Four Stages in the History of Flight Vehicle Development

The history of human flight could be divided into the following four stages: 1. [The exploration period of flight (before the 20th century): During this period, humans began to explore flight, such as the success of balloon flight and the rise of airships. At the same time, they also explored and tested aircraft.] For example, in 1783, the balloons designed by the French brothers Joseph Michels and Jacques Mongofié successfully flew over Paris in two months, and ten days later, the hydrogen balloons of their competitors, Jacques Alexandre Charles and Nicholas Louis Robert, flew 25 miles and stayed in the air for more than two hours. In 1809 - 1810, the British philosopher Sir George Kelly published "On Air Navigation", which determined the four forces of flight (gravity, lift, drag, and thrust); Leonardo da Vinci's "Principles of Bird Flight" also laid the early foundation for aviation development. 2. ** The piston-engine aircraft period (early 20th century to the mid-40s)**: During this period, aircraft flight became a reality and gradually developed. On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers successfully flew into the blue sky after four test flights. This was a major breakthrough in the history of human flight, even though the longest flight time was only 15 seconds and the flight distance was 66 meters. 3. ** From the beginning of the use of powered aircraft in 1914 to the subsequent development stage **: Since 1914, humans began to use powered aircraft. With the outbreak of the First World War, aircraft were used in war and their prospects were constantly changing. During this period, large-scale industrial production of aircraft related equipment, such as the Ispano-Suza engine, etc. 4. ** Modern Stage (From supersonic jet to modern development)**: Including the development of modern aviation technology, such as the emergence of supersonic jet, the commercial aviation industry has greatly changed the concept of distance in the world, and military aircraft has also become an important tool that affects the outcome of war. At the same time, it also included the research and development of modern personal aircraft. For example, in the 1950s, the United States began to study personal aircraft. Later countries also continued to carry out related research and development, but they faced problems such as endurance, load, noise, safety, cost, etc. However, they continued to develop as technology advanced. The novel "Hundred Years of Spaceship" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

Different flight missions had different flight phases. The following were the phases of several common flight missions: - ** Airplane Civil Flight **: Including Taxiing Stage (Taxiing from the apron to the runway may require a guide car when the weather is bad. Large passenger planes can be assisted by cameras, while small and medium-sized passenger planes rely more on pilot experience. After arriving at the destination, taxi from the runway to the parking space), take-off stage (release the brake from the runway end to leave the ground to reach the specified height, pay attention to the take-off decision speed, wheel lifting speed, take-off safety speed, etc.), flight stage (during flight, you must abide by relevant regulations, such as turning on the flight mode, etc.), landing stage (facing the influence of weather and crosswinds, although there is an automatic landing system, the captain also needs to skillfully control the aircraft to correct the impact and land along the runway center line). - Chang'e-5 Flight: Launch into orbit, Earth-Moon transfer, near-moon braking, lunar flight, landing and descent, lunar surface work, lunar surface ascent, rendezvous, docking and sample transfer, lunar waiting, lunar transfer, and re-entry recovery. - [Chang'e-6 Flight]: Launch into orbit, Earth-Moon transfer, near-moon braking, lunar orbit, landing, lunar surface, lunar surface ascent, rendezvous, docking, sample transfer, lunar orbit, lunar transfer, re-entry and return. - ** China's Manned Space Flight (Take Shenzhou as an example)**: The first stage is the single-ship flight test stage, such as the basic design test of Shenzhou V's manned spacecraft, the multi-person and multi-day in-orbit flight test of Shenzhou VI, and the first spacewalk of Shenzhou VII. The second phase was jointly carried out by the Shenzhou spacecraft and the Tiangong Experimental Space Station. For example, Shenzhou 8 completed the space rendezvous, docking, and separation experiments with Tiangong 1, and Shenzhou 9 sent female astronauts into space and accurately docked with Tiangong. The novel "Hundred Years of Spaceship" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

