Show the internal and external parameters of the camera
The internal parameters of the camera included: - The light-sensitive device could be regarded as the heart of a digital camera. - Aperture: Used to control the amount of light entering the camera, affecting the depth of field and other effects. - [Focus: determines the angle of view and the magnifying factor.] - Shutter: Control the length of time the light shines on the sensor. - Depth-of-field: It refers to the distance between the front and back of the object that can be obtained from the front of the camera lens or other imagers. - Light sensitivity: Reflects the sensitivity of the camera's light sensor to light. It can be set to the automatic gear for daily shooting. When using the manual gear (M gear), it can be manually adjusted to control the image exposure. - White balance: Automatic white balance (AWB) can basically meet the needs of daily shooting. In special scenes or when you want to change the image effect, you can manually control it, such as using the built-in scene mode, manually adjusting the K value, etc. - Picture Styles: The camera has a variety of built-in photo styles. You can choose the "standard" style for daily use. If you have special needs, you can choose another style. - Metering modes: Including evaluation (Nikon Matrix Metering, Sony-called Multi-Metering), Spot Metering, Spot Metering, Center Metering, etc., the most commonly used evaluation. - Focus mode: For daily shooting, choose AF-S + single point autofocus. For shooting moving objects, choose AF-C + extended focus. External parameters of the camera (external settings that may affect the shooting, etc.): - The parameters related to the short film shooting function, such as whether it has the function of shooting video files. - The parameters related to the recording function, such as the recording function of the microphone that came with the digital camera. - When shooting a video, the video resolution (for example, when shooting with a mobile phone, the video resolution can be adjusted to 1080 to make the picture clearer), frame rate (30 frames can be used for still pictures, and 60 frames can be used for moving pictures to make the effect smoother), reference line (turning on the reference line in the mobile phone camera helps to compose the picture and shoot a horizontal or vertical picture) and other parameters. In addition, the way you hold the phone will also affect the stability of the shot. You can use the selfie stick to fix the phone to reduce the shaking. - The photo format (there are both the original and JPG format. You can choose the JPG format later, and you can choose the original format for editing later), size (you can set it to a large size for daily use), picture quality (you can set it to a high quality for daily use, but you may need to adjust it to M or S size for shooting news topics according to the situation to speed up the production), and other related parameters. In Aperture priority/Shutter priority mode, the exposure compensation was usually set at "0EV", but it had to be adjusted according to the "white plus black minus" rule. Read more exciting novels for free
Calculating the internal and external parameters of the camera
The internal parameters of the camera included: 1. ** Picture format, size, and quality **: There are two types of photo format: RAW and JPG. You can choose JPG format if you don't need post-processing. If you need post-editing, you can choose RAW format. The daily shooting size can be set to large size, and the picture quality can be set to high quality. However, the size can be adjusted to M or S when shooting news topics and other situations that require fast production. 2. ** White Balance **: Automatic White Balance (AWB) can basically meet the needs of daily shooting. In special scenes or when you want to change the image effect, you can manually control it, such as using the built-in scene mode, manually adjusting the K value, etc. 3. ** Light sensitivity (USB)**: For daily shooting, you can set it to the "STAR"(Automatic Light sensitivity). When you use the manual gear (M), you can manually adjust it to control the image exposure. 4. ** Picture Style **: The camera has a variety of photo styles. It is recommended to choose the "standard" style for daily shooting unless you have special needs or want to try other styles. 5. ** Metering Mode **: Including evaluation measuring (Nikon Matrix Metering, Sony-called Multi-Metering), spot measuring, partial measuring, center-emphasized measuring, etc. The most commonly used is evaluation measuring. 6. ** Focus Mode **: For daily shooting, you usually choose AF-S + single-point autofocus. When shooting moving objects, you choose AF-C + extended focus. 7. ** exposure compensation **: In aperture priority/shutter priority mode, it is usually set to "0EV", but it has to be adjusted according to the "white plus black minus" rule. The external parameters of the camera may involve some indicators related to the camera hardware, such as the sensor (which is the heart of the digital camera), as well as lens-related parameters, but the reference did not mention the lens-related external parameters in detail. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The relationship between the internal and external parameters of the camera
The internal parameters of the camera mainly included light sensitivity (USB), shutter speed, aperture, AF-ON, depth of field button, M-GN, image confirmation, lens aberration correction, high USB noise reduction, unequipped memory card release shutter, gridline, white balance, color temperature, saturation, etc. These internal parameters affected each other and were also related to external parameters such as the external shooting environment of the camera. The higher the sensitivity value, the brighter the picture, but the higher the value, the lower the quality of the picture and the more noise. The higher the shutter speed, the less light entering, and the lower the brightness of the picture. On the contrary, the higher the light entering, the brighter the picture. However, the shutter speed should not be too low when shooting high-speed moving objects to avoid blurring the picture. The larger the aperture value, the smaller the aperture, the deeper the depth of field, the less light entering, and the darker the picture. On