Power supply for the smallest system of the single-chip computer
The smallest 51 single-chip system usually used a 5V or 3.3V power supply. The development board could be connected to the computer through the USB data cable (USB to TTL interface) to obtain power supply. The power supply was generally 5V or 3.3V. When a novice learned, he could directly connect the development board to the computer without looking for a transformer. Read more exciting novels for free
Design of 12V numerical control power supply for single-chip computer
Will the power supply of the single-chip computer board burn out if it is short-circuited?
When the power supply of the single-chip computer board was short-circuited, it might burn the single-chip computer. If 3.3V and gnd were short-circuited, the tester would detect a buzzing sound. This did not necessarily mean a short-circuit, but it was possible. There were many condensers, microcontrollers, and possible interface chips between 3.3V and gnd. Any short circuit would cause a short circuit between 3.3V and gnd. During the inspection, the 3.3V related to the chip can be removed and measured again to see if the chip is short-circuited. If it is short-circuited, the chip can be disassembled to measure the resistance between the chip's 3.3V and the ground. You can also measure the voltage of the microchip by welding one of the feet of the microchip's voltage. If the voltage is still connected to the voltage, the microchip may be damaged. In this case, the microchip may need to be replaced. If you are using the smallest system board such as the K60, you can change your own single-chip computer or send it back to the manufacturer for replacement. In addition, pay attention to static electricity protection during welding, otherwise static electricity may break through the chip and cause damage. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The difference between a micro computer system and a single chip computer
There were differences between the concept, structure, characteristics, and applications of a microchip system and a single-chip computer: - ** Concept **: A micro computer system is an entity that is based on the hardware system of a micro computer and is equipped with the necessary external devices and software. A single chip is a computer system integrated into a chip, which is equivalent to a micro computer. Compared to a computer, it only lacks I/O devices. - ** In terms of structure **: Microcomputers are based on microprocessors, coupled with internal memory, input and output interface circuits, and corresponding auxiliary circuits. Single-chip processors use ultra-large-scale integrated circuit technology to integrate the functions of the central processing unit CPU, random access memory, read-only memory, and so on on into a piece of chip to form a small and complete micro-computer system. - ** In terms of characteristics **: Microcomputers are small, flexible, cheap, and easy to use. Single-chip computers are even smaller. The internal chip as a computer system has a simple structure, but it has complete functions and is easy to use. It can be applied in a module. It has high integration and high reliability. - ** In terms of applications **: Microcomputers are mainly used in mechanical manufacturing technology, information processing, processing, transmission technology, automatic control technology, servo-drive technology, sensor technology, software technology, etc. Single-chip processors are mainly used in automated office, mechatronics, cutting-edge weapons and national defense military fields, aerospace fields, vehicle electronic equipment, medical equipment fields, commercial marketing equipment, computer communication, household appliances fields, daily life and real-time control fields, etc. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
How to connect the single-chip computer to the power control button?
One way was to use a single button to control the power switch circuit of the single-chip computer, and use a touch switch button combined with the software control of the single-chip computer to realize the "on" and "off" of the single-chip computer power supply. The specific connection was as follows: 1. The light touch switch S1 was the switch button, which was connected to the relevant circuit of the single-chip computer. S1 - check was connected to the I/O of the single-chip computer, and it could determine whether S1 was pressed by detecting its level state. Control was also connected to the I/O of the single-chip computer, and it could be used to control the "on" and "off" of the power supply. There was also a switch S2. When the single-chip computer crashed and the program ran out, S2 could be used to forcibly shut down. 2. The Power output in the circuit was the power output, which was connected to the main circuit of the single-chip computer. 3. When turning on, press the light touch switch S1, the gate of the Ruoyun tube Q3 is directly connected to the positive pole of the battery, Q3 is turned on, and S1 check is low; the battery voltage is connected to the gate of the Ruoyun tube Q2 through the node D1, Q2 is turned on, the gate of the Ruoyun tube Q1 is pulled down, Q1 is turned on, the power supply is turned on, and the single-chip computer is powered up to begin the initialisation. After the single-chip computer completes its initialisation, it will detect that S1 check is still in a low voltage state. If it judges that S1 is pressed down, it will control the Control terminal to output a high voltage level, so that Q2 will maintain a stable conducting state, thus ensuring that Q1 is also in a stable conducting state, and the boot is completed. 4. When it is necessary to shut down, press switch S1 again to turn on Q3, and S1 check is low. After a period of delay, if the single-chip computer judges that S1 check is still low, it will judge that S1 is pressed and execute the shut down command. At this time, the program saved all the data, turned off the interrupt, and then pressed the low level to turn off Q2, which in turn controlled Q1 to turn off and cut off the power "main switch". In this circuit, one needed to pay attention to the coordination of the program, especially in the aspect of delay detection, and also pay attention to the anti-interference ability of the circuit. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
