technical regulations for sowing and seedling raising of betula luminiflora1. * * Seed Collection **
- The fruit of the light bark birch ripens in the middle and late May. The frutescence is born on the top of the twigs of the year. When the fruit ripens, it is difficult to harvest with the wind. When the ear turns from light yellow to brownish yellow, it is picked together with the ear and spread indoors for 2 - 3 days. After it is fully ripe, it is gently kneaded by hand to take seeds. Seeds are small, lack nutrients, afraid of the sun and can not be stored for a long time, should be picked and sown at any time. Different altitudes, slope directions, years, climate conditions and the microenvironment of the mother tree would cause the maturity time of the seeds to change from late April to late May. The seed collection period should be accurately grasped. The mother tree should grow healthily, have sufficient light, and be more than 20 years old. The fruit order should be picked, packed, and placed in a cool and airy place in time after going down the mountain. It should be turned frequently. After the seeds are fully mature in 3 - 5 days, they can be sown after rubbing. The germinating rate in the field can reach 16.5%. If the seeds cannot be sown in time, they can continue to be spread in a cool and well-vented place. When the temperature is high, water spray can be used to prevent dehydration. It should not be more than 12 days at normal temperature. The fully mature seeds can be stored in the refrigerator at 5 - 10 ° C for 3 - 4 months. The sprouting rate can be guaranteed to be around 12%.
2. * * Sowing seedlings **
- * * Selection of Nurseries **: Nurseries should be planted in fertile, loose soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and semi-shady mountain dock land. In the winter or early spring of the previous year, the soil preparation should be carried out in advance, the base fertilizer should be applied, and the 100 cm wide seedling bed should be made to ensure the smooth drainage ditch.
- * * Sowing **: The sowing season is late, and the growth period of the seedlings is relatively short. The seedling period is mostly in sunny and hot weather. The 1000-grain weight of the seeds was 0.08 grams. The constant temperature at 25 ° C had a germinating rate of 21%(average within 2 weeks). The germinating rate in the nursery was about 4%. Because the seeds are small, the seedlings are tender after sprouting, and it happens to be hot and rainy, the seedlings have poor resistance and are susceptible to diseases, the sowing rate should be appropriately increased, and the sowing rate per ha is 45 - 60 kg. Sowing should be done in windless weather to prevent the seeds from blowing away, or with moist fine sawdust to ensure that the seeds are evenly sown. Sowing in the middle of May, after sowing, cover a layer of fine yellow soil until the seeds cannot be seen, and then cover a layer of straw. Spray water with a watering can until the seedling bed is sufficiently moist. Six days after sowing, the seedlings will begin to germinate. Pick cloudy days or evening to remove the straw 2 - 3 times. In about 2 weeks, the seedlings will basically be ready. In winter or early spring, the soil could also be carefully prepared in advance, combined with soil disinfection. 30 kg of compound fertilizer, 50 kg of vegetable cake fertilizer, and 20 kg of calcium and magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer could be applied per mu as base fertilizer. Before the rainy season, three plows and three harrows could be made into a high bed (bed width of 1 meter, bed height of 15 cm, footpath width of 30 cm, and drainage ditch around). Five days before sowing, use 2.5 - 3 kg of 40% formalin solution per mu, add 500 - 600 kg of water, spray the surface of the bed and cover it with a thin film. Remove it two days before sowing. The sowing rate is 2 - 4 kg/mu. After sowing, cover the seeds with fine soil and cover them with straw to keep the seedling bed moist. The seedlings will start to sprout in 4 - 5 days, and the seedlings will be fully planted in 7 - 8 days.
3. * * Seedlings Management **
- * * Emergence period (mid-May, about 10 - 12 days before the seedlings emerge to the true leaves)**: The seedlings are delicate and weak. They are afraid of being exposed to the hot sun and heavy rain. Shading nets should be set up in time (the highest amount of seedlings emerging from the shade with a 50% light transmission) or the canopy should be used to protect the seedlings. After the seedlings emerge, spray 800 times of carbendazim, Tuzet, Thiophanate and other drugs to prevent diseases every 7 - 10 days.
- * * Sapling stage (from late May to late June, from the time when the seedlings show their true leaves to the time when they grow rapidly, about 40 days)**: This is a stage of follow-up management, which requires corresponding maintenance according to the growth needs of the seedlings. (The reference materials did not give specific maintenance measures at this stage. It can be based on the general seedling experience, such as reasonable watering, moderate fertilizer, and continuous disease and insect prevention.) There were also stages such as the fast-growing period and the seedling hardening period that needed to be managed accordingly.(The reference did not give the specific management content of these two periods. You can follow the conventional seedling raising operation. During the fast-growing period, ensure that the nutrients and water are sufficient. During the hardening period, control the growth conditions to promote the lignification of the seedlings, etc.).
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