single-chip computer subdividing circuit
Microchip micro-circuits have an important application in the control of stepping motor. Taking the two-phase hybrid stepping motor as an example, its subdivision circuit can be constructed by combining integrated chips and separate components, such as the two-phase hybrid stepping motor's self-adapting subdivision drive circuit designed based on the AT89C51 single-chip computer. In the step motor fine control, the fine division technology was a kind of electronic damp technology. The purpose was to improve the operation accuracy of the motor and achieve high-precision fine division of the step angle. For example, in the driving state of two phases and four beats, when the control system does not subdivide, each step pulse motor will rotate an inherent step angle (such as 10°), and when the subdividing driver works in the 10 subdividing state, the motor will only rotate 1°. The subdividing function was achieved by the driver or the single-chip processor by precisely controlling the phase current of the motor, and had nothing to do with the motor itself. There were many factors to consider when constructing a single-chip circuit: 1. ** Power supply related **: Make clear the differences between the labels of different power supplies, such as VRCs, VRCs, and VSSs. For example, VRCs are usually the power supply voltage of a Bipolar device. In an NPM circuit, it represents the power supply voltage connected to the collector. In a field effect circuit, it represents the power supply voltage connected to the drain. In a PPM circuit, it represents the power supply voltage connected to the transmitter. In a circuit with a PPM circuit, it represents the power supply ground or 0V, which is the reference point of the circuit. 2. ** Resistance selection **: - ** Pull-up Resistor **: The choice of the pull-up resistance needs to balance power consumption, driving ability, and circuit speed. In order to reduce power consumption and chip sink current, the resistance value should be as large as possible; in order to ensure sufficient drive current, the resistance value should be as small as possible; in high-speed circuits, an excessively large pull up resistance may make the signal edge smooth, usually between 1k Omega and 10k Omega. In the reset circuit, the resistance value is critical to the start-up of the single-chip computer. For example, when R1 = 10k Omega, it may cause the SSR pin to show a high level, causing the single-chip computer to continue to reset and not work normally. - ** Current limiting resistance **: For example, in an LED circuit, the current limiting resistance should be calculated according to the operating voltage, current range, and circuit voltage of the LED. If the power of the current limiting resistance is not selected properly, there may be problems. For example, in a circuit with an LED voltage drop of 3V, a total voltage of 96V, and a current limiting resistance of 5.1 Ohms, the calculated current is 18ma. However, if the current limiting resistance is 1206, the rated power is 0.25W, and the actual power is 1.7W, the circuit will have problems. 3. ** Condenser application **: There are two types of filter condensers: high frequency and low frequency. The high-frequency filter (usually 0.1 microF) is used to short-circuit the high-frequency noise protection circuit; the low-frequency filter (usually 100 microF) is used to filter out the low-frequency ripple and stabilize the power supply. It is usually installed next to the power interface or high-power components. 4. ** Usage of other components **: - ** Triode **: It has a variety of functions, such as switching function (by controlling the base current to switch between on and off), amplifying function (can amplify the base current by 100 times to drive a larger load), and level conversion function (used for communication between different levels). - ** Nixie tube **: By controlling the seven segments of A - G and the decimal point, it displays the number. It requires a matrix and a truth table to control the brightness of each segment to correspond to a specific number. - ** Key vibration treatment **: The operation of keys will cause vibration, which can be eliminated by software (delay 5 - 10ms after detecting the closed key and wait for the vibration to disappear before confirming the key state) or hardware (use the short-circuit effect of the high-frequency signal by the capacity). When the single-chip I/O port is not enough, the number of ports can be increased by expanding the chip such as the 74HC13838 translator to meet the design requirements of the subdivision circuit. Read more exciting novels for free
The Crystal Circuit of 51 Single-Chip Computer