single-chip computer programming tutorial
The following is a basic tutorial written on a single-chip computer: ##1. Initial preparations 1. ** Choose the model of the single-chip computer and the development board ** - According to your learning goals and interests, you can choose models suitable for beginners such as the 51 single-chip processor and STM32. Buy a development board that contains the model of the selected single-chip computer, and prepare the necessary accessories, such as USB to serial port module, LED lights, buzzers, etc. 2. ** Installs the Integrated Development environment ** - For example, 51 MCUs may use Keil, and STM32 may use STM32 CubeID. 3. ** Driver configuration ** - According to the requirements of the development board, the necessary drivers were installed. For example, the development board that uses ST-Link requires the ST-Link driver to be installed. The specific operation may include inserting the driver into the computer, opening the computer device manager to check if the installation was successful, and so on. ##2. Learning to program 1. ** Basic programming ** - Learn how to write and compile a single-chip computer program using the IDE. This included understanding programming languages. Single-chip processors usually used C or assembly language for programming. Beginners were advised to start with C. Familiarize yourself with the operation interface of the IDE, such as how to create a project, how to add source files, etc. 2. ** Simple experimental programming ** - He started writing programs from simple experiments, such as lighting up LED lights, controlling the sound of the buzz, and so on. These simple experiments helped to understand the basic operation of the single-chip computer. To light up the LED lights as an example, you need to understand the settings of the general input and output port (CPU) of the single-chip computer. You need to control the level state of the pins through programming to achieve the lighting or extinguishing of the LED. - When writing code, you must follow the programming specifications and grammar requirements of the selected single-chip computer. For example, in the C language, one had to correctly define variable types, functions, etc. 3. ** Advanced experimental programming ** - As his understanding of the single-chip computer deepened, he tried more complicated experimental programming, such as using ADC (Analogy to Digital Conversion) modules to read the simulated signal, using Pulse width Modulation (Pulse width Modulation) to control the motor speed, and so on. This required a deeper understanding of the other functional modules of the single-chip computer, such as the programming application of timers, interrupt systems, etc. ##3. Search for Tuors and Resources 1. ** Online tutorial ** - Find online tutorial and videos about MCUs on platforms such as Bilibili and CSPD blog. These courses and videos might include basic to advanced programming knowledge, real-life case studies, and so on. 2. ** Book Learning ** - Read classic books about single-chip processors, such as "51 Single-Chip Computer Development from Entry to Proficiency","STM32F10x Series Arm Cortex-M3 Microcontroller Development Guide", etc., to obtain more systematic and in-depth programming knowledge from the books. ##4. Practicing Program 1. ** Project Design ** - Try designing a small project, such as using a microchip to control a smart home device or making a simple robot. When designing a project, one had to plan the functional requirements, hardware selection, software architecture, and so on. 2. ** Project Realization ** - Translate the design into an actual product, write the corresponding program code to realize the project function, and test and debugged it. In this process, various problems may be encountered, such as hardware circuit connection problems, program logic errors, etc., which need to be solved by debugging tools and methods. For example, he could use the single-chip computer's interface to set breakpoints and view variable values in the IDE. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Development of Single-Chip Computer Scale
The following are the general steps and key points of the development of the single-chip electronic scale: ** 1. Hardwares ** 1. ** Main control chip selection ** - He could choose a more common chip like the 8051 single-chip computer. It had 4KB of internal program memory (Scalable), 128-Byte internal data memory (Scalable), multiple bi-directional parallel input/output ports, and other resources to meet the basic control and data processing needs of the electronic scale. - It also has the advantages of low working voltage, low power consumption, strong driving ability, etc. For example, its I/O port is bi-directional and the output circuit is a complementary push-pull output circuit. The external circuit is simple in driving the digital tube display, and its A/D is 10 bits to meet certain precision requirements. 2. ** Sensing and signal processing ** - The sensor was used to obtain physical quantities such as weight. For example, using a pressure sensor to detect the weight of an object usually required a special signal processing chip, such as the HX711 for processing pressure signals (range 0 - 5kg, accuracy 0.1 g). 3. ** display module ** - The 1602 LCD module was used to display the date, time, weight and other information. It was necessary to connect the single-chip computer to the 1602 liquid crystal, including the connection of the data port and the control port. The software programming was also used to initiate and write data into the 1602 liquid crystal. 