truth spells without ingredients

There were novels similar to Truth of Spells: 1: His and Their Stars, Author: Bleeding Stars a 2. Starting from the Mechanical Hunter, Author: Insect Dream 3:"Blood of Mercury", Author: Not Praying for Ten String Time Freeze 499, by Lori Lefty 5:"The Cursed Ship", Author: Jar Soaked Pickle 6:"The Ruler of the Demon Realm", Author: Jungu of the Second Middle School 7: Player's Supreme Justice, Author: Unrequited Ten String 8:"The Primeval War of Online Games", Author: Shengxiao Swordsman Super Dimensional Warlock, Author: Mu Hu From Star Abyss, Author: Deep Crimson Doomsday Ring, Author: Night Shadow Love Ji Surviving the Fourth Scourge, Author: Nasiriyah Extraordinary Voyage, Author: Northern Sea Herding Whale Invincible Heroes: Hidden Master Builder, Author: Ferocious Male Hamster "The Real Cthulhu Group Running Game", Author: I Want to Make Trouble Mystery Makes Me Strong, Author: Mu Heng "This Game Is Not Ordinary" by Mu Youcai "I Am the Leader of Online Games", Author: The Unsealed Secret Manual Chapter 19:"Angel Alliance's Dragon King's Divine Power", Author: Tofu Skeleton Game of the Witcher, Author: Qian Zhimoyi The following is a detailed introduction of these novels: 1."His and Their Stars": Introduction: Transmigrate to a quasi-interstellar world and fight with them against the mastermind behind the human race. Tagged: StarCraft, Transdimensional Fortress [StarCraft] [Disadvantages: Certain plots are a bit too much.] Speed: If I don't drive, I'll take a walk with my platoon. Reading experience: If you like the StarCraft world view, you can watch it with Gundam, Transdimensional Fortress, and other sun-filled wind. 2."Start with the Mechanical Hunters":"Start with the Mechanical Hunters" is a fascinating cyberpunk novel. In this novel, the author showed the unique setting of the protagonist's mechanical and human body modification, which made people unable to help but have a strong interest in it. Compared to the other books, I personally think this is the author's best work. The plot was compact and fascinating, and people couldn't help but be fascinated by the protagonist's adventures. The author's description was unique and wonderful, making the readers feel as if they were in the world of cyberpunk. The game's invasion of reality, NPC system, wasteland cyberpunk, and other elements added a unique charm to the story. Although the pace of some chapters was a little slow during the reading process, overall, the book was indeed very good. I followed the latest chapter in one breath and recommended it to everyone again. I believe that you will definitely like this novel. 3:"Blood of Mercury":(° °) "Time Freeze 499 Years":"Time Freeze 499 Years" is a fascinating novel. The author has attracted the attention of readers with novel creativity and grand tone. Even though the author was a newcomer, his hard work made the readers feel gratified. Not only is this novel fascinating, but it also makes one think about the importance of time, intelligence, appearance, and height. Whether it was the plot or the theme, this book left a deep impression on everyone. For readers who like time travel and the indescribable, this book is definitely not to be missed. I strongly recommend it to all readers who like innovative novels. 5."The Cursed Ship": A mysterious magic circle gives the ship the power to evolve. In a strange world, a young fisherman uses a few broken ship boards to activate his powerful... The ship of evolution, also known as the ship of curses. 6."The Ruler of the Demon Realm": Classic 7. Player's Supreme Justice: The long night has arrived, and the blood moon is in the sky. A hoarse whisper flowed through the street corner, and the brass steam engine spewed out blood mist. Your brain is singing, your eyes are singing. His skin cracked and his flesh bulged. In the gray fog, the wall of flesh and blood that had swallowed thousands of corpses wailed all day long. "Don't cry. Our players don't bite. They just want to play with you." Lonely Planner Gou, Number One Player, Savior of the Foggy Continent, Leader of the Thirteen Saints, Friend of the Twelve Righteous Gods, King of Pioneers,"Righteous One," Gatekeeper of the Fourth Calamity, Uncrowned God, the great Annan kindly advised. ------ 8."Online Games: Primeval Wars": IQ is high, the settings are not bad, there are almost no bad points in chapter 110, the Three Kingdoms side quest is not bad. Currently chasing updates New book recommendations 9."Super Dimensional Warlock": Using a scientific (nonsensical) tone to explain the path of warlocks in a serious manner, creating different civilizations in different dimensions through different forms. This is a book with a huge brain hole. At the same time, it can explain many strange things clearly. It can also make readers feel good and excited. It is also a good book that looks forward to the future development. It is strongly recommended. 