the contrary, the lighter the depth of field, the more light entering, the brighter the picture. AF-ON can be set to switch between single-shot focus, autofocus, and servo-autofocus, which affects the focus mode. The depth of field button can be set to the photo style to choose portrait or landscape shooting. M-GN can be set to drive mode, focus mode, white balance, and light measurement mode. After clicking M-mn, the settings can be switched. Image confirmation can set the time the photo stays on the camera, which is convenient to check the effect of the photo. The sensitivity can be adjusted by setting the minimum and maximum values; the peripheral brightness correction, distortion correction, digital lens optimization and other operations in the lens aberration correction affect the dark angle and distortion of the picture; the high Iso noise reduction can adjust the brightness of the picture in dark environments; the setting of releasing the shutter when the memory card is not installed is related to whether the shutter can be pressed when the memory card is not installed; the grid line can be used as the reference line for composition; The white balance color temperature affected the color of the screen. If it was less than 5200, it would be cold, and if it was greater than 5200, it would be warm. The saturation affected the color of the screen. The external parameters, such as the light intensity of the shooting environment, would affect the settings of the internal parameters. When the light is dim, you may need to increase the sensitivity, reduce the shutter speed, and increase the aperture to ensure enough light. When shooting external situations such as high-speed moving objects (such as sports events), the shutter speed needs to be set higher. When shooting different subjects such as people or scenery (external parameters), you can use the depth of field button to set the photo style to better shoot. Internal parameters such as white balance and saturation needed to be adjusted accordingly to achieve the ideal color effect under different shooting scenes (external parameters). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
External parameters of the camera
The external parameters of the camera were parameters in the world coordinate system, mainly referring to the rotation and translation matrix between the camera systems, such as the position and rotation direction of the camera. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What are the external parameters of the camera?
The external parameters of the camera were the parameters in the world coordinate system, such as the camera's position, rotation direction, and so on. In terms of specific values, there were six external parameters of the camera, including the rotation parameters of the three axes (<anno data-annotation-id ="00000000 - 4110 - 4445 - 9999 - 9999 - 9999999999999"></anno>,<anno data-annotation-id ="2f0000c8 - 4f08 - 4f10 - 4f08 - 8f001111100000"></anno>). Combining the 3×3 rotation matrices of each axis (first matrix multiplication) to obtain R (size 3×3) that gathered the information of the three rotation axes, as well as the translation parameters of the three axes of T (Ti, Ty, Tz). R and T were combined into a 3×4 matrix, which was the key to converting to the coordinates of the label paper. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Internal and external parameters of industrial cameras
The intrinsic parameters of the camera were parameters related to the camera's own characteristics, such as the focal length of the camera, the size of the camera, etc. The intrinsic parameters of the camera were parameters in the world coordinate system, such as the position of the camera, the direction of rotation, etc. The camera was a map between the world coordinates and the pixel-based coordinates. When the world coordinates and the pixel-based coordinates of the control points were known, the map could be calculated. After the calculation, the world coordinates of the control points could be inferred from the pixel-based coordinates, and then subsequent operations such as measurement could be carried out. This kind of calibration-based method was also known as hidden parameters calibration-based method because it did not calculate the internal parameters of the camera (such as the focal length of the camera, the distortion coefficient of the camera, etc.). In the process of image measurement and machine vision applications, in order to determine the relationship between the three-dimensional geometric position of a point on the surface of a spatial object and its corresponding point in the image, a geometric model of the camera image must be established. These geometric model parameters are the camera parameters. Under most conditions, these parameters need to be obtained through experiments and calculations. This solution process is called camera calibration1. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Various parameters of the camera external reference matrix
The external parameters matrix described how the points in the world coordinate system were transformed into points in the camera coordinate system through translation and rotation. where the index c represents the coordinates in the camera coordinate system, the index w represents the coordinates in the world coordinate system, R represents the rotation matrix, and t represents the translation matrix. The external parameters matrix was actually the alignment of the world coordinate system of a certain point P and the camera coordinate system. That is, after translation and rotation, the two coordinate systems could be completely overlapped. For example, in the rotation transformation in two-dimensional space, a certain point P in different coordinate systems can be represented by the base variables in different coordinate systems.(Among them, xc, yc, xw, and yw are the unit orthonormal base matrices in the coordinate system.) Through these relationships, the meaning of the parameters of the rotation matrix can be obtained: the first column of the rotation matrix represents the direction of the Xw axis in the world coordinate system in the camera coordinate system; the second column of the rotation matrix represents the direction of the Yw axis in the world coordinate system in the camera coordinate system; and so on for the transformation matrix in three-dimensional space. Moreover, when the camera motion is considered, the external parameters matrix will change accordingly based on the initial matrix and each motion matrix (for example, when the camera moves in R1 and t1, the matrix of the motion will be multiplied by the original matrix, etc.). In addition, for the external reference of the non-overlapping field of view camera, one of the calibrations was to construct two similar maps and find all the matching map points. The external reference parameters were the transformation relationship between the maps, which also involved the reflection of the relevant parameters of the external reference matrix in different scenarios. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
