The Principle of Controlling the Circuit of the Dimmer Lamp with a Single Switch
The core technology of the dimming lamp was its built-in dimming circuit and sensing device. When a single-connected switch controls a dimmer, for dimmer lamps that adjust brightness by changing the current intensity (commonly used in incandescent lamps and halo lamps), the single-connected switch may adjust the current intensity by changing the resistance in the circuit, thus changing the brightness of the light; For dimmer lamps that control the brightness of the light by changing the current frequency (applicable to LED lamps and fluorescent lamps), the single-connected switch may change the frequency of the current through relevant circuit components to achieve the brightness of the light. At the same time, the dimming lamp can detect the change of the surrounding light or sound through infrared, light sensing or voice control sensors. The single-connected switch plays a role in coordinating with the circuit to achieve overall control in this process. For example, after the sensor detection conditions are met, the single-connected switch control circuit realizes the corresponding current intensity or frequency adjustment, thereby achieving the dimming effect. Read more exciting novels for free
Symbol of Single Pole Double Throw Switch in Circuit
The symbol of the single-pole double-throw switch in the circuit is a circle with a slot. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What is the principle of the single-phase half-wave controllable rectify circuit simulation experiment?
The single-phase half-wave controllable rectify circuit was mainly composed of a transformer, a crystal-controlled reactor, and a load resistance. When conducting simulation experiments, the principle was as follows: 1. * * Analysis of the switching state of the thyratron ** - In the positive half-wave of the power supply voltage (0-Pi interval), the thyratron bears the forward voltage, but before the pulse u_G triggers the thyratron at the control angle, the thyratron is turned off. At this time, there is no current flowing in the load r, the output voltage u_d is 0, and the voltage the thyratron bears is the power supply voltage u_{ZT}= u2. - When the thyratron is triggered at <<Omega>=<Alpha>>, the thyratron will start to conduct, forming a load current <i_d>>. There is an output voltage and current on the load. At this time, if the tube voltage drop is ignored, the voltage across the load is the secondary voltage of the transformer <u_2>>, and the wave form of the load current <i_L>> is similar to the wave form of <u_L>>. - At the moment of <<Omega>>, the power supply voltage naturally crosses zero, and the cascaded current is turned off when it is less than the sustaining current. The load current is zero. - In the negative half-wave of the power supply voltage (in the range of <Pi>-2<Pi>), the thyristors are in the off-state due to the reverse voltage. There is no output voltage on the load, and the load current is zero. 2. * * Effect of control angle and conducting angle on output ** - The electrical angle from the moment the controllable silicon begins to withstand the forward voltage to the time when the trigger is turned on is called the control angle. The electrical angle of the controllable silicon in a cycle is called the conducting angle. In a single-phase half-wave rectify circuit, the smaller the control angle, the larger the conducting angle, and the larger the average value of the load voltage and current. By changing the size of the control angle, the output voltage can be changed to achieve the purpose of voltage regulation. 3. * * Piecewise-linear Circuit Analysis ** - Using the switching characteristic of the thyratron, the non-linear circuit was transformed into a piecewise-linear circuit. In different intervals (such as the turn-off and turn-on stages of the thyratron), the circuit presented different linear characteristics, so the existing circuit theory could be used to analyze each stage separately. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Making 845 single-ended circuit
845 single-ended circuit production related content is as follows: 1. ** Route Description **: - High-voltage two-stage series voltage, 760V-bias voltage 85V, static current setting 100Ma, output about 22W. - The amplifier of the input stage 6Sn7 was directly connected to the next stage 6Sn7, and then the double capacity was connected to the next stage 6Sn7 (this stage was a double-tube parallel connection, and this stage had a negative pressure of-298V). It was directly passed to the 845 for A2 amplification, from-85V to the 845 grid, and then the screen pushed the output transformer TANG GO to complete the amplification. - The tubes used were 5U8CX2, 5Y3GBX2, 845X2, 6SSN7X4. - The materials used were first-class, including Electrolyzer MTubecap, 220UA/550V X8, 100UA/550V X8 Westcap, REALcap, and Power-initiator X3. 