitimacy of the treasure hunt and the principle of cultural relics protection. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Hongshan jade ware locust
The jade locusts in the Hongshan culture had the following characteristics: From the shape, its protruding eyes were upward, its wings were large, its abdomen tail had three grooves, there was a hole between the front toes, and the distance between its eyes was relatively close. The locusts in the Hongshan culture jade ware were about 60 - 75 mm long and weighed 43 - 69 grams. In the Hongshan culture jade ware, the number of locusts was not much compared to the number of jade silkworms. At that time, locusts had both advantages and disadvantages to the ancients. Overbreeding would cause food production to decrease, but locusts were easy to catch and could solve the food problem. Their strong reproductive ability was also worshipped by the ancients and became the food target of the ancients. The authentic ancient jade of Hongshan culture was mostly made of high-quality tremolite "river grinding jade". After it was buried in the soil, there were natural aging phenomena such as weathering, infiltration and cracking. The fine grinding marks on the surface and the grinding marks of the jade sand on the Yin line were clearly visible. The Yin line was shallow, and the cross section was a U-shaped gentle slope. There were grinding marks of jade sand with uneven thickness and length in the groove. These characteristics could be used to identify the genuine Hongshan jade locust. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Appreciation of Jade Artifacts of Hongshan Culture
The Hongshan culture jade ware was a jade ware found in the ruins of the Hongshan culture of the Neoliths in China. It mainly appeared in the late Hongshan culture, about 5500 - 5000 years ago. The following are some of the main points of appreciating the jade treasures of the Hongshan culture: ** 1. Styling ** 1. ** Character and animal modeling ** - There were jade figures, jade phoenixes, jade dragons and other typical shapes in the jade ware of Hongshan culture. These shapes had distinct regional characteristics and styles of the times, becoming the representative of the first peak period in the history of the development of prehistoric jade in China. For example, the jade dragon had a unique shape, and its image reflected the aesthetic and cultural meaning of the people at that time. - There was a certain evolution process in the shape of animal-shaped jade articles. The animal-type jade of the early Hongshan culture may have been lightly processed according to the shape of the stone. For example, a stone shaped like an eagle with natural holes, the ancestors of Hongshan used the eagle as the pattern to make or carve, which was relatively primitive. 2. ** The characteristics of the eye carving ** - The way the eyes were carved changed at different times. The eyes, nose, and mouth of the early animal-shaped jade were all carved into holes. Later, it developed into a Yang carving, which became a water drop eye, and then the word "minister". This change not only reflected the development of the production process, but also reflected the continuous improvement of the understanding level, production level, and aesthetic level of the Hongshan ancestors. ** 2. Craftsmanship ** 1. ** Early Craftsmanship ** - The earliest method of processing jade in Hongshan was to carry out shallow processing according to the shape of the stone. The production was relatively rough and simple. For example, the foundation of the stone was slightly processed, and the excess parts were knocked out to form the required shape. For example, the early eagle-shaped jade ware made more use of the original state of the stone, but only carried out some shallow processing. The eyes may be natural, and the nostrils were drilled after a little opening processing. 2. ** The development of the production process ** - With the development of society, the level of jade carving gradually improved, from being made to being polished, from the simple shape of the early stage to the fine carving of the later stage. For example, the eagle's head jade in the later period had its eyes carved in the sun, and the workmanship was much more exquisite. ** 3. Jade quality and color (refer to some unearthed and folk collections)** 1. ** Jade ** - There were Hongshan-style jade articles such as tremolite and Hetian jade. From some examples, it could be seen that the quality of the jade might undergo a qualitative change. For example, some jade articles were like ice, and there were cases where the quality of the jade underwent a complete qualitative change. 2. ** Seeping ** - For example, some topaz handed down from ancient times had a pleated color (light yellow, like maroon), and there were traces of milky white weathered layers. Moreover, the color of different jade articles might be different. These colors also became one of the reference factors for judging the age, authenticity, and appreciation of jade articles. The number of jade articles in Hongshan culture was relatively small. The characteristic of "only jade was buried" in high-level tombs showed the lofty status of jade articles at that time. When appreciating, many factors needed to be considered. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Jade ware of Hongshan in western Liaoning
The jade culture of the Hongshan culture was the embodiment of the collective wisdom of the ancestors of the Hongshan culture. It was reflected in the privilege of the primitive tribal leaders to respect jade. Hongshan jade was the original code of the hieroglyph of the Chinese civilization, which was the systematic primitive hieroglyph. Its shape, use position, and arrangement created the basic hieroglyph original code of the hieroglyph. It interacted with the writing elements in the prehistoric culture of China, and finally created Chinese hieroglyph such as oracle bone inscriptions, gold inscriptions, and stone inscriptions during the Xia and Shang Dynasties. The Shang royal family was the descendant of the Hongshan culture. The types of burial jade found in the Niuheliang site group include nephrite (Xiuyan jade) and jadeite (Siberian jade). Jade articles of the Hongshan culture had their own characteristics. For example, although they were hard and could be made into labor tools such as jade sickles and combat weapons such as jade knives and jade axes, they could also be eroded by soil, bitten by insects, and fossilized in acidic soil. The animal type of Hongshan jade ware had insect bite marks in the shape of a semi-circular curve with some spirals. Calcification was caused by the serious oxidization of the ancient jade, which might be related to the buried soil. Natural weathering was a change in both the inside and outside, which was different from artificial forgery. During the Hongshan culture period, the production of jade seemed to follow the principle of using local materials to make jade. It was based on the shape of the material itself to decide what was suitable for making, rather than randomly making it. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Jade Bird's Character of Hongshan Culture
Some of the jade birds of Hongshan culture only have a rough outline. In Hongshan culture, there were also rare jade bird-shaped jade ornaments. The side of the jade bird was shaped like a jade bird with large round eyes, a long beak, a feather crown on the head, and its limbs were ground out with a hollowing technique. The body was carved with grid patterns and parallel lines to create a posture of folding wings and standing upright. The Hongshan culture jade focused on the shape of animals. Although the carving technique was simple, it was possible to carve the animal's image vividly with a few knives. The jade bird might also have such characteristics. "The Crow's Testimony" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to read it!
