silver polishing cloths

The following was a polishing mechanism for jade processing and polishing equipment: For example, the Nakanishi electric grinder EV410 - 230, with a speed of up to 40,000, coupled with a Brushless motor ENK -410S, output power of 73W, and 4.3cN.m. It was suitable for precision grinding and polishing, tooth processing, jewelry carving, etc., including jade. The bearing structure made it without any maintenance and durable. In addition, there were also some grinding mechanisms in jade processing equipment, such as the grinding mechanism in the multi-functional small table mill (jade cutting and grinding machine) that might be used in some jade factories. It played a grinding role when cutting and grinding jade, punching Buddha beads, wooden beads, and other operations. The power was 950W. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

There were many ways to polish jade, including manual polishing and machine polishing. ##1. Hand-polished 1. ** Initial Modifications ** - Using 600# - 1200#polishing sandpaper, he first used an electric tool to install a diamond drill bit to decorate the jade piece, and then carefully repaired it with a diamond file. Then, he used round sandpaper (from coarse sand to fine sand) to grind a large area. 2. ** Large Area Polishing ** - Use a cloth wheel to apply polishing paste to polish a large area. 3. ** Finishing details ** - You can use a felt grinding head to apply polishing paste for detailed polishing, or you can use a rubber grinding head to directly polish. Finally, it could be hand-polished with 1200 sandpaper and then polished with diamond powder. - For the sub-gloss process in hand polishing (Pure hand-polished, without the help of electric tools), commonly used for high-end seed material pendants. The surface of the polished jade has a very soft luster, close to the texture of the matte, suitable for pure color jade. However, under this kind of craftsmanship, the lines of the jade must be delicate, otherwise the overall beauty will be affected. The jade under the soft light process has a natural luster, emitting a faint light, and the light is smoother than the dull color. The luster of the high-light process was strong. Bracelets generally used high-light process to make the bracelet look more crystal clear. This process focused on the color of the material and was mostly used for processing Russian and Qinghai materials. ##2. Machine Polishing 1. ** Equipment and Materials ** - Buy a 300 to 500 yuan polishing machine (such as a small jewelry jade barrel polishing machine), then buy Feizhan's 320# - 8000#emery (from rough polishing to fine polishing), triangular bead polishing particles, cold light powder, grinding polishing powder, and polishing the mirror effect after polishing in the polishing machine for a period of time. - For the machine polishing of jade, the surface is coated with a layer of creamy polishing powder.(Green for Chromic Oxides, orange-red for Cerium Oxides), grind the surface with a 2,000-mesh grinding wheel, repeat it many times, then apply a brush, apply the diamond powder on the surface of the jade, and then use a hard brush to polish it. Fine work, start to polish the small places that the big tools can't. After applying diamond powder on the jade, use the hard skin to polish it, then use an ultrasonic machine to clean it. Use alcohol to wipe the parts that can't be cleaned, and then wax it (a kind of protection). You can wash off the wax with boiling water and blow it dry. 2. ** Technique Steps (Take Jade as an example)** - Roughly grinding: Use (1000 - 2000 mesh) emery to make tools of various shapes and polish them carefully and carefully. - Fine grinding: Use (1600 - 1800 mesh) emery to polish it according to the above method until it is smooth and shiny. - Bright: Use half-lived cowhide production tools to dip in polishing powder (3.5 um diamond powder) and rub it repeatedly to make the jade products bright inside and outside. - Wax: Wax is used to prevent water and dirt pollution. The polishing and polishing techniques of jade ware in different periods were also different. For example, the Neoliths used hand-polishing as the main method.(Grinding with water and fine sand), using bamboo, animal skin, or other soft materials to polish the surface. From the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, grinding and polishing tools of different materials were widely used for processing. In addition to the ancient method, stone weights, wood weights, felt weights, rubber weights, leather weights, cloth weights, calabash weights, cloth strips, leather strips, etc. were also used for processing. During this period, due to the improvement of speed and materials, the luster was stronger, and glass light appeared during the Han Dynasty. If modern antique jade was polished with high-speed, one-way electric tools, it would leave dense, slender, and regular traces. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The method of hand-carving, polishing, and polishing jade articles was as follows: - [Carving: Jade is hard, but as long as you have diamond or man-made diamond tools and speed, you can carve it as you wish.] - ** Polishing **: - First, according to the thickness of the work, choose No. 240, No. 280, No. 320 oilstones for rough grinding. Hold the jade in your left hand and place it on the side of the table to adjust its position. - Then, he used a fine oilstone to grind (remove the silk) to further flatten the fine marks on the surface. - Different materials were polished according to their own texture, throwing out different luster. When polishing, use 600# - 1200#polishing sandpaper, first use electric tools to install diamond drill bits to decorate the jade piece, then use diamond miscellaneous files to carefully repair it; then use round sandpaper (made