10. From Star Abyss: Game Reality + Interstellar Setting. The Dao path and sequence were quite creative, and the story content was also very attractive. It was not that unique. After all, there were many novels with game + interstellar settings, but this one was definitely above the passing line. Those who were interested could follow up and read it. 11:"Doomsday Ring": The setting is doomsday cyberpunk. The protagonist's superpowers are very powerful. It's funny to complain about superpowers. It's not bad. "Surviving the Fourth Scourge": Very good gameplay, general settings, NPC perspective No CP, vivid characters, players participate in the plot Whether it was the righteous or the villains, their IQ was generally online. Occasionally, when they were offline, they would enter the time for everyone to eat melons. Currently in the serial, the author updates two chapters a day, very stable The prediction has entered the end of the plot 13."Extraordinary Voyage": A high-quality voyage novel. I like this novel very much. If you are interested, you can read it. Although the pace of fantasy novels is slow, the more you read, the more you like it. 14:"Invincible Heroes: Hidden Master Builder": Unfinished, Reborn Invincible Style, written very brilliantly, players and NPCs are very outstanding, but the protagonist's Energy Serum is always not enough (° °) "The Real Cthulhu Group Running Game": Cthulhu Giving Candies! Long live Cthulhu Cough, cough, just kidding, just kidding. It's a pretty good book. It's very interesting. Although I don't believe in Cthulhu and I've never played a group game before, it's still very interesting. The protagonist's intelligence was on the line. Although it felt like the author was biased, at least he didn't owe money. Pushing Song: The Dominator of the Old Days "Mystery Makes Me Strong":"Mystery Makes Me Strong" is a refreshing novel. The author unfolded the story from a different perspective, allowing the readers to constantly explore the mysterious abilities of the protagonist and his unique world. The story was very reasonable, making people feel that it was very suitable to read. The main character's strength was linked to his brain power, which was very interesting. The beginning of the story depicted the protagonist as a supernatural being at the top of society, and the little cheat that he came with was also very exciting. The whole story's style was relaxed, but it did not lose its depth, giving people a pleasant reading experience. The author's writing style was exquisite and made people immerse themselves in it. This novel was not only a novel, but also a reflection and understanding of life. Through the author's description of the protagonist's mysterious ability, it made people think more deeply about the real world. All in all, Mystery Makes Me Strong was a book worth recommending. "This Game Is Not Ordinary": This Game Is Not Ordinary was a classic leveling and training text that made people's eyes light up. The author used the game as an introduction to skillfully combine reality with the game world, bringing a new reading experience to the readers. The protagonist accidentally discovered a magical game that could affect reality, thus seizing the opportunity to change his fate. The story was compact, fascinating, and irresistible. The protagonist was an ordinary person, but his hard work and struggle made people feel real and moved. Friends of the book famine can take a look. This book not only has a good writing style and plot, but it can also bring inspiration and thought. I recommend it to readers who like games, martial arts, and cultivation. Although the first few chapters are a little toxic, as long as you skip the first few chapters, the later chapters will become better. In short, This Game Is Extraordinary was a good book worth recommending. 18:"I Am the Leader of Online Games": I haven't read online games in a long time. This is not bad. Chapter 19:"Angel Faction's Dragon King's Divine Power": My own things, lalala Game: Witcher: Political Commissar You can read these novels on Qidian Chinese Network.

There are many types. Some cartoon toothpastes without fluoride are popular for kids with specific needs.