2. ** Power supply **: - Usually, when making a high-voltage big tube machine like the 845, the power supply was composed of two parts: the kilo-voltage power supply for the big tube and the hundred-voltage power supply for the front stage voltage amplifier. Generally, it was composed of two transformer winding, two rectify tubes, and two sets of filter circuits. However, if you wanted to reduce the volume and weight, you could try to make a voltage dividing circuit (R2 and R3) on the negative resistance of the power tube, and connect a de-coupling-out capacity on R3 in parallel to become the power supply for the voltage amplifier tube. R2 was the bias resistance of the power tube. It could be adjusted to adjust the bias current of the power tube. R3 and the voltage amplifier tube were in a split circuit relationship, and the sum of the current flowing through the voltage amplifier tube and R2 was equal to the current flowing through the power tube. The selection of the rectify tube should be based on actual needs. For thousands of volts, the rectify tube can be selected like 8 (the information here does not fully describe the selection of the rectify tube). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The principle diagram of the goose fish copper lamp
The Yanyu copper lamp was mainly composed of the head and neck of the goose, the body of the goose, the lamp plate, and the lamp cover. The principle was as follows: the goose neck and the goose body were connected by the mother-son mouth, and the fish body, the goose neck, and the body cavity were hollow and connected. When the lights were lit inside the fish, the smoke and exhaust gas would rise to the goose's neck and then be guided into the goose's body using the siphoning principle. Before lighting the copper lamp, the ancients would put some water into the belly of the wild goose (the body cavity of the lamp). After the smoke and exhaust gas produced after the lamp was lit entered the body of the wild goose, it would be diluted by the water to reduce or eliminate the pollution of indoor air, thus achieving environmental protection. One side of the lamp plate was attached with a lamp handle to control the lamp plate to rotate back and forth. There were two straight wall rings in the circular lamp plate. One straight wall ring was fixedly connected with the lamp plate in the form of a mother and son mouth, and the other straight wall ring was connected with two curved plates to form a lampshade that could be opened and closed left and right. It could not only block the wind, but also adjust the illumination of the light. The novel "Gilded Palm" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
single-chip computer subdividing circuit
Microchip micro-circuits have an important application in the control of stepping motor. Taking the two-phase hybrid stepping motor as an example, its subdivision circuit can be constructed by combining integrated chips and separate components, such as the two-phase hybrid stepping motor's self-adapting subdivision drive circuit designed based on the AT89C51 single-chip computer. In the step motor fine control, the fine division technology was a kind of electronic damp technology. The purpose was to improve the operation accuracy of the motor and achieve high-precision fine division of the step angle. For example, in the driving state of two phases and four beats, when the control system does not subdivide, each step pulse motor will rotate an inherent step angle (such as 10°), and when the subdividing driver works in the 10 subdividing state, the motor will only rotate 1°. The subdividing function was achieved by the driver or the single-chip processor by precisely controlling the phase current of the motor, and had nothing to do with the motor itself. There were many factors to consider when constructing a single-chip circuit: 1. ** Power supply related **: Make clear the differences between the labels of different power supplies, such as VRCs, VRCs, and VSSs. For example, VRCs are usually the power supply voltage of a Bipolar device. In an NPM circuit, it represents the power supply voltage connected to the collector. In a field effect circuit, it represents the power supply voltage connected to the drain. In a PPM circuit, it represents the power supply voltage connected to the transmitter. In a circuit with a PPM circuit, it represents the power supply ground or 0V, which is the reference point of the circuit. 2. ** Resistance selection **: - ** Pull-up Resistor **: The choice of the pull-up resistance needs to balance power consumption, driving ability, and circuit speed. In order to reduce power consumption and chip sink current, the resistance value should be as large as possible; in order to ensure sufficient drive current, the resistance value should be as small as possible; in high-speed circuits, an excessively large pull up resistance may make the signal edge smooth, usually between 1k Omega and 10k Omega. In the reset circuit, the resistance value is critical to the start-up of the single-chip computer. For example, when R1 = 10k Omega, it may cause the SSR pin to show a high level, causing the single-chip computer to continue to reset and not work normally. - ** Current limiting resistance **: For example, in an LED circuit, the current limiting resistance should be calculated according to the operating voltage, current range, and circuit voltage of the LED. If the power of the current limiting resistance is not selected properly, there may be problems. For example, in a circuit with an LED voltage drop of 3V, a total voltage of 96V, and a current limiting resistance of 5.1 Ohms, the calculated current is 18ma. However, if the current limiting resistance is 1206, the rated power is 0.25W, and the actual power is 1.7W, the circuit will have problems. 