of coarse sand and fine sand) to carry out large-scale grinding, then use round cloth wheel to apply polishing paste for large-scale polishing, then use felt grinding head to apply polishing paste for detailed polishing, or use rubber grinding head to directly polish; Finally, use 1200 sandpaper to do manual polishing, and then use diamond powder to polish. - For jade with a bit of hardness, such as Hetian jade, different types of oilstones should be used to polish it a little along one side. From coarse to fine, different types of oilstones should be ground many times and evenly. From coarse to fine, at least three types of oilstones should be used to polish it. After the oilstones are polished, there should be no knife marks, tool marks, or scratches. Then, the machine should use cowhide or cotton cloth wheels to polish it (cowhide throws strong light, cloth wheel throws soft light). - In the aspect of manual polishing of ancient jade, the Neoliths mainly used manual polishing, which was done by grinding stones with water and grinding fine sand. After the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the grinding machine was widely used to install grinding and polishing tools of different materials for processing. In addition to the ancient method, stone, wood, felt, rubber, leather, cloth, gourd, cloth, leather, etc. were also used for processing. - The hand-polishing process of the river grinding jade was divided into three steps: polishing, brushing, and polishing. It would use different grit sizes of oilstones (sand strips, sandpaper) to repeatedly polish, and then use cowhide or cloth wheels, polishing wax, etc. to repeatedly rub and polish. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

Common jade polishing equipment included: - The Nakanishi Electric Grinder EV410 - 230 was a Japanese electric grinder with a speed of up to 40,000. It was equipped with a carbonless motor, ENK -410S, with an output power of 73W and a moment of 4.3cN.m. It was suitable for precision grinding and polishing, such as jade grinding, polishing, engraving, etc. Its bearing structure did not require maintenance and was durable. - Jade vibration polishing machine, small batch automatic jade agate grinding machine vibration barrel grinding machine vibration barrel machine. - The Wanli Hanging Grinder could be used for carving, cutting, and polishing jade. It was a high-power grinding machine. - Electro-grinded and polished jade carving pen flexible shaft. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The polishing of jade was the final work of jade, and the jade carving industry was used to calling it "light work". It was a delicate job. Generally, jade with a little hardness, such as Hetian jade, needed to be polished with different types of oilstones along one side. From coarse to fine, different types of oilstones had to be polished many times and evenly. From coarse to fine, at least three types of oilstones had to be used for polishing. After the oilstones were polished thoroughly, there would be no knife marks, tool marks, or scratches. Then, they would be polished with cowhide or cotton cloth wheels (cowhide strong light polishing, cloth wheel soft polishing). Jade polishing was divided into machine polishing and hand polishing. Machine polishing took a short time and cost less, but it was easy to grind away the edges and corners of the fine carving work, leaving very rough carving marks on the details and gaps. Hand polishing took a long time and was expensive, leaving very subtle carving marks on the details and gaps. This was also an important basis to distinguish between machine polishing and hand polishing. Polishing was divided into sub-light, sub-light natural light, and light. The sub-light surface has a matte effect. You need to play with the oil inside the jade. The sub-light natural light is close to nature and gives off a slight weak light. The finished product will be polished to the same level as the uncarved part. The bright surface will be polished to be as bright as a mirror. The light and reflection will be strong. You can clearly see the jade structure, but it will increase the whiteness of the white jade. The polishing process consisted of grinding, brushing, and polishing. It involved a variety of tools such as sand bars (240, 320, or 360, 1500, 2000), sandpaper (1000, 2000), cowhide (for polishing), appropriate amount of water (to be washed when grinding), towel (to protect the goods and prevent the jade from moving), sponge (to absorb water and see the degree of rubbing), iron sand plate (matte bar), table lamp (see polishing details), and so on. Different colors and types of jade required different polishing requirements. For example, bracelets, bracelets, necklaces, rings, etc. were mostly bright, and most of the pieces were dull natural light. Jade polishing has its own specific process, the surface is coated with a pasty polishing powder (Green for Chromic Oxides, orange-red for Cerium Oxides), grind the surface with a 2,000-mesh grinding wheel, repeat twice before applying a brush. Coat the diamond powder with a hard brush, and then fine work. For small places that cannot be thrown by large tools, use bamboo (bamboo chopsticks for large places, bamboo toothpicks for small places) to dip in diamond powder and grind. Then use hard skin to polish, and then use an ultrasonic machine to clean. For places that cannot be cleaned, use alcohol to wipe, and then wax (wash off with boiling water and blow dry). Jade carving and polishing included rough grinding (using 1000 - 2000 mesh emery tools to polish it), fine grinding (using 1600 - 1800 mesh emery to polish it until it was shiny), brightening (using half-life cowhide tools dipped in polishing powder to repeatedly rub it to make it shiny), waxing (waterproof, anti-dirt pollution) and other processes. