Century-old aircraft carrier, Indian aircraft carrierIndia's aircraft carrier development process had many unique features. After the Republic of India was established on January 26, 1950, it established a naval fleet. Although its national strength was limited, it was interested in the ability of aircraft carriers in the ocean and naval battles and was committed to realizing the "aircraft carrier dream."
India currently has two aircraft carriers, one of which is the Vikramatia purchased from Russia. The purchase price is $1, but the modification cost is $3 billion. On April 26, 2019, the Vikramatia caught fire, killing a naval officer. The other was the Indian ship, the Vikrant. The reason why the aircraft carrier Vickland would kowtow step by step during the trial was that the lack of a bulbous bow could not counteract the vortex, and the hull would rise and fall with the waves. Moreover, the staff of the aircraft carrier painted the deck as bright as a mirror, which was not conducive to the stable docking of the aircraft.
The Indian-made aircraft carrier was 260 meters long and 60 meters wide. It was equipped with four general LM2500 gas turbine engines with a total power of 80 megavolts. It was propelled by two axes. Its speed was expected to reach 28 knots. Its designed endurance was 7500 nautical miles and its self-sustaining power was 45 days. It was planned to carry a total of 30 carrier-based aircraft, including MiG-29K, Ka- 31 helicopters and Indian-made LCAs. It would take off and block the landing. The flight deck was equipped with two take-off and taxiing routes and three sets of landing arresting devices.
India faced many problems during the construction of the aircraft carrier. For example, the first prototype of the carrier-based "Glory" fighter aircraft failed to obtain flight approval due to structural problems, resulting in delays in the service period of the aircraft carrier. India had many shortcomings in the manufacturing of weapons and equipment, and these shortcomings were also reflected in the equipment related to aircraft carriers. Although its domestic aircraft carriers were in service, they had not yet formed combat effectiveness. India relied on imported many key equipment in the construction of aircraft carriers, such as blueprints from France and Italy, gas turbine from the United States, electronic systems from France, special steel from Russia, ship-borne air defense missiles and radars from Israel, and naval guns from Russia. The large L-band air warning radar came from Italy.
Now, India announced that it would build a third aircraft carrier. However, given India's past performance in weapons and equipment manufacturing, such as the inability to produce ammunition, poor quality, and misfiring in the production of the Insus rifle, the instability of the Arjun tank caused by the manufacturing of the Arjun tank, the high failure rate, and the difficulty of maintenance, as well as the unpredictable impact point of the Agni missile, the Indian Navy may lack confidence in building a third aircraft carrier.
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ocean carrierThere were many types of maritime transport ships with different functions and characteristics.
For example, a semi-submerged ship could adjust its own water to allow the loading deck to dive into the water, lowering the center of gravity of the cargo, reducing the inertia of the cargo itself and the impact of wind resistance and wave resistance on the hull, thus greatly improving stability. The cargo could float from the designated location to the loading deck and be transported to the designated location. Although most semi-submerged ships had power systems, they were rarely opened during operation. For example, Huayang 1 was towed by five tugboats during transportation, and its power was directly closed.
In terms of liquefied natural gas (liquefied natural gas) carriers, the 175,000 cubic meters of liquefied natural gas carriers developed and built by China's shipbuilding company, China's shipbuilding company, had a total length of 295 meters, a width of 46.4 meters, and a total cargo hold capacity of 175,000 cubic meters. The full-load transportation capacity could meet the needs of the entire Dalian City for one and a half months. It was the world's mainstream ship type and could dock at most of the world's large liquefied natural gas shore stations. It had excellent port adaptability and ship-shore compatibility.
Among the oil tankers, there was once the world's largest oil tanker, the Sea Giant, built by Japan. It was 458 meters long, nearly 60 meters wide, and had a displacement of more than 820,000 tons. However, in the context of the attack on the ship in the war between Iraq and Iraq, it was sunk by the MiG- 23 fighter jet of the Iraq Air Force on May 14, 1988.
There were also general cargo ships for transporting construction vehicles, such as the five-cabin four-crane general cargo ship with a length of 190 meters, a width of 32 meters, and a deadweight of more than 50,000 tons, which could carry construction vehicles and fuel tankers.
In addition, the 400,000-ton ultra-large ore carrier, Yuanjinhai, had a total length of 362 meters, a width of 65 meters, a depth of 30.4 meters, a structural draft of 23 meters, a speed of 14.5 knots, and a deck area equivalent to three football fields. It was a new generation of green, environmental protection, and energy-saving ultra-large transport ships.
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A hundred-year-old aircraft carrier, a Soviet aircraft carrier.The development of the Soviet aircraft carrier witnessed the efforts and changes of the Soviet Union in the construction of naval forces.