The characters in the movie included the main character Zhao Xu, Zhongxia, who cultivated both the Divine and the Arcane. The main character Antonya, the final scroll's inheritor, the main character Zheng Xinyun, the main character's priest, the supporting character Lin Qi, the slippery fatty, the three-circle mage, the male supporting character Zhang Qi, the warrior, the male supporting character Reyan, the Mage Association's liaison officer in the Goddess Church, the female supporting character Wang Ningwei, the female mage, the female supporting character Aiswig, and the final scroll's secret inheritor of the Dark. "Truth of Magic" Author: Miracle Prayer. It is a game/game novel with management, rebirth, transmigration, game, magic, cheating, and mage elements. It has been completed and can be enjoyed without worry. [User recommendation: Truth of Spells is an unforgettable novel.] The author used the common theme of rebirth as the background and set the story in a world that had been transferred to the game world. The protagonist's rebirth gave him a head start. He bought a double elite account, joined a secret organization, and received the attention of the Goddess of Magic. The author's writing is excellent. Even though I have never played a game before, I was able to quickly enter the game through the author's description. The entire story was compact and fascinating, making it impossible for people to stop reading. I strongly recommend this book. It is not only a novel, but also a fantastic adventure. I hope you will like this book.

There were many types of ingredients on the menu. The common ones were tripe, sausage, squid, ham sausage, meat slices, lotus root slices, mushrooms, bean skin, tofu, cabbage, cauliflower, seaweed, potatoes, lettuce, mushrooms, meatballs, and so on. Basically, the ingredients for skewers could be any food that could be skewered on a bamboo stick. With a delicious pot bottom and dipping sauce, you can choose different ingredients to make skewers according to your personal taste.

The ingredients of Sichuan hotpot were very rich and varied. Common ingredients included meat such as beef, mutton, pork, duck blood, seafood such as crabs, prawns, fish, and vegetables such as cabbage, bean sprouts, and spinach. In addition, there were also some special ingredients such as bamboo shoots and seaweed sprouts. One of the characteristics of Sichuan hotpot was its spiciness, so chili and pepper were also essential seasonings. There was a wide variety of ingredients for hotpot, and one could choose and match them according to one's taste and preferences.

The list of 100 ingredients for hotpot was a very detailed list, including all kinds of meat, seafood, vegetables, tofu, meatballs, and other ingredients. We are unable to obtain a complete list of 100 hotpot ingredients. However, according to the information in documents [2],[3], and [5], some common hot pot ingredients included beef, beef tripe, pork belly, yellow throat, kidney slices, pork liver, duck tongue, chicken gizzard, fish meatballs, tofu, konjac tofu, enoki mushroom, potatoes, seaweed, bean skin, cabbage, and so on. These ingredients could be selected and matched according to one's personal taste and preference. Please note that these are only some of the common hotpot ingredients. There are other types of ingredients to choose from.

Food coloring was mainly divided into two categories: natural coloring and synthetic coloring. Common natural colors include monascus red, copper salt, cochineal red, kaoliang red, turpentine, gardenia yellow, beta-carotine, phycocyanin, cacao color, and caramel color. The synthetic colors included amaranth, sunset yellow, lemon yellow, reddish moss, bright blue, and so on. These colors are used in food processing to increase the color of food and attract consumers 'attention. The country has strict regulations and supervision on the use of food colors. Only colors that have passed the risk assessment and obtained approval can be used as food supplements.

The ingredients of the Tongbian capsule included Bai Zhu (stir-fried), Cistanche deserticola, Angelica, mulberry, immature bitter orange, and aloes.