In the 51-bit single-chip computer, the crystal circuit was a crucial part of the peripheral circuit of the single-chip computer. From the perspective of pin connection, the 51 single-chip computer had two pins, XTAL1 and XTAL2, for connecting to the crystal oscillation (crystal resonant). These two pins were connected to an internal phase shifter of the MCUs to form a Pierce Oscillator with the external crystal oscillation. The working principle was that the Pierce Oscillator needed to meet the two conditions of 2k Pi loop phase shift and closed-loop gain of 1 in the ideal circuit form. The phase shifter provides a 180° phase shift for any frequency component and can be seen as a buffer. It is easy to obtain a loop gain of 1 by adjusting its output characteristics. However, this was not enough to start the vibration. The crystal itself was very important. Quartz crystals had a piezo electric effect. After processing, the Quartz Crystal Resonator (QCPR) could be represented by an ideal circuit model consisting of a L1 - C1 - R1 series resonant circuit plus a very small C0. The QPR was connected in parallel with the phase shifter to act as a frequency selection network. When it was powered on, it could be seen as a step signal being input into the output of the phase shifter. The QPR picked out the signal at the resonance point frequency. When the loop gain was 1, the circuit tended to be stable. In the crystal circuit, the common crystal frequencies were 4, 8, 11.0592, 12, etc. The crystal was used to provide a stable clock signal for the single-chip computer. All the instructions of the single-chip computer were based on this. The speed of the single-chip processor was related to the clock frequency provided by the crystal. The higher the clock frequency, the faster the single-chip processor would run. From the composition of the crystal circuit, it was composed of a Quartz crystal and a circuit. Together with the reset circuit, it ensured the stable operation of the single-chip system. The main function of the crystal circuit was to provide clock signals for the operation of various modules within the single-chip computer to ensure the correct execution of the program. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Simulation circuit diagram of the single-chip computer
The following are several examples of simulation circuits related to single-chip processors: - In the ESP32 and Arduino single-chip simulation (such as the website of the website, the simulation circuit that lights up the LED light needs to add an LED light and a current limiting resistance. The negative pole of the LED lamp was connected to the GND pin of the single-chip development board, the positive pole was connected in series with the current limiting resistance, and the other end of the current limiting resistance was connected to the No. 2 pin of the development board. - For the simulation circuit of the steering gear control, add the steering gear in the hardware circuit (the steering gear has three pins, namely, the voltage regulator, the voltage regulator, and the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, and the voltage regulator is connected to the positive pole of the power supply). Then, connect the steering gear to the single-chip computer (if you use the Arduino single-chip computer, you can choose a pin with a "~" to output the voltage regulator signal. In this project, pin 3 is selected as the voltage regulator output pin). - If the simulation uses L298 to drive the direct current motor, the circuit includes the L298N chip (this is a dedicated driver integrated circuit, belonging to the H bridge integrated circuit), the display part uses the PG 160128A (the liquid crystal display dot matrix is 160X128), the input device is a 4X4 matrix keyboard, and it may also include measurement tools such as a virtual scope. The positive and negative rotation of the motor can be controlled by the P1.0 pin of the single-chip computer. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
stm32 single-chip computer USB download program circuit
There were two ways to download the STM32 program. One was based on JTAG (SWD). This method required an simulator (such as J-Link and U-Link) to efficiently and quickly debugged the STM32 single-chip system. The other was based on serial port. The entire STM32 series supported this method. This method could download the HEX file to the STM32 chip through a USB cable and the corresponding ISP download software. In order to download the circuit through the serial port, one must first understand the several boot modes of the STM32. If you want to download the code through the serial port, you need to set BOOT0 to 1 and BOOT1 to 0. If you want the STM32 to run the code as soon as it is reset, you need to set BOOT0 to 0 and BOOT1 to any value. A circuit could be designed to control the one-button download circuit through the serial port to USB chip CH340G's DTL #and RTS#pin signals, thereby indirectly controlling the STM32's RESET and BOOT0 pin signals, achieving the effect of one-button download and operation through the serial port. The serial port download software can choose MCUSP, which can automatically allocate the BOOT0 and RESET signals through the DTL and RTS signals of the serial port. The user does not need to manually switch the state. Open MCUIsp, click Search serial port, and it will automatically find the onboard serial port of the circuit board. Choose the baudrate of 460800 in the bit rate, select the low level reset of DTL in the lower left corner, and then load the burn file into BootLoader at RTS high level. Before the program was written, click to read the device information. If the relevant information appeared, it meant that the serial port connection of the circuit board was successful. Then click to start programming, and the program began to be written. After the program was successfully written, a message indicating that the program was successfully written would appear. The specific process was as follows: mcuisp controls the DTL output to be low, so DTL #output is high. Then RTS is set to high, so RTS#output is low, so Q3 is turned on and BOOT0 is pulled high. At the same time, Q2 will also be turned on, and the reset pin of STM32 will be pulled low to achieve a reset. Then, after a delay of 100ms, mcuisp controls DTL to be at high level, DTL #will output low level, RTS will remain at high level, RTS#will continue to be at low level. At this time, the reset pin of STM32 will become high level because Q2 is no longer connected. STM32 will end the reset, but BOOT0 will still remain at 1, thus entering the SP mode. Then mcuisp can start to connect to STM32 and download the code, thus realizing one-click download. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Single-Chip Coupled Circuit Diagram