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union vigorously developed its navy to compete with the United States for maritime hegemony. The construction of aircraft carriers became an important part of its naval strategy. In its heyday, it had nine aircraft carriers. However, due to the excessive emphasis on military industry, the Soviet Union's economic structure was unbalanced and eventually disintegrated, which had a huge impact on the fate of its aircraft carriers.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the legacy of the aircraft carrier was divided by the successor states, and the economic situation of each successor state became a key factor in determining the fate of the aircraft carrier. Russia inherited the Kuznetsov aircraft carrier. Although it was in poor condition and needed frequent maintenance, it was of great significance to the Russian Navy. Russia hoped to return it to its peak through modernisation to maintain its position in the global naval force.
Ukraine took over the Varyag and Ulyanovsk. The Varyag was not completed when the Soviet Union collapsed. It was sold to China because of the lack of funds and technology in Ukraine. After modification, China named it the Liao ship and equipped it with the navy. The Ulyanovsk was the first next-powered aircraft carrier that the Soviet Union intended to build. It was eventually dismantled due to the interruption of the construction plan of the Soviet Union.
Novorossiysk was purchased by South Korea and dismantled into scrap metal in 1997. After the Baku was sold to India, it was renamed the Vikramatia. India upgraded it to become the main aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy. The Minsk and the Kyiv were transformed into theme parks in China's Tianjin and Tianjin, respectively, transforming from war tools into cultural tourism carriers.
In the early years of the Soviet Union, other aircraft carriers were explored. For example, in the 1960s, the Soviets began to design and develop the Moscow helicopter carrier, which was the first attempt in the field of aircraft carriers. It had a full displacement of more than 20,000 tons. In the 1970s, they developed the Kiev-class aircraft carrier, a total of four, belonging to the 40,000-ton class aircraft carrier. In the 1980s, they began to develop the Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier, a total of two, a 60,000-ton aircraft carrier.
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Landing of the aircraft carrierCarrier Landing HD was a flight simulation game where players could pilot various types of aircraft to land and take off on an aircraft carrier. The game provided multiple challenge modes and levels, and each level had different weather conditions and difficulty. Players needed to accurately control the angle and speed of descent of the aircraft according to the position and speed of the aircraft carrier in order to safely land on the deck of the aircraft carrier. In addition, the game also included tests on flight operations such as aerial refuelling, emergency landing, and aerial stunts. The aircraft carrier landing HD was available for download on both the Android and Apple versions. It could be downloaded for free on the relevant software platforms.
China carrier aircraftThere were many types of transport aircraft in China. The following was a partial introduction:
- Yun- 9 (codename: Y - 9, English: Shaanxi Y - 9) transport aircraft: This was an aircraft model that China had developed twice. The 77-ton transport aircraft designed by the Chinese was basically an enlarged version of the 61-ton Y -8F- 200. Its capacity was comparable to the US military's C -130J "Super Hercules" transport aircraft. It was powered by four propeller engines and could carry 25 tons of supplies or 132 paratroopers (there were nine 108 x 88 inch cargo trays in the cabin). It had four crew members, a cruising speed of 650 km/h, and a maximum range of 7800 km.
- Tianzhou cargo spacecraft: It was an active cargo spacecraft of the China Space Station. It had a maximum load of 13.5 tons and was mainly designed for upstream transportation (transporting cargo to the space station).
- Haolong cargo space shuttle: 10 meters long, 8 meters wide, and the maximum weight is less than 7 tons. It is a small space shuttle. It was mainly used for downward transportation, relying on smaller size, self-landing on the airport runway, and new technologies such as reuse to reduce transportation costs. At present, the design phase of the scheme had been completed and the engineering development was in full swing.
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The aircraft carrier documentaryAn aircraft carrier was a large surface combat vessel that used carrier-based aircraft as its main weapon and as its base for maritime activities. It was like an airport on the sea that could provide air support and temporary supplies for helicopters or carrier aircraft. It also had combat capabilities.
The aircraft carrier originated from the First World War. In 1909, the French inventor Kleinman Ade first proposed the idea of combining aircraft and warships. In 1910 - 1911, Eugene Ely, an American pilot, conducted a test of aircraft taking off and landing from a warship. In the early stages of World War II, as the performance of carrier-based aircraft improved, countries began to pay attention to the construction of aircraft carriers. During World War II, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, and other powerful countries launched large-scale competitions in the construction of aircraft carriers. During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II, the number of aircraft carriers did not increase or decrease significantly, but their performance improved significantly. After the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of aircraft carriers were dismantled or sold. After the United States became a superpower, it continued to increase its investment in aircraft carrier research and development.
