The Origin and History of Yunnan
There were more than 100,000 people in the Baoshan area of Yunnan Province who called themselves "themselves". They had the surnames of A, Mang and Jiang. They were descendants of the Khitan tribe and now belonged to more than 10 ethnic groups. In the 1990s, this group of Khitan descendants was discovered in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province. However, there was no more information about their specific development process in Yunnan based on the available information.
The Origin of the Yunnan People
The indigenous people of Yunnan were ethnic minorities, mainly including the Yi, Hani, Dai, Bai, etc. Their origins could be traced back to the Yongzheng period in ancient times. They had lived in Yunnan since the late Neoliths. They had established ancient kingdoms such as Nanzhao and Dali, which had a profound impact on the lives and cultural development of local residents. The Han people in Yunnan were not indigenous. They had migrated from other places in different historical periods. As early as 221 - 217 B.C., Qin Shihuang sent people to build Wuchi Road and set up officials. These people settled down and reproduced along the way. This was probably the first batch of Han people to enter Yunnan. During the Three Kingdoms, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Han immigrants developed into "Nanzhong big surnames" and became big families. Shu Han, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and other political powers had to rely on Han Nanzhong big surnames and Yi Shuai to rule Yunnan. During this period, Yi and Han merged. During the Yuan Dynasty, some Han people entered Yunnan with the Mongolians and Hui people. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang sent generals to lead troops from Yingtian Prefecture in Nanjing to Yunnan. After the pacification, the army was stationed. Later, the population moved into Yunnan many times, and the immigration reached 1.5 million. After the Qing Dynasty, Han people came to Yunnan to do business, survive, and develop.
The History of the Ancient Dian Kingdom in Yunnan
The ancient Dian Kingdom existed between 278 B.C. and 115 A.D. Its territory included parts of Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province and Sichuan Province. The origin of the ancient Dian Kingdom was related to the Chu Kingdom. After Zhuang Yan was ordered to conquer Dianchi Lake and other places, the Chu Kingdom was destroyed by the Qin Dynasty and the road to return to the country was cut off, so he stayed in Dianchi Lake and became the King of Dian. The political system and social structure of the ancient Dian Kingdom were complicated. There might be tribal alliances and hereditary systems. The ruler was called the King of Dian, and the way he was born might be hereditary or through other means. The economy was mainly based on agriculture and animal husbandry. At the same time, it also developed a certain degree of craftsmanship and commerce. Its culture had strong local characteristics, such as bronze ware, pottery, jade ware, stone carving, etc. The exquisite craftsmanship and unique shape of bronze ware were regarded as the "treasures of Dian culture". Religious beliefs mainly worshipped natural gods and ancestral gods, but there were also traces of primitive religion. Music was mainly based on percussion instruments, and dance forms were cheerful and unrestrained. In 109 B.C.(the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), the Dian Kingdom surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave the seal of the King of Dian, allowing the King of Dian to continue to manage his subjects and set up Yizhou Prefecture in the local area. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the promotion and consolidation of the county system and the migration of a large number of Han people, the ancient Dian Kingdom and the Dian people gradually disintegrated, merged, assimilated, and finally disappeared completely. However, the Records of the Historian had a brief record of the Dian Kingdom, and there were still many confusing parts of its history. The novel "The Legend of Dian Kingdom in Clouds as Deep as the Sea" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
The origin and history of roses