As for the single-chip coupled circuit, in some electrical control products, the input circuit part involved coupling-related content. For example, when the various control signals of traditional electrical equipment are converted into digital signals that match the input/output port of the single-chip computer, the control signals input by the user equipment to the single-chip computer (such as the switch output of the limit switch, the operation button, etc.) are converted through the input circuit, where the input circuit has a coupling-related function. There was also the circuit diagram of the optical coupler-driven relay in the circuit of the single-chip drive relay. The optical coupler-driven relay played a role in the circuit, but the specific circuit diagram needed to be consulted in special documents, such as the circuit diagram of the optical coupler-driven relay (optical coupler/UL2803/switch circuit) and other related information. In addition, the document on the design method of the commonly used drive and coupled circuit of the single-chip I/O for the characteristics of electrical control products may have more detailed design content about the single-chip coupled circuit, but it did not directly give a detailed circuit diagram. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
single-chip dual controllable silicon circuit
This is just a term," single-chip dual controllable silicon circuit." There's no more information, such as its principle, function, application scenarios, etc. Can you give me some additional content? This way, I can make recommendations according to the requirements. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
single-chip control 5v relay circuit
The following are some of the main points of the 5V relay circuit controlled by the single-chip computer: ** 1. In terms of hardware connection ** 1. ** Connection between the pins of the single-chip computer and the relay ** - The output pin of the microchip needed to be connected to the control end of the relay. For example, in a common 51-bit single-chip computer, if the STC89C52 single-chip computer is used, one of its output pins (such as a pin of the P1 port) can be connected to the control input pin of the relay module. Relays generally have two ends of the coil, one end connected to the output pin of the microchip, and the other end connected to the ground or power supply (according to the circuit design of the relay module). 2. ** Power supply ** - The 5V relay required a 5V power supply. You can use the same 5V power supply as the single-chip computer, but pay attention to whether the power of the power supply can meet the needs of both. If the power supply is insufficient, it may cause the relay to not work properly or the single-chip processor to operate unstably. - In order to prevent the relay from interfering with the power supply of the single-chip computer, it may be necessary to consider power isolation. For example, the use of optical isolation or relay driver chips could isolate the power supply of the single-chip processor and the relay to ensure the stability and reliability of the signal transmission. 3. ** Protective Circuit ** - In order to prevent current surges, a suitable current limiting resistance or induction could be added to the control end of the relay. Because the relay may produce a large current impact at the moment of switching, this may affect other components such as the power supply and the single-chip computer. By adding these components, the current can be smoothly controlled. - In order to reduce the electromagnetic interference generated by the relay at the moment of switching on and off, a suitable filter circuit could be added to the control end and power supply end of the relay to limit the transmission of electromagnetic noise. ** 2. Program Control ** 1. ** Initialize ** - In the program of the single-chip computer, the port connected to the control pin of the relay must first be initialized. If you use the C language programming of the 51 single-chip computer, you may need to set the corresponding register to set the control pin to the output mode. For example, when using a pin of the P1 port, the relevant register of the P1 port must be set. 2. ** Control logic ** - When the relay needs to be controlled, the high and low levels are output to the control pin through the single-chip computer program. For example, the output of a high level causes the relay to be pulled in (if the relay is triggered by a high level), and the output of a low level causes the relay to be disconnected. The specific logic needed to be written according to the type of relay (such as high level trigger or low level trigger) and the actual control requirements. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