Flight preparation included four stages: flight preparation, flight preparation, flight implementation, and flight evaluation. Flight preparation was usually completed on the first day or before the flight mission. It required sufficient preparation, predicting various complicated situations that might occur, and drafting flight dispatch plans. Flight preparation was based on flight preparation. It included studying the weather conditions, checking the flight preparation and ground support work before the flight, and deciding to release the aircraft. Flight implementation was the actual flight operation process. Flight commentary was a summary and evaluation of the entire flight process. The novel " Hundred Years of Spaceship " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

The development of calculators could be roughly divided into the following four stages: 1. ** Early calculator stage **: The early calculators were purely hand-operated, such as the abacus that originated from the Sumerian civilization around 2700 - 2300 B.C., and the counting stick. Later, in the early 17th century, the calculation tools in Western countries developed rapidly. For example, the British mathematician Napier invented the Napier counting stick, and the British priest Oaklock invented the cylindrical log ruler. It could perform a variety of calculations and laid the foundation for the development of modern calculators. These early calculators were purely manual or mechanical, and they were the first form of calculator development. 2. ** The era of vacuum tubes and computers (1946 - 1957)**: During this period, vacuum tubes were used as the basic components. For example, the world's first electronic computer, ENIAC, was born in 1946. It used more than 18000 vacuum tubes and could perform 5000 addition and deduction operations per second. It weighed 30 tons, occupied an area of 170 square meters, and consumed 25 kilograms of electricity. The operation instructions were written for specific tasks. Each machine had its own machine language, and its functions were limited and slow. It used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums to store data. It was mainly used for military and scientific calculations, such as calculating ballistae and the development of hydrogen bombs. The computers of this period were also an important stage in the development of calculators. 3. ** The era of the transistor-based computer (1958 - 1964)**: After the invention of the transistor-based computer in 1948, the computer logic components used the transistor-based computer to replace the vacuum tube, and the computing speed increased to tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of times per second. The core memory was generally used as the main memory, and the disk and tape were used as the external memory. High-level programming languages such as Ada, Fortun, and COBOL appeared, and the concept of an operating system was also proposed. Compared to the previous generation, this generation of computers was smaller in size, lighter in weight, faster in speed, more powerful in logic operations, and more reliable. Its application fields expanded to data processing, industrial control, and so on. 4. ** Integrated Circuit Computer Era (1965-present)**: This era can be further divided into the Small and Medium-scale Integrated Circuit Era (1965 - 1971) and the Large Scale Integrated Circuit Computer Era (1972-present). In the era of small and medium-scale integrated circuits, computers used small and medium-scale integrated circuits as logic components. Semi-conductor memories began to replace core memories. High-level languages and operating systems were further developed. With time-sharing operating systems, the volume and power consumption of computers were further reduced, and the reliability and computing speed were further improved. In addition to scientific computing, applications were extended to business management, automatic control, auxiliary design, auxiliary manufacturing, and other fields. They could also process images, text, and other data. In the era of large-scale integrated circuit computers, logic components became large-scale integrated circuits and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, resulting in the creation of processors. Concepts such as parallel, pipeline, high-speed memory, and virtual memory were also applied. At present, the number of computers we use can reach up to hundreds of millions, and the computing speed can reach hundreds of millions of times per second. "A Short History of the Future: Legends of the Intelligent Era" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!