There were novels similar to True Truth: Book of Troubled Times, Author: Ji Cha 2:"Spiritual Realm Walker", Author: Xiao Langjun 3: The Tang's Table, Author: Jie and 2 4."King of Familiars", Author: Light Spring Flowing Sound Fairy, Please Listen to My Explanation, Author: Mi Tian Building National Forensic Medicine, Author: Zhiniao Village 7:"Wait, Heroine." Author: Guan Guan Gongzi 8: Mantang Colorful, Author: Weird Cousin 9:"Hidden Dead Corner", Author: Get Lost Final Divine Duty, Author: Tuoba Goudan Beyond Time, Author: Er Gen "This Game Is Too Real." Author: Chen Xing LL Red Heart Sky Patrol, Author: What's the Matter? Ring of Destiny, Author: Squid Who Loves to Dive National Master of Ming Dynasty, Author: West Lake Encountered Rain Choose a Day to Ascend, Author: Otaku Pig 17:"Who's in Love After Rebirth?" Author: What's Wrong? Deep Sea Ember, Author: Yuantong Chapter 19: Cultivation in the Chaotic World of Demonic Martial Arts, Author: Wenplagiarism 20:"Who told him to cultivate!" Author: The Whitest Crow The following is a detailed introduction of these novels: 1."Book of Troubled Times":"Book of Troubled Times" was a fantasy novel. The author, Ji Cha, used the oriental fantasy as the background and constructed a rigorous world. The storyline was very attractive, and the main character's ability and the setting of the cheat were very reasonable. The author's writing had always been good, and the dialogue, setting, and memes were all very interesting. This book vividly displayed the heroic spirit of a young man who had a knife in Beimang. The characters in the book were drawn in three-dimensional, without any facial features. There were many foreshadowing in the plot, which unfolded one by one. In short, this was a very exciting fantasy novel and was worth recommending. 2."Spirit Realm Traveler":··4-star recommendation In terms of style, it continued the humor of Da Feng's The Nightwatchman, and added many new elements: suspense (slightly but just right) and speculation (full of depth). As for the battle and other parts, there were some small flaws, but they could not overshadow the merits. Moreover, the places with bugs had been fixed. Overall, I'm very satisfied with this book. Not only did I say that it's amazing to sell newspapers, but there's always a reason for being first! I'm looking forward to what happens next. Let's see if this book can continue the style of the previous book! 3.<<The Tang's Table>> The people of the world and the affairs of the world are just the dishes on the table of the Tang people. Although the original ingredients had the original flavor of food, Yun Chu still believed that the most delicious food still needed to be divided, cooked, and handled. The food that was finally served on the table was the food that most suited the stomach of the Tang people. Steaming, braising, stir-frying, stewing... There were many cooking methods in the kitchen. Whether it was Goguryeo, the Turks, Tubo, Tuyuhun, Xue Yantuo, Tiele…or even whales, tigers, sharks, and hungry wolves, the Great Tang was a furnace that could cook them all into peerless delicacies… In addition to Li Zhi, Wu Wei, Zhangsun Wuji, Chu Suiliang, Li Ji, Cheng Yaojin, and other peerless seasonings, there would always be one thing that you would never forget, regardless of color, fragrance, or taste. Yun Chu hoped that she would definitely have a seat at such a luxurious banquet! Now, the delicious food had been cooked. Yun Chu laid out the napkin, picked up the deer knife, and closed her eyes. She was ready to enjoy an unprecedented feast to satisfy her hungry stomach. 4."King of Familiars": A new book by a top-notch author of the familiar-style. Those who like the familiar-style should not miss it. 5:"Fairy, Please Listen to My Explanation": This novel could be said to be better than 99% of the authors. Be it the writing style, the plot, or the female lead, they were all excellent. However, the biggest flaw was that the updates were too slow, but it did not affect the reading. Many readers regarded it as a standard, and the results were excellent. The female lead made many readers lose their minds. They looked forward to the appearance of the female lead every day. It could be said that the author had written the female lead out of her mind. 6： National Forensics: The author's previous novel, The Great Doctor Ling, was written about forensic science. It was quite good. I liked the protagonist of this author the most. There would be a cheat, but the protagonist was not the kind of person who blindly used a cheat. There would be many highlights. In other novels, the cheat made me feel that I could do it myself. However, the charm of the protagonist in his novels even made me, a reader who knew that he had a cheat, like him. I always thought that if I were a passerby girl in the novel, I would probably like the protagonist too. Hahaha. I recommend everyone to fatten up together 7:"Heroine, Wait": My favorite Guan Guan's latest work, he's here! The genre didn't change. Whether it was the plot or the character drawing, it had clearly improved a lot. It made my reading flow smoothly. The fighting scene was off! More storylines can give us more to watch and discuss, enrich the entire novel, and let the heroine reach a higher level. My aesthetic sense is always on the line, comforting my fragile little heart. The cute bird vowed to be the strongest king. Without her, this family will fall apart sooner or later! A different style, a different character, let's get drunk together! 