Rose was first differentiated from wild roses. It belonged to the same species of rose as rose and rose. Its origin could be traced back to the tertiary period of geological age, about 60 million years ago. This conclusion came from the leaf fossils of the original species of the Eocene rose found in Fushun area, Liaoning Province, China. In 1883, Oligocene-era rose fossils were discovered in the United States, and it also indicated that there were roses on Earth tens of millions of years ago. Roses were born in the northern part of China, North Korea, Japan, Russia and other parts of the northern hemisphere. In China, the history of rose cultivation could be traced back to the Han Dynasty more than 2000 years ago. The Xijing Miscellany mentioned that there was a "rose tree" planted in the Leyou Garden of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. However, the "rose" in the Records of the Historian and the First Aid Chapter written by Shi You of the Western Han Dynasty did not refer to flowers. It was probably named after the Han Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, poems on roses had mentioned the relationship between roses and Chinese roses. In foreign countries, roses were widely planted in ancient Babylon and ancient Greece. In ancient Greek architectural decorations, coin casting, and Crete murals, there were sculptures and paintings with roses as the theme. In the early years of the Christian era, when the Roman Empire was flourishing, the ancient Egyptians sold roses from Southwest Asia to Rome. After the 12th century, the rose planting industry rose in various European countries, and rose planting in Britain was particularly prominent. In the 13th century French fable, The Legend of the Rose, roses symbolized noble women. The War of the Roses (War of the Roses) took place in England between 1455 and 1485. The emblems of the two sides were red roses and white roses. Later, England used roses (actually ancient roses in Europe) as their national flower and changed the royal emblem to red and white roses. The cultivation of roses by the people of various countries had formed a huge family. At present, there were at least 16000 varieties of roses in the world. Among them, the hybrid tea rose was the offspring of four China rose varieties that were introduced to Europe in the second half of the 18th century and crossbred with local varieties. In terms of cultural significance, from ancient Greek mythology to medieval European Christian culture, and then to modern society, roses have always been given different symbolic meanings. In ancient Greek mythology, the story of the goddess Aphrodite made it a symbol of love and beauty. In medieval Europe, roses were called the "flower of the Virgin Mary", symbolizing loyalty, piety, and purity. In modern society, red roses became one of the most common ways to express love. "Hugging You in the Wind of the City" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!
The Origin and History of Mars
The formation of Mars was related to the formation of the solar system. The formation of the solar system began with a huge cloud of gas and dust consisting of gas (mainly hydrogen and some helium) and tiny dust particles, known as the solar nebula or the primitive nebula. The formation of Mars could be divided into four stages: 1. Dust accumulation stage: In the early stages of the solar system, a large amount of dust and gas clouds gradually gathered to form the original material of Mars. 2. Planet condensation stage: As the dust and matter further gathered, the core of Mars gradually formed. Its core was mainly composed of iron-Ni alloy, which played a decisive role in Mars 'lower density and smaller volume. 3. Planetary growth phase: After the core is formed, Mars begins to absorb the surrounding gas and dust, and its size gradually increases. This process continues for millions of years until it reaches its current size. 4. Atmospheric Formation Stage: During the growth of the planet, the surface temperature of Mars gradually rises, causing the frozen material to melt and release a large amount of gas. These gases gradually form the atmosphere of Mars. Planetary collisions also played an important role in the evolution of Mars. About four billion years ago, there were a large number of asteroids and comets in the solar system. They collided with Mars, which had a profound impact on the formation and evolution of Mars. Many giant craters and canyons on the surface of Mars might have been formed by the collision of debris. Regarding the origin of life on Mars and the relationship between Mars and Earth, some people believed that Mars might be the earliest planet in the solar system to have life. At least 4 billion years ago, life might have existed on Mars. There were also studies that suggested that life on Earth might have originated on Mars, for example, it might have been sent to Earth by Mars meteorites. The climate of Mars in ancient times may have been very habitable. From 3.5 billion years ago, Mars experienced a "great oxidization period." Through simulations, it was possible that there was a liquid ocean on Mars three billion years ago. The novel "Mars of Paradise" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to read it!