The development of aircraft could be roughly divided into the following four stages: 1. Early exploration stage: In 1783, humans took to the sky in balloons, which were lighter than the air. This was the initial realization of the human dream of flying. Before 1903, it could be seen as the early exploration stage of aircraft development. During this period, humans were constantly experimenting with various flight technologies and aircraft design concepts. 2. Initial Stage of Development: In 1903, the first aircraft heavier than air, the plane, was officially manned. This was an important milestone in the development of aircraft. After that, aircraft technology began to gradually develop, from the initial simple structure to more complex and more diverse functions. Early aircraft faced many problems, such as poor engine quality and prone to crashes. Later, engineers continued to improve, such as Russian engineers adding rudders and empennage at the tail of the aircraft. 3. Military application and improvement phase: During the First World War in 1915, aircraft began to have military uses. For example, the Russian army loaded bombs on the aircraft and blew up the German railway station to start the bomber era. Since then, the aircraft has been continuously improved to adapt to military needs, such as extending the wings in order to load more bombs. Later, it was improved to a streamlined thick wing design. At this stage, the aircraft continued to develop in the military field. At the same time, civil aircraft also had certain developments, such as adding a water-tight cabin at the bottom of the aircraft to carry passengers. 4. Modern multi-functional development stage: From the middle of the 20th century, the development of aircraft entered the modern multi-functional stage. The types of aircraft were more abundant and the functions were more diverse. For example, in the 1980s, the Soviet Union developed space shuttles for the development of the aerospace industry, as well as modern large aircraft such as the boeing 737, which provided large-scale personnel transportation in civil aviation. In the military, they developed various advanced fighter planes, transport planes, and other aircraft with different functions. The novel " Hundred Years of Spaceship " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

The history of computer development can be divided into the following four stages: 1. 1854 - 1890, 1890-early 20th century: Early stages of development, laying the foundation for subsequent computer development. 2. Mid-20th century: The first generation of computers came out. They used vacuum tubes as the main components. They were huge in size and slow in operation. They were mainly used in scientific computing and military fields. They were expensive and complicated to operate. 3. In the late 20th century, the second-generation computer used the transistors to replace the vacuum tubes. The third-generation computer used integrated circuits, and the fourth-generation computer was born with a processor. The size of the computer continued to shrink, the performance continued to improve, the cost gradually decreased, and the application field continued to expand. It gradually spread from the commercial and industrial fields to ordinary families. The software also developed from a simple instruction interface to a graphic user interface. All kinds of application software emerged one after another. 4. Now, in the Internet age, computers were interconnected through the Internet. Cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, and other emerging technologies were constantly emerging. Computer technology continued to be innovative and developed. Research in cutting-edge fields such as quantum computers and biological computers was also underway. " A Short History of the Future: Legends of the Intelligent Era " was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!

The development of automaton mainly showed different stages of development in terms of process control and motion control. In terms of process control, the development went through the following four stages: 1. Manual control stage: Industrial production was initially done manually, resulting in low production efficiency and unstable quality. 2. Single variable control stage: With the development of the industry, it began to control a single variable (such as temperature, pressure, etc.) to improve production efficiency and stability. 3. The proportional-integral-derivative control (PID control) stage was an important automatic control technology that could precisely control physical processes and improve production efficiency and stability. 4. [Non-linear control stage: Control method for complex processes, effective control of non-linear systems.] In terms of motion control, the four stages of development were as follows: 1. The servo-system stage was the foundation of motion control, providing precise position and speed control. 2. In the logic control stage, the logic controller can perform logic control such as switch control and position switching. 3. "The control stage of the controller: The controller can coordinate multiple servos to achieve more complex motion control. 4. [The motion controller stage: Able to control multi-axis motion and improve the flexibility of the system.] "A Short History of the Future: Legends of the Intelligent Era" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!

The four stages of development in novels can be categorized as follows: 1. Fantasy stage: In this stage, the story will usually describe a supernatural or fantasy world or tell some fantasy stories such as magic, mythology, etc. 2. Reality stage: After the fantasy stage, the story may start to tell stories related to the real world, such as news reports, historical events, etc. 3. Horror stage: Horror novels usually appear at this stage to attract readers by describing horror and horror scenes and plots. 4. Love Stage: Romance novels usually enter this stage to describe the emotional entanglements between the protagonists and the unfolding of the love story.

The first stage was the origin which was closely tied to early Christian teachings. Then came the Middle Ages when it was more about religious allegories. After that, the Reformation brought new perspectives. Next was the Victorian era with its popular moral - laden Christian novels. And now in modern times, it has branched into various sub - genres.