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The polishing of the jade pendant was the last step of perfecting it. The procedure included the following steps: 1. ** Grind (Roughening)**: Use a polishing tool to polish the rough surface of the jade pendant until it is smooth and smooth. This is the preparation work before polishing. During the process, you must pay attention not to damage the shape and decoration of the pendant. 2. ** Cover bright **: Rub the polishing powder (such as red powder, green powder) and the chisel on the surface of the jade pendant slowly to make the surface bright. The process was to first mix the polishing powder with an appropriate amount of water and oil, apply it on the weight wheel made of felt, leather, cotton cloth, etc., and then rub it slowly until the surface of the pendant was smooth. 3. ** Cleaning **: Use a solution to clean the dirt on the jade pendant. 4. Waxing: Wipe the wax on the hot jade pendant. After cooling down, wipe it with a cloth repeatedly to increase the brightness and smoothness of the surface. 5. ** Wipe **: After the first few processes, the jade pendant will be wiped, and the surface will be ground until it becomes smooth and delicate, and the color will be bright. In addition, there are some manual polishing methods, such as preparing 600# - 1200#polishing sandpaper for manual polishing.(But this method is more costly); And applying ointment (The surface of the carved jadeite is coated with a paste polishing powder made of chromate or ceric acid)(Grind the surface with a 2,000-mesh grinding wheel, and repeat the steps of applying paste and grinding twice), apply a brush (apply the diamond powder on the surface of the jade and throw it with a hard brush)(For small places that cannot be thrown by big tools, use bamboo dipped in diamond powder to throw and grind. For large places, use bamboo chopsticks. For small places, use bamboo toothpicks.) Jade polishing methods such as applying diamond powder on the jade and then polishing it with hard skin, using cowhide in China and elephant skin in Myanmar, cleaning (using an ultrasonic machine to clean the residual polishing powder, and wiping with alcohol in places that cannot be cleaned), waxing (a kind of protection for the surface of the finished jade, which can be washed off with boiling water and then dried), etc. could also be used to polish jade pendants. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The polishing process of the jade ware was as follows: 1. ** Roughly Grind **: First, choose to use No. 240, No. 280, or No. 320 oilstones to polish the product according to its thickness. When operating, he held the jade in his left hand and placed it on the side of the table for easy adjustment. He held the oilstone in his right hand and polished it. During the process, he had to repair the oilstone to maintain its sharpness, and he had to wipe it with a sponge frequently. He had to observe whether the process was polished in place and avoid any grinding and distortion. On the premise of retaining the original process, he had to smooth out the rough surface after carving. After completion, he had to repeatedly check if there were any gaps. 2. ** Finishing of the bottom plate (300#and 400#oilstones are generally used)**: The first polishing will form many irregular traces such as small surfaces and edges. It required a bamboo stick (the top was sharpened with a knife) and a special bottom plate (a sheet-shaped oilstone, made into different shapes according to the shape of the craft and punched in the middle). The bamboo stick was used to push the bottom plate repeatedly until the marks were removed. 3. ** Fine grinding (in jargon, it's called silk removal)**: Use a 600 or 800-gauge oilstone base plate to polish it again, and further flatten the fine traces on the surface. The method is similar to the base plate. After the completion, carefully check whether the craftsmanship, shape, skin connection, etc. are in place. 4. ** Polishing **: According to the texture of the material itself, the polishing process will be carried out. Different materials will throw out different luster, such as soft or bright luster, so that the jade will show a smooth texture. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

There were two main polishing methods for large jade articles: - ** Hand Toss **: - First, he used an electric tool to install a diamond drill bit to decorate the jade piece, and then he used a diamond file to repair it carefully. - Using 600# - 1200#polishing sandpaper, a large area of grinding was carried out with round sandpaper (from coarse sand to fine sand). - Use a circular cloth wheel to apply polishing paste to polish a large area, and then use a felt grinding head to apply polishing paste to polish the details. You can also use a rubber grinding head to polish directly. - Finally, it was hand-processed with 1200 sandpaper and then polished with diamond powder. - ** Machine Throwing **: - Buy a small jade jewelry barrel polishing machine for 300 - 500 yuan. - Buy Feizhan's 320# - 8000#emery from rough polishing to fine polishing. At the same time, you can buy triangular bead polishing particles, cold light powder, grinding polishing powder, etc. to polish in the polishing machine for a period of time to achieve a mirror effect. Different types of large-sized jade, such as jade, had a special polishing process: - ** Jade **: - Roughly grinding: Use (1000 - 2000 mesh) emery to make tools of various shapes and carefully polish them smooth. - Fine grinding: Use (1600 - 1800 mesh) emery to continue grinding according to the rough grinding method to make it smooth and shiny. - Bright: Use half-lived cowhide production tools to dip in polishing powder (3.5 um diamond powder) and rub it repeatedly to make the jade products bright inside and outside. - Wax: To prevent water and dirt pollution. The process is to first coat the surface with a layer of pasty polishing powder (Green for Chromic Oxides, orange-red for Cerium Oxides), grind the surface with a 2,000-mesh grinding wheel, repeat it twice, then apply a brush, apply the diamond powder on the surface of the jade, and then use a hard brush to polish it. Fine work, start to polish the small places that the big tools can't reach.