Modern aircraft carriers could be divided into large, medium, and small aircraft carriers according to their displacement; conventional aircraft carriers and nuclear powered aircraft carriers according to their power plants; anti-submarine, attack, escort, and multi-purpose aircraft carriers according to their missions; fixed-wing aircraft carriers and helicopter carriers according to the types of aircraft carriers.
Currently, the countries with aircraft carriers in the world were the United States, China, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, India, Spain, Italy, Thailand, and so on. At the beginning of the 21st century, there were 11 countries in the world with aircraft carriers, including Japan and Brazil.
The power type of China's fourth aircraft carrier has not yet been determined. Although the associated press speculated that China might be studying the reactor of a next-powered aircraft carrier based on satellite photos, this was only speculation. The United States was the country with the largest number of nuclear powered aircraft carriers. Although France had the nuclear powered aircraft carrier, Charles de Gaulle, it used the nuclear reactor of a submarine, which had inherent defects.
The US aircraft carrier, the USS owensawas attacked and caught fire. This incident had a major impact on the international strategic landscape, breaking the myth that the US aircraft carrier could not be touched, and triggering the international community to think deeply about maritime security and military balance.
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aircraft carrier documentaryThe following is the information about the aircraft carrier documentary mentioned in the reference materials:
- The documentary, Quenching, revealed details of the high-intensity confrontation between the Chinese and American aircraft carrier formations in the Western Pacific, such as the contact between the US aircraft carrier Nimitz and the China aircraft carrier formation in mid-April 2023. The documentary also exposed a large number of details of the Fujian aircraft carrier for the first time, especially the sci-fi hangar design details.
- In 2013, the "Exploration and Discoveries" program had a documentary titled "A Hundred Years of Carriers (Part Eight): The Destruction of Supercarriers."
- In 2013, a European and American documentary called "
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An aircraft carrier documentaryThere was a documentary "Carrier" that was released in 2013. It was a European and American documentary. The current Douban rating was 0.0 (for reference only). The dialogue was in English, and there was no plot summary yet. In addition, the CCTV Military Channel's documentary "Quenching" also involved aircraft carrier-related content, such as showing the interior of the Fujian ship, and in a certain chapter, it seemed to confirm that the J-31B was being tested on the ship.
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UFO aircraft carrierRecently, Louis Elizando, a senior intelligence officer in charge of investigating UFO projects at the former US Navy Department, released a photo of a so-called "UFO aircraft carrier"(also described as similar to an alien mothership). He claimed that the photo was taken in 2022 at the U.S. Embassy in Romania, and that the object in the photo could be an alien mothership or even a small floating city. However, this statement was questioned by many people. The photo was found to have appeared on social platforms as early as September 2023, and the building in the photo was investigated to be the Arad thermal power plant about 637 kilometers away from the U.S. Embassy in Romania. Elizando changed his mind and said that a friend who worked in the government had given him the photo a few years ago and that the friend "might have made a mistake." This contradictory explanation intensified people's doubts about his motives. He had previously caused controversy because of his remarks and actions about UFO. For example, a retired US military officer claimed that the so-called confidential video that Elisando had shown him was later confirmed to be a public video taken by the Soviet Mars probe decades ago. Some people also pointed out that he was very lenient on the review of UFO images in order to pay for sharing activities. In addition, there were records of UFO in ancient books. For example, the Eastern Jin Dynasty's Shi Yi Ji recorded that the people of Wanqu came by snail boats. The boat was shaped like a snail and was called the "waver boat". Some people thought that it might be related to UFO, but there was no conclusive evidence to prove that it was a UFO mothership of an alien civilization. In short, the current so-called "UFO aircraft carrier" lacked conclusive evidence to prove its authenticity. It was more like a product of hype.
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Unmanned aircraft carrierThere were currently developments related to unmanned aircraft carriers. It was reported that a ship known as a drone carrier appeared at the Dayang Shipyard in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China. It was 100 meters long, 16.5 meters wide, and 28 meters wide. There was an independent island on the right side of the deck. The flight deck was lower, and the upper limit of the hangar deck below the deck was lower or there might be no hangar deck. It might not be able to support high-tempo flight operations. The ship could be used to simulate enemy naval forces during naval training and weapon testing, or it could be used to test and develop drone operations at sea. In addition, the United States discovered a China unmanned aircraft carrier. This aircraft carrier was full of unmanned drones, unmanned ships, unmanned submarines, and other unmanned equipment. This situation attracted the attention of the United States and was considered to have unique significance in military confrontation.
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