4. ** Clock module (option)** - If you need to record time-related information, you can use the DS1302 clock chip. It could provide accurate date and time information for the electronic scale. The microchip needed to communicate with it through the corresponding interface circuit to read and set the time. 5. ** Communication module (option)** - If you want to upload the data to the PC display, you can use the 232 serial communication. The single-chip computer had to set up the serial port, including the configuration of baudrate, data bit, stop bit, and other parameters to achieve stable data transmission with the PC. 6. ** Power Circuit ** - It provided a stable power source for the entire system. It was necessary to design a suitable power supply circuit according to the voltage requirements of the selected chip and other electronic components. For example, a voltage stabilizing chip was used to convert the input voltage to a stable 5V or 3.3V voltage to meet the power supply requirements of the single-chip computer, sensor, display module, etc. ** 2. Software ** 1. ** Selection of programming language ** - If you use the 8051 single-chip computer, you can generally use assembly language or C language for programming. For beginners, C language was relatively easier to understand and write complex program logic. - For the PIC-based single-chip computer, you can also use the C language or its specific programming language, but you should pay attention to the differences between the 8051 single-chip computer and the 8051 single-chip computer in terms of instruction set and register usage. 2. ** Program Function Realization ** - ** Initialize settings **: Initialize the ports, timers, and interrupt of the single-chip computer. For example, set the port connected to the sensor to the input mode and the port connected to the display module to the output mode; Initialize the timer to meet the timing requirements (if there is a timing function requirement); Configure the interrupt (if the interrupt is needed to process the sensor data collection or other events). - ** Data Collection **: Obtain weight and other data from the sensor through programming. If the HX711 was used to process the pressure signal, it was necessary to read the processed pressure data (weight data) from the HX711 according to the communication protocol of the HX711 and convert it into an actual weight value. - ** Data processing **: To process the collected data, such as filtering to reduce errors caused by sensor noise. Simple arithmetic average filtering or other filtering algorithms can be used. - ** Show Function **: Show the processed weight, date, time and other data on the 1602 LCD. This required writing the corresponding display function according to the display specifications of the 1602 liquid crystal, converting the data into a format suitable for display and sending it to the liquid crystal display module. - ** Communication function (option)**: If there is a serial communication function, write a serial communication program to send the data to the PC in the agreed format. This included the packaging and verification of the serial port data to ensure the accuracy of the data transmission. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Principle and application of single-chip computer
The books related to " Principles and applications of single-chip microcomputers " were published by the Machinery Industry Press in 2011, and the books published by Xu Chunhui and the Electronic Industry Press in 2013. This course might start with an introduction to the basic structure and working principle of a microchip. For example, the AT89S51 single-chip computer would be used as an example to explain the structure, working principle, and application of a single-chip computer. It would focus on the combination of basics and practicality. He would start with the basic logic circuits and explain the basic principles of microcomputers. He would also explain the basic concepts, theories, and methods through rich examples. Keil Vision and Proteus might be introduced, equipped with rich classroom demonstration examples, and the laboratory would be moved into the classroom. The sample programming may use both assembly language and C language to facilitate the reader's learning. It may also provide electronic coursewares, problem solving, and teaching guides. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
single-chip computer subdividing circuit
Microchip micro-circuits have an important application in the control of stepping motor. Taking the two-phase hybrid stepping motor as an example, its subdivision circuit can be constructed by combining integrated chips and separate components, such as the two-phase hybrid stepping motor's self-adapting subdivision drive circuit designed based on the AT89C51 single-chip computer. In the step motor fine control, the fine division technology was a kind of electronic damp technology. The purpose was to improve the operation accuracy of the motor and achieve high-precision fine division of the step angle. For example, in the driving state of two phases and four beats, when the control system does not subdivide, each step pulse motor will rotate an inherent step angle (such as 10°), and when the subdividing driver works in the 10 subdividing state, the motor will only rotate 1°. The subdividing function was achieved by the driver or the single-chip processor by precisely controlling the phase current of the motor, and had nothing to do with the motor itself. There were many factors to consider when constructing a single-chip circuit: 1. ** Power supply related **: Make clear the differences between the labels of different power supplies, such as VRCs, VRCs, and VSSs. For example, VRCs are usually the power supply voltage of a Bipolar device. In an NPM circuit, it represents the power supply voltage connected to the collector. In a field effect circuit, it represents the power supply voltage connected to the drain. In a PPM circuit, it represents the power supply voltage connected to the transmitter. In a circuit with a PPM circuit, it represents the power supply ground or 0V, which is the reference point of the circuit. 