(Use bamboo chopsticks for bigger ones, bamboo toothpicks for smaller ones, and dip them in diamond powder). Then, use the hard skin to polish it, then use an ultrasonic machine to clean it. Use alcohol to wipe the areas that can't be cleaned, then wax it. Finally, wash off the wax with boiling water and dry it with a hairdryer. Some details should be paid attention to during the polishing process. For example, for large jade articles with a certain hardness (such as Hetian jade), different types of oilstones should be used to polish them a little along one side. At least three types of oilstones should be used from coarse to fine. After the oilstones are polished, there should be no traces of knife marks. Then, the machine should be used to polish them with cowhide or cotton cloth wheels (cowhide throws strong light, cloth wheels throw soft light). Before polishing the cowhide or cloth wheels, it must be polished with oilstones. Otherwise, the effect will be poor and it will be troublesome to redo. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

In the process of polishing jade, emery cloth was a commonly used tool. From the information provided, it could be seen that when polishing jade, the sand cloth was used from coarse to fine. For example, in some jade processing processes, after the grinding, according to the depth of the grinding marks on the stone surface, 600 to 2000 mesh sandpaper would be used for the final fine grinding process. The sandpaper here was similar to the sand cloth, which played a role in gradually polishing the jade surface to make it smooth. In addition, there were also special jade polishing emery cloths on sale in the market. For example, there were records of a total of 1083 jade polishing emery cloths. Also, during the polishing process, different grit sizes of oilstones (sandpaper, sandpaper) would be used to repeatedly polish the jade. The sandpaper, sandpaper, and emery cloth here had similar functions. They were all used to polish and polish the jade. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The polishing and edging of jade ware was an important step in the processing of jade ware. In terms of polishing, it could be divided into machine polishing and manual polishing. Machine polishing had high efficiency and low cost, but it was easy to flatten the edges and corners of the details of the work, causing the work to lose its three-dimensional sense and tension, and there might be rough carving marks left in the details and gaps. Although manual polishing took a long time and cost a lot, it could deal with the details carefully, preserving the details of the work to the greatest extent without leaving any carving marks. From the classification of polishing effects, there were roughly sub-light, sub-light natural light, and bright light. For the river grinding jade, the polishing process included three steps: polishing, brushing, and polishing. It would be repeatedly polished with different grit sizes of oilstones (sand strips, sandpaper), and then repeatedly rubbed with cowhide or cloth wheels, polishing wax, etc., and modern hand polishing would also be done with the help of machines. In the general steps of polishing jade, it includes grinding (removing the rough), that is, grinding the surface of the semi-finished jade carving with a rubber roller to make it more delicate and flat;(such as felt, leather, cotton cloth, wood, gourd shell), rubbing and rotating the surface of the jade slowly to obtain a smooth and clean surface; cleaning and polishing the jade; waxing, rubbing the wax on the hot jade, and wiping the surface after cooling to make it crystal bright. The grinding and other operations were closely related to the grinding tools. The traditional grinding tools were shellac, cowhide, emery, oilstone, etc. In modern times, there were new tools such as emery sandblasting machines and ultrasonic cleaners. The polisher could use his skills to decorate and embellish the work, such as flattening the bottom plate, straightening out the heel, improving the oiliness, straightening out the lines, slightly modifying the appearance, covering the internal structure of the raw materials, and emphasizing the artistic conception of the work. Different polishing methods and polishing operations will make the jade show different effects, such as natural light.(It is mostly used for the handle of Xinjiang Hetian jade seed material. The surface is soft and natural without reflection), soft light (after the machine is combined with a little polishing powder, the speed and hand strength cannot be too big, the surface is soft and shiny, and it is mostly used for Xinjiang Hetian jade), high light (combined with polishing powder or diamond powder, the machine speed is faster, the brightness is brighter, and there is a "beauty" effect. It is often used for the surface treatment of Russian materials, Qinghai materials or low-grade seed materials). When evaluating the quality of the jade carving, it could be judged from the smoothness of the bottom plate (even if it was not polished, it could reflect the matte effect and no tool marks), the smooth lines (round, consistent thickness, natural transition), and the cleanliness of the feet (the blocks, lines, and surfaces were handled cleanly, and the connection points were clean). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>