Ming Dynasty Dehua white porcelainThe Dehua white porcelain of the Ming Dynasty had many characteristics and achievements.
In terms of kiln, Dehua kiln began to use class kiln, barrel-shaped sagger and so on. During this period, there were also many masters of porcelain sculpture art such as He Chaozong, He Chaochun, Zhang Shoushan, etc., who promoted the development of Dehua kiln porcelain sculpture art. The porcelain sculpture art of Dehua White Porcelain had a wide range of materials. The composition was simple and the lines were smooth. The porcelain sculptor was good at conceiving according to different characters and was good at expressing the characteristics of various characters. The production method mainly used direct molding, but it could also be turned into a mold and then poured into the mold or copied into the mold. The kneading, molding, carving, rubbing, cutting, scraping, rubbing, drawing, etc. of the porcelain sculpture were all traditional techniques. For example, the hands, feet, beads, flower ornaments, or tassels of the characters were molded completely before being kneaded.
Dehua white porcelain of the Ming Dynasty was fine, malleable and translucent. The glaze color was mostly pure white, bright and lustrous, milky white like coagulated fat. Under the sunlight, the glaze would faintly appear pink or milky white, so it had the good names of " Lard White " and " Ivory White ". In terms of artistic value and cultural content, Dehua white porcelain of the Ming Dynasty was the carrier of China traditional culture. It existed in various forms such as Buddha statues, four treasures of the study, tea sets, ornaments, etc., reflecting the profoundness of Chinese culture.
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Ming Dynasty Dehua white porcelain vaseThe Ming Dynasty Dehua white porcelain bottle had the following characteristics:
- In terms of firing, it was mostly done in a separate dragon kiln. The flame atmosphere was more inclined to oxidization, and the content of iron ions in the glaze increased. The glaze color was white and yellowish, showing "ivory white" or "pig white".
- The body was dense and had excellent light transmission. The body was made of porcelain clay with a high content of silicon dioxide, which contained 6% of potassium dioxide. After firing, it had more glass phase.
- The glaze was one piece, the color was bright and smooth, like fat and jade, white and shiny yellow.
In terms of the shape, other than bottles, there were also the most prominent figures, such as Bodhidharma, Guanyin, etc. In addition, there were furnaces, statues, pots, musical instruments, etc., which were also more famous.
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The characteristics of the bottom of the blue glazed porcelain in the Ming DynastyIn the early and middle period of the Ming Dynasty, the blue glaze was mainly used for sacrificial vessels and furnishings, belonging to high-grade glaze. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, there were poor quality domestic sapphire glazed porcelain made by civilian kilns. From the middle of Wanli to the end of Chongzhen, no sapphire glazed porcelain made by official kilns had been found. Judging from the existing Ming Jiajing Ji blue glazed bowl, the bottom half of the circle and the foot of the circle are not glazed. However, based on the current information, it was difficult to make a comprehensive and accurate summary of the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty blue glazed porcelain. There might be many different forms of expression, and more physical research and information were needed.
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Yuan Dynasty Blue and White Porcelain Auction RecordIn 2005, the large jar of Yuan Dynasty blue and white flower "Guigu 'zi Descends the Mountain" was sold at Christie's in London for 230 million yuan, setting the highest record for China art auction at that time. Yuan Qinghua's "Xiao Heyue Chases Han Xin" plum vase was sold at the Macau Art Auction in November 2011 for 840 million Hong Kong dollars (equivalent to more than 680 million yuan), setting a record for the price of a porcelain item in the history of the world. In 2024, Tianmin Building's Yuan blue-and-white flower plum vase with a cover with a peony pattern was auctioned at 17 million yuan and sold at 56 million yuan, including commission of 57.78 million Hong Kong dollars. The Yuan blue-and-white plantain, melon, bamboo, fruit pattern and water chestnut pattern plate was auctioned at 21 million yuan.
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