3. ** Condenser application **: There are two types of filter condensers: high frequency and low frequency. The high-frequency filter (usually 0.1 microF) is used to short-circuit the high-frequency noise protection circuit; the low-frequency filter (usually 100 microF) is used to filter out the low-frequency ripple and stabilize the power supply. It is usually installed next to the power interface or high-power components. 4. ** Usage of other components **: - ** Triode **: It has a variety of functions, such as switching function (by controlling the base current to switch between on and off), amplifying function (can amplify the base current by 100 times to drive a larger load), and level conversion function (used for communication between different levels). - ** Nixie tube **: By controlling the seven segments of A - G and the decimal point, it displays the number. It requires a matrix and a truth table to control the brightness of each segment to correspond to a specific number. - ** Key vibration treatment **: The operation of keys will cause vibration, which can be eliminated by software (delay 5 - 10ms after detecting the closed key and wait for the vibration to disappear before confirming the key state) or hardware (use the short-circuit effect of the high-frequency signal by the capacity). When the single-chip I/O port is not enough, the number of ports can be increased by expanding the chip such as the 74HC13838 translator to meet the design requirements of the subdivision circuit. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Crystal Circuit of 51 Single-Chip Computer
In the 51-bit single-chip computer, the crystal circuit was a crucial part of the peripheral circuit of the single-chip computer. From the perspective of pin connection, the 51 single-chip computer had two pins, XTAL1 and XTAL2, for connecting to the crystal oscillation (crystal resonant). These two pins were connected to an internal phase shifter of the MCUs to form a Pierce Oscillator with the external crystal oscillation. The working principle was that the Pierce Oscillator needed to meet the two conditions of 2k Pi loop phase shift and closed-loop gain of 1 in the ideal circuit form. The phase shifter provides a 180° phase shift for any frequency component and can be seen as a buffer. It is easy to obtain a loop gain of 1 by adjusting its output characteristics. However, this was not enough to start the vibration. The crystal itself was very important. Quartz crystals had a piezo electric effect. After processing, the Quartz Crystal Resonator (QCPR) could be represented by an ideal circuit model consisting of a L1 - C1 - R1 series resonant circuit plus a very small C0. The QPR was connected in parallel with the phase shifter to act as a frequency selection network. When it was powered on, it could be seen as a step signal being input into the output of the phase shifter. The QPR picked out the signal at the resonance point frequency. When the loop gain was 1, the circuit tended to be stable. In the crystal circuit, the common crystal frequencies were 4, 8, 11.0592, 12, etc. The crystal was used to provide a stable clock signal for the single-chip computer. All the instructions of the single-chip computer were based on this. The speed of the single-chip processor was related to the clock frequency provided by the crystal. The higher the clock frequency, the faster the single-chip processor would run. From the composition of the crystal circuit, it was composed of a Quartz crystal and a circuit. Together with the reset circuit, it ensured the stable operation of the single-chip system. The main function of the crystal circuit was to provide clock signals for the operation of various modules within the single-chip computer to ensure the correct execution of the program. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Single-Chip Coupled Circuit Diagram
As for the single-chip coupled circuit, in some electrical control products, the input circuit part involved coupling-related content. For example, when the various control signals of traditional electrical equipment are converted into digital signals that match the input/output port of the single-chip computer, the control signals input by the user equipment to the single-chip computer (such as the switch output of the limit switch, the operation button, etc.) are converted through the input circuit, where the input circuit has a coupling-related function. There was also the circuit diagram of the optical coupler-driven relay in the circuit of the single-chip drive relay. The optical coupler-driven relay played a role in the circuit, but the specific circuit diagram needed to be consulted in special documents, such as the circuit diagram of the optical coupler-driven relay (optical coupler/UL2803/switch circuit) and other related information. In addition, the document on the design method of the commonly used drive and coupled circuit of the single-chip I/O for the characteristics of electrical control products may have more detailed design content about the single-chip coupled circuit, but it did not directly give a detailed circuit diagram. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What does it mean to reverse the control circuit and explain the working principle?
