The Evolution of MankindThe following is a summary of the e-book on human evolution:
** 1. Origin of Life and Early Biological Stages **
1. ** Ordovian Period (550 million years ago)**
- Life began on Earth and was mainly concentrated in the oceans. Seaweeds, sponges, mollusks, and crustaceans were the representatives of life during this period.
2. ** Ancient Era (380 million years ago)**
- Life evolved from the sea to the land. Reptiles appeared and gradually evolved into dinosaurs. Mammals also began to appear, but there were not many of them.
3. ** The Middle Ages (245 million years ago)**
- Dinosaurs dominated the Earth. At the end of the cretaceous period, some small mammals appeared, which became an important turning point in the evolution of mammals.
** 2. Human ancestors and related stages **
1. ** New Generation (65 million years ago)**
- Mammals began to flourish after the extinction of dinosaurs, and monkey-like animals began to appear, marking the emergence of primates.
2. ** Neogeneic Period (25 million years ago)**
- The appearance of the ancient apes, in the late neogene, the ancestors of the upright humans, such as the colorado ape, ostralipitex, etc., began to appear.
3. ** Fourth Epoch (2 million years ago)**
- The early humans were mainly divided into Homo Erectus and Neanderthals. Their brain capacity and body size were smaller than modern humans.
** 3. Homo Evolutis and Modern Humans **
1. ** About 200,000 years ago **
- With the appearance of Homo Evolutis, their brain capacity and body size were larger than those of early humans. They had higher intelligence and adaptability, and complex social phenomena such as language, culture, and religion began to appear.
The evolution of modern humans involved the genetic variation and adaptation of human beings, human migration and population expansion, and the interaction between modern human genetics and the environment. From the perspective of archaeology, he studied the origin of humans through the excavation and analysis of ancient human fossils, and discussed the protection and research methods of ancient human cultural heritage. From a genetic point of view, the genetic difference between chimpanzees and humans was about 1.2%, which also helped to understand the uniqueness of human evolution. The origin of ancient humans could be traced back to the large-scale human evolution in Africa about 2 million years ago. Ancient human fossils like Lucy were discovered. She was the earliest upright walking human, which was the watershed between ancient humans and ancient apes. Early humans (2 million years ago-70,000 years ago) included Homo Erectus, Neanderthals, and Hutts. Although they walked upright, their intelligence and civilization were lower than that of Homo Evolutis, and they were eventually replaced by Homo Evolutis. Homo Evolutis originated in Africa about 200,000 years ago and spread to all parts of the world.
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