8."Mantang Huacai": A work that traveled through the Tianbao period of Xuanzong. It was a rare masterpiece among historical novels in recent years. It cut into the civil case and portrayed the struggle between the Crown Prince and Li Linfu. The advantage was that the plot was closely linked and the suspense was high. It was extremely catching and also had an excellent description of the shadow behind the Great Tang. The main flaw was that the characters were relatively flat. The main character was "very intelligent and close to a demon." Moreover, the harem was too obvious. As long as the female characters met the male lead, all their positions and wisdom were almost useless. They revolved around the male lead. Although this kind of writing was clever, it was a little flat. It was fine for ordinary novels, but it was a flaw for a book. Slightly flat but still vivid characters: 6 A detailed description of the ecology of the prosperous Tang Dynasty: 8 Interlocking and Suspenseful Plot Design 9."Hidden Dead Corner":"Hidden Dead Corner" is a fascinating novel. The author, Get Away, has attracted many readers with his unique style and exquisite writing. The opening of the book showed the exciting scene of the protagonist starting the game, which filled people with anticipation. The author skillfully integrated sci-fi and horror elements into it, giving people a different reading experience. The protagonist's cheat was a series of warframes that could be upgraded. The author's description was exquisite and vivid, making people feel as if they were in a mecha battlefield. The author's pen was amazing, and the supporting characters 'IQ was just right, convincing. Even though the little fairy character at the beginning was a little disgusting, the description of the mech made many people feel awe for him. Although the subsequent plot remained to be seen, overall,"The Hidden Dead Corner" was a good book that was worth reading. 10: Final Divine Duty: Awesome Writing, Good Rhythm It's been a good journey, and I've learned the true teachings of get lost Not inferior to a Gokudo Devil "Beyond Time":"Beyond Time" is a novel that is refreshing. It transcends life and death and transcends heaven and earth. The author, Er Gen, showed his talent and creativity in this book. The beginning of the book gave off a heavy aura of the apocalyptic wasteland, making people want to continue reading. The ears did not disappoint. He meticulously described many interesting story elements that made people unable to stop. This book was filled with the wonderful collision between the apocalypse and Xianxia, making people look forward to it. The protagonist was calm and tenacious, decisive in killing but principled, and kind and bright in his heart. The female lead was still unclear, but the possibility of a single female lead was very high. Looking forward to the wonderful collision between the apocalypse and Xianxia. In short, this book was a new work that people looked forward to. It was one of the Xianxia classics. "This Game Is Too Real": Best Recently, Player Flow Morning Star LL's first book was Wasteland, so he returned to his old job and stayed up late to finish it. It was quite well written. 13."Red Heart Sky Patrol":-Full of likes! -Next time at the top [320 Likes]! This was a wonderful Xianxia novel written by the author, Why Do You Feel So Strong? This book already had more than three million words. It was very high-quality and could be read without worry. Unlike the sage-like appearance of many Xianxia, the image of the immortals here was more realistic. They did not need to care about the people. They were high and mighty, looking at everything in the world like ants. At the beginning of the novel, the author wrote the image of an expert who was being hunted down. He was being hunted down, but he didn't care about his life. Instead, he said,"This Taoist temple doesn't even have a name. Is it worthy of burying me, Zuo Guanglie?" In between these words, the character's personality and the scene's image came out. It was enough to show the author's high level of writing. The author's description of the battle was even more wonderful. This expert who had single-handedly killed his way through Hangu Pass erupted with the power of Zhurong before his death, causing the eighteen people in the formation to retreat in shock. When the readers thought that he was going to fight back, or at least die together with his pursuers, they were shocked. A sword came from the distance. Before the power of Zhurong could be used, the expert's head fell to the ground. When readers read this paragraph, they couldn't help but imagine it in their minds. At the same time, they were curious about this immortal cultivation world. The realm of being better than others was also highlighted. Finally, let's talk about the main character. The main character was a child beggar (non-transmigrated) lying in a Taoist temple. At the beginning, he looted the corpse and found a treasure that could be considered a system. Later on, he became stronger step by step and walked to the peak... In short, this was a very good Xianxia novel. Whether it was logic, style, worldview, or plot, it was all online. I highly recommend it. "Ring of Fate":"Ring of Fate" is a mysterious horror novel produced by Squid. It continues the wonderful plot of "Lord of the Mysteries." This book used light grams and the supernatural world as its theme, bringing the reader into a mysterious and adventurous world. The main character, Lu Mian, and his sister lived in a quiet and peaceful town, but an unexpected discovery broke the cycle of fate and revealed the hidden darkness of the town. As he saw the truth step by step, he gradually fell into the abyss of despair. Squid's writing style