What is the 'Indian water carrier story' about?The 'Indian water carrier story' could cover a wide range of topics. In India, water carriers have been an important part of the social fabric for a long time. The story might revolve around a particular water carrier who is known for his honesty. For example, he might always deliver clean water to the people in his village despite facing temptations to cut corners. Or it could be about a water carrier's relationship with the community. He could be the one who spreads news and stories while going around with his water pots, acting as a sort of community connector. It could also be a story about how water carriers have adapted to changes over time, like the introduction of new water sources or the impact of modernization on their traditional way of life.
Can you share some key elements in the 'Indian water carrier story'?If we assume a general 'Indian water carrier story', key elements might include the arduous journey the water carrier undertakes. This could involve walking long distances under a hot sun, perhaps along dusty paths. The water source is also an important element, whether it's a well, a river, or a pond. Additionally, the interaction with the people in the village or town he serves is crucial. For instance, the gratitude or complaints of the customers who receive the water. And of course, the water carrier's own character traits like perseverance, humility, and his role within the community are likely to be key elements as well.
2 answers
2024-11-06 09:11
Century-old aircraft carrier, Indian aircraft carrierIndia's aircraft carrier development process had many unique features. After the Republic of India was established on January 26, 1950, it established a naval fleet. Although its national strength was limited, it was interested in the ability of aircraft carriers in the ocean and naval battles and was committed to realizing the "aircraft carrier dream."
India currently has two aircraft carriers, one of which is the Vikramatia purchased from Russia. The purchase price is $1, but the modification cost is $3 billion. On April 26, 2019, the Vikramatia caught fire, killing a naval officer. The other was the Indian ship, the Vikrant. The reason why the aircraft carrier Vickland would kowtow step by step during the trial was that the lack of a bulbous bow could not counteract the vortex, and the hull would rise and fall with the waves. Moreover, the staff of the aircraft carrier painted the deck as bright as a mirror, which was not conducive to the stable docking of the aircraft.
The Indian-made aircraft carrier was 260 meters long and 60 meters wide. It was equipped with four general LM2500 gas turbine engines with a total power of 80 megavolts. It was propelled by two axes. Its speed was expected to reach 28 knots. Its designed endurance was 7500 nautical miles and its self-sustaining power was 45 days. It was planned to carry a total of 30 carrier-based aircraft, including MiG-29K, Ka- 31 helicopters and Indian-made LCAs. It would take off and block the landing. The flight deck was equipped with two take-off and taxiing routes and three sets of landing arresting devices.
India faced many problems during the construction of the aircraft carrier. For example, the first prototype of the carrier-based "Glory" fighter aircraft failed to obtain flight approval due to structural problems, resulting in delays in the service period of the aircraft carrier. India had many shortcomings in the manufacturing of weapons and equipment, and these shortcomings were also reflected in the equipment related to aircraft carriers. Although its domestic aircraft carriers were in service, they had not yet formed combat effectiveness. India relied on imported many key equipment in the construction of aircraft carriers, such as blueprints from France and Italy, gas turbine from the United States, electronic systems from France, special steel from Russia, ship-borne air defense missiles and radars from Israel, and naval guns from Russia. The large L-band air warning radar came from Italy.
Now, India announced that it would build a third aircraft carrier. However, given India's past performance in weapons and equipment manufacturing, such as the inability to produce ammunition, poor quality, and misfiring in the production of the Insus rifle, the instability of the Arjun tank caused by the manufacturing of the Arjun tank, the high failure rate, and the difficulty of maintenance, as well as the unpredictable impact point of the Agni missile, the Indian Navy may lack confidence in building a third aircraft carrier.
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Old Indian aircraft carrierIndia's old aircraft carrier was the Vikramatia (also known as the Chaori King). On April 26, 2019, the aircraft carrier caught fire and a naval officer was killed. In addition, India also had the aircraft carrier Vikrant, which would kowtow step by step during the trial. It lacked a bulbous bow, and the bow could not offset the vortex generated. As the waves fluctuated, the aircraft carrier would shake up and down. Moreover, the Indian aircraft carrier staff painted the deck as bright as a mirror, which was not conducive to the stable docking of the aircraft.
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Indian aircraft carrier latest newsCurrently, India had two aircraft carriers, the Vikramatia that was purchased from Russia (1 US Dollar, 3 billion US Dollar modification fee) and the Vicklant that India built itself. The Vikrant would kowtow every step of the way during the test flight, and its carrier staff would paint the deck very brightly. The Indian Defense Minister said that India would soon start building a third aircraft carrier and would not be satisfied with three. The target was five to six. However, there were many problems in the manufacture of weapons and equipment in India, such as the failure or poor performance in the manufacture of bullets, fighter jets, missiles, helicopters, parachutes, etc. Its domestic aircraft carrier was also integrated with a multi-national system and had not yet formed combat effectiveness. Therefore, the Indian Navy was more worried about India's construction of a third aircraft carrier.