The Origin and History of Guizhou
Guizhou was named after Guishan, because Guizhou was called Qianzhong in ancient times, so it was called Guizhou for short. Before the Spring and Autumn Period, the northeastern part of Guizhou belonged to Jingchu, and the rest of the area was generally called Nanman. There were many tribes, and the famous one was the country of Qianyu. From the late Warring States Period to the early Western Han Dynasty, Yelang was the most powerful local regime in the southwest. In 135 B.C., Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Tang Meng as an envoy to Yelang. After negotiations, the Marquis of Yelang agreed to set up prefectures and counties in his territory. In 126 B.C., Yelang County and Qielan County were established. In 111 B.C., the county was set up. In 25 B.C., the Yelang Kingdom was destroyed, and the county system was finally established in the Yelang area. During the Three Kingdoms period, most of the southwest belonged to the Shu Han regime, and Guizhou belonged to the counties of Yayu, Zhuti, Xinggu, Jianghan, and Fuling. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties of the Jin Dynasty, in addition to the establishment of the county, the remote areas also belonged to Zhuti, Jianghan and other counties. During the Sui Dynasty, there were two counties in Guizhou, namely, Yuzhou and Mingyang. Today, the northeastern part of Guizhou belongs to Qian 'an County and Yuanling County. During the Tang Dynasty, the system of Jingzhi Prefecture and Jimi Prefecture was implemented in Guizhou today. The Jingzhi Prefecture established in Guizhou included Bozhou and Sizhou, while the Jimi Prefecture established in Guizhou included Juzhou and Manzhou. During the Song Dynasty, the current Guizhou area mainly belonged to Kuizhou Road, while the other areas belonged to Kuizhou Road, Jinghu North Road, Tongchuan Road, Guangnan West Road, Jiannan West Road, Jiannan East Road, etc. In 974 AD, Pugui, the leader of the indigenous people, submitted to the Song Dynasty with the Ju Prefecture under his control. The Song Dynasty had written in the imperial edict that "Guizhou is the only place in the world, far away in the wilderness." This was the earliest record of the area under the name of Guizhou. During the Yuan Dynasty, the chieftain system was implemented all over Guizhou, which belonged to Huguang, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. During the Ming Dynasty, the establishment of the Guizhou Administrative Commissioner Department and the official establishment of Guizhou Province was the beginning of Guizhou's name. During the Qing Dynasty, Zunyi Prefecture and its subordinate counties in Sichuan were transferred to Guizhou. The novel "Taoist Qianshan" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
The Origin and History of Jingwei
The Jing surname mainly had the following origins: 1. ** Originated from the surname Ji **: From the descendants of the Duke of Dan Jing of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was based on the posthumous title of the ancestor. 2. ** Originated from the surname Gui **: It originated from Jingguo Jun, the descendant of Jingzhong, the son of Duke Li of Chen in the Spring and Autumn Period. It was based on the posthumous title of the ancestor. After Jing Zhong fled to the State of Qi, his descendants, the Tian family, controlled the State of Qi. Tian Ying, the Lord of Jing Guo, was the son of King Wei of Qi and was granted the title of Xue Di. Among his descendants, there were those who took his posthumous title "Jing Guo" as their surname and called them Jing Guo. Later, the provincial text simplified them into single surnames Jing and Guo. 3. ** Originated from Manchu **: From the ancient Jurchen Jingjia tribe, it belongs to the Han surname. In terms of history, the Jing family had migrated. The descendants of the Jing family who migrated from the big pagoda tree in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province were mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan and other places. In addition, there was the historical event of the "Jingnan Incident". Zhu Di launched a rebellion in the name of "clearing the emperor's side and calming the internal difficulties". The "Jing" here meant to calm down and stabilize. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!