was becoming more and more recognizable. He used delicate descriptions and thrilling plots to immerse the readers in this mysterious world. This book was ranked first on the bestseller list with more than a million recommendation votes and the first order. It became the most anticipated dark horse of 2023. The readers were even more excited about the conclusion of the first part. We look forward to seeing Ring of Destiny surpass its predecessor and achieve excellent results. If you love mystery and horror stories, then this book is definitely not to be missed. "The Great Ming State Preceptor":"The Great Ming State Preceptor" is an amazing time-travel novel. With the Ming Dynasty as the background, the author showed the protagonist's helplessness and determination to change history through the story of Jiang Xing Huo's ninth transmigration. The name of the main character, Jiang Xing Huo, implied that a single spark could start a prairie fire. Whether he could change the wheels of history filled the readers with anticipation. The plot of this book was compact, and the knowledge points were dense, allowing one to learn a lot of economics knowledge. The protagonist Jiang Xinghuo's experience in the Ming Dynasty and the modern theory that changed the world were shocking. His determination and courage were admirable. The author's intention was amazing. This book did not have any tricks, but changed the world through the protagonist's thoughts and actions. Overall,'The Great Ming State Preceptor' was a good book that made people look forward to it. The recommendation index was five stars. As a snake hunter, Xu Ying had always been honest and diligent until this day when he caught a different snake… On the first day of the third month, incense was burning everywhere in the Divine Land. The statues that protected the villages, towns, cities, and counties woke up one after another to enjoy the sacrifices of the people. However, from that day onwards, the world was in chaos. 17:"Who's Going to Fall in Love After Being Reborn": Reborn in the City, College Student's Business, Emotional Threads, No Plug-ins ~ 9.1~ Continuing ~ Current Food and Grass + "Deep Sea Ember": -[Continuing-]--Top 3500 likes next time! Although his works were mainly fantasy and science fiction, the scenes he wrote were very realistic and the details were handled quite well. This book was no exception. At the beginning, he wrote the scene where the protagonist was in an abnormal space very well. The subsequent scene changed to the process of the ship without being abrupt. His description of the characters 'expressions and language was not inferior. Every sentence he wrote fit the atmosphere at that time, and it would not make people feel out of character or confused. The book combined elements such as strangeness and navigation. At the same time, in the strange atmosphere, it was mixed with the usual serious humor of the distant pupil. Especially the pigeon that appeared later, it made people laugh and cry. What was even more interesting was that the appearance of such a humorous plot in the Distant Pupil Book did not affect the perception of the book and did not make people feel fragmented. The book's worldview structure was also very outstanding, and the distant pupil described the worldview bit by bit in the plot, so there was no need to spoil the story here. Overall, this book was a top-notch work. Whether it was the character creation, the worldview structure, or the control of the rhythm, it was all first-class. It's getting better. I recommend it. "Cultivating in the Chaos of the Demon Martial Arts World":[Blue Quality] The new book of the old web novel plagiarist, this time it was the infinite style and the cultivation style. In the beginning, the protagonist transmigrated to the cultivation world in the public examination hall and became a spirit farmer at the third qi layer. With his weak strength, he accidentally activated the golden finger of his second transmigration during a disaster. He had directly transmigrated from the world of immortal cultivation to a world where ordinary demons and mortals practiced martial arts. In the world of cultivation, he was an unremarkable cultivator. However, in this mortal Demon Martial World, he was not weak. He had the strength to collect all kinds of resources to arm himself. Thus, he began his path of cultivation. At the beginning, there was a feeling of two worlds being reversed. There would definitely be other worlds in the future. In short, those who were interested in plagiarism could pay attention to it. In terms of the completion of the novel, plagiarism was still very good. "Who told him to cultivate!" "Who told him to cultivate!" It was a funny novel, but it also had a more rigorous setting. The story of this book was simply amusing, but at the same time, it had a sense of seriousness. The story used daily cultivation as a clue to describe the various experiences of the protagonist, Lu Yang. Due to the protagonist's character, the plot gradually became ridiculous and logical, and this romantic feeling also affected the people around him. Many funny characters were playing a scene, not to mention the book review, which was also a source of happiness. Overall, this book was worth reading with its unique style and interesting storyline. You can read these novels on Qidian Chinese Network.

For truth, we can ask family members 'What's the most embarrassing but funny thing that happened to you at a family gathering?' For dare, 'Draw a family portrait in 5 minutes.' These are simple and clean ways to play truth or dare in a family, without any inappropriate elements.