The reverse rotation control circuit was a circuit used to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. The working principle was as follows: - ** Contactor Interlock Positive and Negative Rotation Control Circuit **: - ** Forward Rotation **: Press the Forward Rotation Start button (such as SSB2), and the coil of the Forward Rotation Contactor (such as Km1) will be energized. The Km1 auxiliary normally open contact is closed to achieve self-locking, ensuring that the circuit remains connected after the button is released; the Km1 auxiliary normally closed contact is disconnected and interlocked with the reversing contact (Km2) coil to prevent simultaneous power-on. At the same time, the main contact of Km1 was closed, and the motor was powered up and began to rotate forward. - ** Reverse **: Press the reverse start button (like SSB3), and the Km2 coil will be energized. The Km2 auxiliary normally open contact is closed and self-locked, and the Km2 auxiliary normally closed contact is disconnected, causing the Km1 coil to lose power (forming an interlocked). The Km1 main contact is reset, the Km2 main contact is closed, and the motor runs in reverse. - ** Double Interlock Positive and Negative Rotation Control Circuit of the Button-Contactor **: Add the Button-Contactor Interlock to the Contactor Interlock. The normally closed contact of the reverse start button is connected in series with the coil of the contactors that control the forward rotation, and the normally closed contact of the forward start button is connected in series with the coil of the contactors that control the reverse rotation. This was equivalent to double insurance, further ensuring that the positive and reverse contactors would not be energized at the same time, improving the safety and reliability of the circuit. The principle of the positive and negative rotation control in the ladder diagram was similar: - Two start-stop circuits were used to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. Pressing the forward start button (such as SSB2), the corresponding input point (such as X0) will turn ON, and its normally open contact will be connected, so that the coil of the output point (such as Y0) will be "energized" and self-protect, so that the coil of the forward rotating contactors (such as KM1) will be energized, and the motor will rotate forward. - Pressing the stop button (such as SSB1), the corresponding input point (such as X2) will turn ON, and its normally closed contact will be disconnected, causing the coil of the forward output point (such as Y0) to "lose power" and the motor will stop running. - In order to ensure that the forward and reverse rotation do not work at the same time, the normally closed contacts of the forward rotation output point (such as Y0) and the reverse rotation output point (such as Y1) are connected in series with each other's coil to achieve interlocked connection; and the button is interlocked, that is, the normally closed point of the reverse rotation start button is connected in series with the coil of the output point (such as Y0) that controls the forward rotation, and the normally closed contact of the forward rotation start button is connected in series with the coil of the output point (such as Y1) that controls the reverse rotation. In this way, when the motor was rotating forward, if it wanted to change to reverse operation, it could directly press the reverse start button without pressing the stop button, and through the switching of the contacts, it could realize forward transformation and reverse rotation. In addition, there are often overload protection components in the circuit, such as thermal relay (FT). When the induction motor is seriously overloaded for a long time, after a certain delay, the thermal relay will act, and its normally closed contact will be broken. When it is connected in series with the coil of the contactors, it can make the coil of the contactors cut off, and the motor will stop running, playing a protective role. Some thermal relay needed to be manually reset, and some had an automatic reset function. During the circuit connection and use, the connection position of the contacts needed to be reasonably arranged according to its characteristics to ensure safe operation. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Not a single lamp for me
The phrase " not a single lamp for me " usually conveyed a sense of loneliness and drifting. In many situations, people would feel this way when they were in a foreign land or in a certain state of life. For example, when one was working hard in a foreign city and looked at the lights of thousands of houses, they felt that there was no warm lamp that belonged to them. There was no family waiting for them. It was just like those people who struggled alone in the big city mentioned in the information. They experienced a busy and tired life every day. Although the city was prosperous, it could not fill the loneliness in their hearts. There was no lamp that could give them a sense of belonging and warmth. There were also those who were separated from their families. Even if they lived in the same community, they could not reunite. The warmth of home and the light that was lit for them no longer existed, leaving them alone.
Single-phase half-controlled rectify circuit-
In a single-phase half-controlled rectify circuit, the electrical angle at which the crystallizer is in the on-state during a power cycle is called the conducting angle. The electrical angle from the moment the thyratron starts to bear the positive voltage until the trigger pulse is applied is called the trigger delay angle (trigger angle or control angle). By changing the trigger time, the voltage and current waves of the rectified voltage can be changed accordingly, and the output voltage of the direct current is a pulsating direct current with the same pole but the instantaneous value changes. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>