2. ** Resistance selection **: - ** Pull-up Resistor **: The choice of the pull-up resistance needs to balance power consumption, driving ability, and circuit speed. In order to reduce power consumption and chip sink current, the resistance value should be as large as possible; in order to ensure sufficient drive current, the resistance value should be as small as possible; in high-speed circuits, an excessively large pull up resistance may make the signal edge smooth, usually between 1k Omega and 10k Omega. In the reset circuit, the resistance value is critical to the start-up of the single-chip computer. For example, when R1 = 10k Omega, it may cause the SSR pin to show a high level, causing the single-chip computer to continue to reset and not work normally. - ** Current limiting resistance **: For example, in an LED circuit, the current limiting resistance should be calculated according to the operating voltage, current range, and circuit voltage of the LED. If the power of the current limiting resistance is not selected properly, there may be problems. For example, in a circuit with an LED voltage drop of 3V, a total voltage of 96V, and a current limiting resistance of 5.1 Ohms, the calculated current is 18ma. However, if the current limiting resistance is 1206, the rated power is 0.25W, and the actual power is 1.7W, the circuit will have problems. 3. ** Condenser application **: There are two types of filter condensers: high frequency and low frequency. The high-frequency filter (usually 0.1 microF) is used to short-circuit the high-frequency noise protection circuit; the low-frequency filter (usually 100 microF) is used to filter out the low-frequency ripple and stabilize the power supply. It is usually installed next to the power interface or high-power components. 4. ** Usage of other components **: - ** Triode **: It has a variety of functions, such as switching function (by controlling the base current to switch between on and off), amplifying function (can amplify the base current by 100 times to drive a larger load), and level conversion function (used for communication between different levels). - ** Nixie tube **: By controlling the seven segments of A - G and the decimal point, it displays the number. It requires a matrix and a truth table to control the brightness of each segment to correspond to a specific number. - ** Key vibration treatment **: The operation of keys will cause vibration, which can be eliminated by software (delay 5 - 10ms after detecting the closed key and wait for the vibration to disappear before confirming the key state) or hardware (use the short-circuit effect of the high-frequency signal by the capacity). When the single-chip I/O port is not enough, the number of ports can be increased by expanding the chip such as the 74HC13838 translator to meet the design requirements of the subdivision circuit. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Crystal Circuit of 51 Single-Chip Computer
In the 51-bit single-chip computer, the crystal circuit was a crucial part of the peripheral circuit of the single-chip computer. From the perspective of pin connection, the 51 single-chip computer had two pins, XTAL1 and XTAL2, for connecting to the crystal oscillation (crystal resonant). These two pins were connected to an internal phase shifter of the MCUs to form a Pierce Oscillator with the external crystal oscillation. The working principle was that the Pierce Oscillator needed to meet the two conditions of 2k Pi loop phase shift and closed-loop gain of 1 in the ideal circuit form. The phase shifter provides a 180° phase shift for any frequency component and can be seen as a buffer. It is easy to obtain a loop gain of 1 by adjusting its output characteristics. However, this was not enough to start the vibration. The crystal itself was very important. Quartz crystals had a piezo electric effect. After processing, the Quartz Crystal Resonator (QCPR) could be represented by an ideal circuit model consisting of a L1 - C1 - R1 series resonant circuit plus a very small C0. The QPR was connected in parallel with the phase shifter to act as a frequency selection network. When it was powered on, it could be seen as a step signal being input into the output of the phase shifter. The QPR picked out the signal at the resonance point frequency. When the loop gain was 1, the circuit tended to be stable. In the crystal circuit, the common crystal frequencies were 4, 8, 11.0592, 12, etc. The crystal was used to provide a stable clock signal for the single-chip computer. All the instructions of the single-chip computer were based on this. The speed of the single-chip processor was related to the clock frequency provided by the crystal. The higher the clock frequency, the faster the single-chip processor would run. From the composition of the crystal circuit, it was composed of a Quartz crystal and a circuit. Together with the reset circuit, it ensured the stable operation of the single-chip system. The main function of the crystal circuit was to provide clock signals for the operation of various modules within the single-chip computer to ensure the correct execution of the program. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Single 5kva power supply
There were many types of power supplies that could be used for reference. For example, the Huatian CW5KVA was a regulated power supply with a rated power of 5KVA; the APC-UA power supply also had a 5KVA configuration, which included an apcups su5000uxich host, eight 12v100ah batteries (two groups, four batteries per group), an A8 battery cabinet, and a set of battery cables. The battery system formed by this configuration could provide 3750W equipment with delayed power supply for two hours. In addition, there was a mention of a 5kva variable frequency regulated power supply, but no more detailed information was given. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>