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Indian World War II aircraft carrierIndia became independent on August 15, 1947 after World War II. India's first aircraft carrier was the fifth of the Dignity class aircraft carriers built by the United Kingdom, the Hercules. The ship was built during World War II. After being purchased by India, it was added to the Indian Navy and renamed the Vickland (ship number R11). It had a full displacement of 18,000 tons. The ship was built by a civilian shipyard according to the standard of the Giant class. Later, the design was changed during the construction, and the flight deck was strengthened. After the end of World War II, it was renamed the Dignity class. Except for one ship that was abandoned, the other five ships were sold to the allies and restarted. The Hercules purchased by India was 75% completed when it was shut down in May 1946. A year later, it was moved to Gailloch, Scottish, and sealed until January 1957. India commissioned a shipyard to carry out large-scale modern modification, installing an 8-degree inclined deck and a steam catapult. After completion, the standard displacement was 16,000 tons, the full-load displacement was 19,500 tons, the total power of two steam turbine was 40,000 horsepower, the maximum speed was 25 knots, and the range was 22,000 nautical miles at 14 knots. The flight deck was 210 meters long and 39 meters wide. With this aircraft carrier, India achieved the strategic intention of Bengal's independence in the third Indo-Indian War. The aircraft carrier was dismantled at the end of the 1980s and retired about ten years after India had a second aircraft carrier.
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Indian military contributed aircraft carrier jokeThere were many cases in which the Indian military was regarded as a joke in terms of aircraft carriers. The design of India's first domestic medium-sized aircraft carrier, the Vikrant, began in 1999. Construction began in 2005 and was launched in 2013. However, the subsequent construction and sea trials were delayed many times until 2022.
What was even more ridiculous about India's aircraft carrier was its experience of buying the Gorshkov aircraft carrier (later renamed the Vikramatia) from Russia. In 1998, Russia offered to sell Gorshkov to India for $1. The aircraft carrier was paralyzed due to an explosion and had been put on hold for many years. India decided to buy it after consideration, but there were many hidden costs behind it. India had to bear the cost of aircraft carrier maintenance, which cost up to 900 million US dollars. It also bought 400 million US dollars of MiG series fighter jets under the promotion of Russia. The agreement was signed in 2004. When the aircraft carrier was delivered in 2008, the problem of the aircraft carrier had not been completely resolved. India invested about 1.4 billion US dollars. After the aircraft carrier was acquired, there were problems with the facilities on board. India gave Russia another 300 million US dollars for maintenance. Originally, they thought that one US dollar was a big bargain, but in the end, they spent nearly three billion US dollars. This series of events reflected the problems of Indian military in decision-making and trading in aircraft carrier affairs, thus becoming the object of ridicule internationally.
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Indian aircraft carrier is ahead of China by 100 yearsThis statement was wrong.
Judging from the construction cycle of aircraft carriers, China's aircraft carrier construction efficiency far exceeded India's. China's first domestic aircraft carrier, the Shandong ship, only took six years from the start of the project to the official service to achieve the complete domestication of all equipment and supporting carrier aircraft. The first self-designed and built catapult aircraft carrier, the Fujian ship, also took less than six years from the start to the completion of the trial flight. India's first aircraft carrier took 23 years, and the second took 14 years from negotiation to delivery with constant faults.
In terms of the performance of the aircraft carrier, China's Liaoning-based ship was equipped with 24 J- 15 fighter jets, and the Shandong ship was equipped with 36 J- 15 fighter jets. The J- 15 carrier aircraft's combat radius could reach about 1100 kilometers without external refuelling. India's Vikramatia aircraft carrier had a displacement of 40,000 tons and carried 24 MiG-29K and 6 Ka- 29/31 helicopters. The Vikrant was claimed to be self-developed but a large number of equipment came from a third country. The MiG-29K carrier aircraft it carried had a combat radius of only about 650 kilometers, resulting in the Vikramatia's combat radius of about 500 kilometers.
In terms of cost and cost-performance ratio, the Indian aircraft carrier cost 3.2 billion US dollars (about 20 billion yuan), and the maximum displacement was only 43,000 tons, while the cost of the China Shandong ship with a full displacement of 70,000 tons was less than 30 billion yuan.
In summary, China's aircraft carriers were already ahead of India in many aspects. There was no such thing as an Indian aircraft carrier being ahead of China by a hundred years.
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