Hongshan culture jade, bird dragon complex
Jade Bird Dragons existed in Hongshan culture. It had a bird-like beak, large round eyes, a thin-edged axe-shaped spine, and a curved tail that was not sealed. The surface of the object was in the shape of a chicken bone. There were no " windows ", and the jade inside was unknown. The carving method of this Jade Bird Dragon was a typical Hongshan culture craft. The formation of the large and small holes was also similar to the drilling process of the Hongshan culture. However, the doubtful point was that the white state of the chicken bone was not smooth enough, and it was suspected to be fake. From the overall perspective of the jade ware of Hongshan culture, the jade pig dragon of Hongshan culture had many shapes, such as jade bear dragon, jade bird dragon and other "dragons" that imitated animals. These all reflected the variety and unique craftsmanship of the jade ware of Hongshan culture. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
A summary of the study of jade articles in Hongshan culture
The Hongshan culture jade was a jade found in the ruins of the Hongshan culture in China's Neolith Age. It was the main type of Hongshan culture. The origin of Chinese traditional etiquette could be traced back to the Hongshan culture about 5500 - 5000 years ago. The Hongshan cultural site was discovered in Inner Mongolia at the beginning of the last century and named in 1954. The Niuheliang site in Chaoyang, Liaoning Province was the most important archaeological discovery. The Niuheliang site covered an area of 50 square kilometers. There were sacrificial and tomb remains such as altars, temples and graves. Jade articles with typical regional characteristics and era styles were unearthed. Jade people, jade phoenixes, jade dragons and other jade articles were confirmed. It was the representative of the first peak period in the development history of prehistoric jade articles in China. So far, only a few hundred pieces of jade from the Hongshan culture had been recognized, but high-level tombs had the characteristic of "only jade for burial", which showed the lofty status of jade. In the animal-shaped jade of Hongshan culture, the carving method of eyes could be divided into early, middle and late stages. In the early stage, it was carved into holes, later it was carved into water-drop eyes, and later it was the word minister. The earliest method of jade processing in Hongshan was to process according to the shape of the stone. With the development of society, the level of aesthetics and productivity increased. Jade carving developed from making to polishing. The carving of eyes also evolved from the hole type to the water drop type, the bead type, the triangle, and then the word minister. This reflected the progress of human civilization. The cracks on the Hongshan culture jade ware were also evidence of authenticity. They could be divided into jade cracks and ice cracks. The formation of jade cracks was related to the pressure, temperature, humidity, and so on. Soil substances would seep into the cracks and leave traces. The ice cracks might have formed on the jade in the shallow soil layer due to the effect of light and heat, and they were relatively dense and small. To identify the authenticity of the crack, one could see whether the patina and the color were the same as the jade body, whether the crack was a straight line, whether the stubble was a stubble, and so on. In terms of recent archaeological achievements, more than 100 pieces of Hongshan culture jade articles were unearthed at the Yuanbao Mountain Stone-Grave site in Aohan Banner. The unearthed jade materials, drill cores, jade fragments, etc. provided rich information for the study of the processing technology of Hongshan culture jade articles, the source and use of jade materials, etc. A total of 1400 square meters were excavated, 21 tombs were cleared, and more than 200 relics of various types were unearthed. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Spiritual Connotation of Jade Artifacts in Hongshan Culture
The jade ware of Hongshan culture has many spiritual meanings. Firstly, jade was a symbol of good morality. Jade culture had a long history in China and was extremely stable. It was accompanied by Chinese culture. Secondly, jade was the embodiment of spiritual beliefs. During the Hongshan culture period, the jade ritual system was established. Jade articles became an important symbol of social class, social class, and identity. They were endowed with heavy social attributes and spiritual meanings, and were widely used in religious and sacrificial activities. They were divine artifacts that communicated between humans and gods. Thirdly, jade represented the pursuit of happiness by the ancestors. The jade ware of Hongshan culture embodied the aesthetic taste and ideology of the ancestors at that time, condensed human wisdom, and expressed the relationship between man and nature, gods and ancestors. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>