single-chip computer programming tutorial
The following is a basic tutorial written on a single-chip computer: ##1. Initial preparations 1. ** Choose the model of the single-chip computer and the development board ** - According to your learning goals and interests, you can choose models suitable for beginners such as the 51 single-chip processor and STM32. Buy a development board that contains the model of the selected single-chip computer, and prepare the necessary accessories, such as USB to serial port module, LED lights, buzzers, etc. 2. ** Installs the Integrated Development environment ** - For example, 51 MCUs may use Keil, and STM32 may use STM32 CubeID. 3. ** Driver configuration ** - According to the requirements of the development board, the necessary drivers were installed. For example, the development board that uses ST-Link requires the ST-Link driver to be installed. The specific operation may include inserting the driver into the computer, opening the computer device manager to check if the installation was successful, and so on. ##2. Learning to program 1. ** Basic programming ** - Learn how to write and compile a single-chip computer program using the IDE. This included understanding programming languages. Single-chip processors usually used C or assembly language for programming. Beginners were advised to start with C. Familiarize yourself with the operation interface of the IDE, such as how to create a project, how to add source files, etc. 2. ** Simple experimental programming ** - He started writing programs from simple experiments, such as lighting up LED lights, controlling the sound of the buzz, and so on. These simple experiments helped to understand the basic operation of the single-chip computer. To light up the LED lights as an example, you need to understand the settings of the general input and output port (CPU) of the single-chip computer. You need to control the level state of the pins through programming to achieve the lighting or extinguishing of the LED. - When writing code, you must follow the programming specifications and grammar requirements of the selected single-chip computer. For example, in the C language, one had to correctly define variable types, functions, etc. 3. ** Advanced experimental programming ** - As his understanding of the single-chip computer deepened, he tried more complicated experimental programming, such as using ADC (Analogy to Digital Conversion) modules to read the simulated signal, using Pulse width Modulation (Pulse width Modulation) to control the motor speed, and so on. This required a deeper understanding of the other functional modules of the single-chip computer, such as the programming application of timers, interrupt systems, etc. ##3. Search for Tuors and Resources 1. ** Online tutorial ** - Find online tutorial and videos about MCUs on platforms such as Bilibili and CSPD blog. These courses and videos might include basic to advanced programming knowledge, real-life case studies, and so on. 2. ** Book Learning ** - Read classic books about single-chip processors, such as "51 Single-Chip Computer Development from Entry to Proficiency","STM32F10x Series Arm Cortex-M3 Microcontroller Development Guide", etc., to obtain more systematic and in-depth programming knowledge from the books. ##4. Practicing Program 1. ** Project Design ** - Try designing a small project, such as using a microchip to control a smart home device or making a simple robot. When designing a project, one had to plan the functional requirements, hardware selection, software architecture, and so on. 2. ** Project Realization ** - Translate the design into an actual product, write the corresponding program code to realize the project function, and test and debugged it. In this process, various problems may be encountered, such as hardware circuit connection problems, program logic errors, etc., which need to be solved by debugging tools and methods. For example, he could use the single-chip computer's interface to set breakpoints and view variable values in the IDE. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Development of Single-Chip Computer Scale
The following are the general steps and key points of the development of the single-chip electronic scale: ** 1. Hardwares ** 1. ** Main control chip selection ** - He could choose a more common chip like the 8051 single-chip computer. It had 4KB of internal program memory (Scalable), 128-Byte internal data memory (Scalable), multiple bi-directional parallel input/output ports, and other resources to meet the basic control and data processing needs of the electronic scale. - It also has the advantages of low working voltage, low power consumption, strong driving ability, etc. For example, its I/O port is bi-directional and the output circuit is a complementary push-pull output circuit. The external circuit is simple in driving the digital tube display, and its A/D is 10 bits to meet certain precision requirements. 2. ** Sensing and signal processing ** - The sensor was used to obtain physical quantities such as weight. For example, using a pressure sensor to detect the weight of an object usually required a special signal processing chip, such as the HX711 for processing pressure signals (range 0 - 5kg, accuracy 0.1 g). 3. ** display module ** - The 1602 LCD module was used to display the date, time, weight and other information. It was necessary to connect the single-chip computer to the 1602 liquid crystal, including the connection of the data port and the control port. The software programming was also used to initiate and write data into the 1602 liquid crystal. 