The Origin and History of Dunhuang
The word "Dunhuang" was first seen in Zhang Qian's report to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Records of the Historian·Biography of Dawan. As for its etymology, most modern scholars believe that it is not Chinese, but may be a Chinese transliteration of the local minority language. For example, the Japanese scholar Fujita Toyohachi has verified that it is a transliteration of Tokhara, and the China scholar Cen Zhongmian believes that it is "Taugas". However, it has existed as an official place name in the Records of the Historian written in 104 - 91 B.C. In 111 B.C., the Han Dynasty officially established Dunhuang County. Before the Warring States Period, Dunhuang was a place where nomads lived, and there were many rock paintings from that time. Before the Qin Dynasty, the Yue people were active in the Hexi Corridor, including Dunhuang. Later, they were defeated by the Xiongnu and moved westward. The Hexi Corridor was occupied by the Xiongnu. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, Huo Qubing defeated the Xiongnu. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first established Wuwei and Jiuquan prefectures, then divided Wuwei into Zhangye and Wuwei prefectures, while Jiuquan was divided into Jiuquan and Dunhuang prefectures. Dunhuang became an important town for the Han Empire to manage the Western Regions. The Han Dynasty built the Great Wall and beacon towers in the Hexi Corridor, and set up Yangguan Pass and Yumen Pass, consolidating the position of Dunhuang as a fortress. The southern route of the Silk Road opened by Zhang Qian passed through Dunhuang, and the new road opened by the Tang Dynasty also passed through Dunhuang. Dunhuang became the center and transit station of trade between China and the West, as well as the "throat lock" of the traffic between China and the West, which promoted the trade and cultural exchange between China and the West. Grape and pomegranate were introduced into China, Chinese silk and the four great inventions were spread to the West, and religious cultures such as Buddhism, Buddhism and Buddhism were also exchanged here. With the spread of Buddhist culture to the east, the artistic image of Flying Apsaras appeared in Dunhuang and became indigenous. In history, the Returning Army led by Zhang Yichao had reached an agreement with the tribe elders. They raised the Tang flag and fought alone for more than ten years, recovering Shazhou and other places. There was also the " Daughter of Dunhuang " Chang Shana. She was born in France. When she was 12 years old, she returned to the motherland with her father and entered the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang. She and her father copied murals for decades and inherited the culture of Dunhuang. The novel " Gilded Palm " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Yunnan Self-study of Ancient Chinese Literature History: Memory Skills
If you want to better remember the history of ancient Chinese literature, you can try the following techniques: Divided Memory: Divide the entire literary history into chapters or stages so that it is easier to remember related topics and characters. 2. Create connections: connect different chapters or stages as if they were a whole so that you can better understand and remember the theme and characters in literary history. 3. Mind map: Mind map can be used to sort out and summarize the topics and characters in the history of literature to better remember the relevant information. Read and write more: Read books and articles related to literary history and try to write down your own notes and thoughts so that you can better understand and remember the theme and characters in literary history. 5. Combination with other disciplines: Combining the history of ancient Chinese literature with other disciplines such as history, philosophy, literature, etc. can better understand the theme and characters in the history of literature and connect them with the wider world.
The Origin and History of Country Fictions
Country novels originated in the early 20th century in the United States. They were novels that described rural life and the peasant class. In the 1920s and 1930s, there were many works such as James Joyce's Ulysses and Robert Frost's The Catcher in the Rye. These novels explored village life and culture and revealed the social classes and problems of the time. As time passed, the style and theme of the village novel continued to develop. In the 1950s and 1960s, there were many works such as William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury and George Orwell's 1984. These novels depicted rural life in the process of modernisation and explored issues of political power and control. In the 21st century, country novels have gained a renewed interest, such as Margaret Atwood's Escape from Home and Margaret Atwood's Home. These novels revealed the complexity and cultural differences of rural communities and explored the problems of rural life in modern society.
The origin and history of fantasy novels?
Fantasy novels originated from traditional Chinese culture, and their history could be traced back to ancient times. In ancient China, novels were regarded as an important cultural form, often depicting myths, legends, historical events, and characters. Fantasy novels first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, such as Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio and Journey to the West. These novels usually depicted various supernatural beings and events such as ghosts, monsters, immortals, demons, etc. As time passed, fantasy novels gradually developed into a literary genre and were welcomed by modern readers. Modern fantasy novels usually include fantasy, science fiction, martial arts, romance and many other elements. Their origins can be traced back to the early 20th century. Fantasy novels had different characteristics and forms of expression in different periods and cultures. Although it is still popular in modern times, its origin and history can be traced back to ancient times.