4. ** Clock module (option)** - If you need to record time-related information, you can use the DS1302 clock chip. It could provide accurate date and time information for the electronic scale. The microchip needed to communicate with it through the corresponding interface circuit to read and set the time. 5. ** Communication module (option)** - If you want to upload the data to the PC display, you can use the 232 serial communication. The single-chip computer had to set up the serial port, including the configuration of baudrate, data bit, stop bit, and other parameters to achieve stable data transmission with the PC. 6. ** Power Circuit ** - It provided a stable power source for the entire system. It was necessary to design a suitable power supply circuit according to the voltage requirements of the selected chip and other electronic components. For example, a voltage stabilizing chip was used to convert the input voltage to a stable 5V or 3.3V voltage to meet the power supply requirements of the single-chip computer, sensor, display module, etc. ** 2. Software ** 1. ** Selection of programming language ** - If you use the 8051 single-chip computer, you can generally use assembly language or C language for programming. For beginners, C language was relatively easier to understand and write complex program logic. - For the PIC-based single-chip computer, you can also use the C language or its specific programming language, but you should pay attention to the differences between the 8051 single-chip computer and the 8051 single-chip computer in terms of instruction set and register usage. 2. ** Program Function Realization ** - ** Initialize settings **: Initialize the ports, timers, and interrupt of the single-chip computer. For example, set the port connected to the sensor to the input mode and the port connected to the display module to the output mode; Initialize the timer to meet the timing requirements (if there is a timing function requirement); Configure the interrupt (if the interrupt is needed to process the sensor data collection or other events). - ** Data Collection **: Obtain weight and other data from the sensor through programming. If the HX711 was used to process the pressure signal, it was necessary to read the processed pressure data (weight data) from the HX711 according to the communication protocol of the HX711 and convert it into an actual weight value. - ** Data processing **: To process the collected data, such as filtering to reduce errors caused by sensor noise. Simple arithmetic average filtering or other filtering algorithms can be used. - ** Show Function **: Show the processed weight, date, time and other data on the 1602 LCD. This required writing the corresponding display function according to the display specifications of the 1602 liquid crystal, converting the data into a format suitable for display and sending it to the liquid crystal display module. - ** Communication function (option)**: If there is a serial communication function, write a serial communication program to send the data to the PC in the agreed format. This included the packaging and verification of the serial port data to ensure the accuracy of the data transmission. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The computer turned black after connecting to the single-chip computer.
There may be the following reasons and solutions for the black screen after the computer is connected to the single-chip computer: 1. ** USB-to-serial driver problem **: If you use the USB-to-serial cable to connect the computer and the single-chip computer, the USB to serial driver may have a problem and cause a black screen. It is recommended to try changing the driver. The USB connection must be disconnected during operation. 2. ** Driver conflicts **: If you are using the Windows system, sometimes a new hardware driver may cause conflicts. You can go to the device manager to check if there are any devices with yellow exclamation marks and try to update the relevant drivers. 3. ** Too much current **: The temporary crash caused by the excessive current during the single-chip computer burning process may also cause the computer to turn black. Before downloading, check if the power supply is stable or try to reduce the download speed. 4. ** Connection unstable **: The USB to serial cable connection is unstable, or the driver is not installed properly. He tried to pull and plug the wire to make sure the contact was good. If the computer has multiple USB ports, try switching to another one. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What is the name of the motor in the 51 single-chip computer?
In the 51 single-chip computer, the motor was called a direct current motor. The direct current motor was a type of motor that was controlled by the pulse width regulation (Pulse Pulse Duration Modulation) technology in the application of the 51 single-chip computer. The structure of the direct current motor in the 51 single-chip computer system was composed of two parts: the stators (including the base, the main magnetic pole, the reversing pole, the end cover, the bearings, the brush device, etc.) and the rotors (including the rotating shaft, the armatures, the armatures, and the fans). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>