How to get the internal parameters matrix of the camera
The camera intrinsic parameters matrix can be obtained through camera calibration1. Given the world coordinates and the coordinates of the control points, the process of calculating the world coordinates and the coordinates of the control points was called camera alignment. Once this relationship was solved, the camera's intrinsic parameters matrix could be determined. The internal parameters of the camera were related to the characteristics of the camera itself, such as the focal length of the camera, the size of the camera, etc. The parameters in the internal parameters matrix included the focal length (such as fx and fy in the horizontal and vertical directions), the coordinates of the main point (such as cx and cy), and so on. For example, the internal reference matrix could be expressed as a 3x3 matrix containing these parameters. The real lens may also have factors such as the camera's internal parameters, such as the distortion of the radius and the thickness. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Baidu photography bar car show camera parameters
The following are some suggestions for setting the camera parameters during the auto show: ##1. Choice of camera lens You can prepare a wide-angle, large-aperture, fixed-focus lens (such as 35mm f1.2) for shooting large scenes, and a 70 - 20mm f2.8 medium-length zoom lens for close-ups. ##2. Shooting parameters 1. ** exposure mode **: Usually, the aperture priority mode is selected to better control the depth of field. For wide-angle shots, you could choose a smaller aperture, while for close-ups of models, you could use a large aperture (f2.8 - 5.6). 2. ** Light sensitivity (USB)**: You can choose between 100 - 1600. If you use a flash with a soft mask, the sensitivity can be set to 100, so that the light on the model's face will not be very bright and hard. If you don't use a flash, you should increase the sensitivity. For better cameras, especially professional cameras, the image quality will not be affected too much when the USB is up to 2000 - 2500. 3. [White Balance: The lighting at the auto show is complicated. There are all kinds of light sources with different color temperatures.] Professional cameras can choose automatic white balance, non-professional single-lens reflex cameras or digital cameras are best to use manual white balance. 4. ** Metering mode **: Due to the complex lighting of the scene, there are top light, side light, backlighting, etc., the camera's first choice for measuring light is to use spot measurement. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Internal and external marquis
The internal and external marquises were official positions in ancient times. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the implementation of the strict alcohol control policy added internal and external marquises. They were responsible for secretly visiting various institutions and places, and even disguised as civilians to sneak into government agencies to discover officials 'improper behavior. Once an official embezzled and accepted bribes, he would face the death penalty. Northern Wei had two marquises, one in charge of the capital and the other in charge of the prefecture. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Southern Qi Dynasty also had an organization called the Marquis. In the Sui Dynasty, it inherited the setting of the internal and external marquis. It was a spy agency directly under the emperor and supervised all officials. The internal and external marquis of the Sui Dynasty was the result of the development and change of the official system since the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was standardized and fixed. This agency had greater power. From the official name itself, Hou Guan could be used to refer to the people who welcomed guests, the military marquis in charge of scouts, and the officials who divined good or bad luck. During Wang Mang's period, there were more than a thousand Hou Guan who were in charge of reconnaissance and spying. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!
The parameters of the camera
There were many parameters for the camera lens. The following were some common parameters: 1. ** Focus **: It determines the degree of zooming of the lens. A longer focal length was used for long-distance shooting. For example, a telephoto lens could be used to shoot long-distance topics such as sports competitions, wild animals, aircraft, etc., and it could also enhance the background blurring effect. A shorter focal length was used for wide-angle shooting, such as wide-angle lenses for landscape photography, architectural photography, and crowded indoor spaces. 2. ** Aperture **: For example, the main camera of the Vivo X200 Pro is equipped with a large aperture of f/1.57, which helps to take brighter and clearer photos in dark environments. Its periscope telephoto lens has an aperture of f/2.67, which can ensure the clarity and details of the picture when shooting telephoto. The size of the aperture affected the amount of light entering, depth of field, and so on. 3. ** Pieces **: It is one of the important indicators to measure the quality of the camera. For example, the main camera of the Vivo X200 Pro is expected to use a 50-million-pel large sensor, and the periscope telephoto lens is equipped with a 200-million-pel periscope telephoto lens. 4. ** Photosensor **: For example, the sensor of the HD - 3000 camera is a LCD; the main camera of the Vivo X200 Pro has a 1/1.28-inch sensor, and the periscope telephoto lens has a 1/1.4-inch base. 5. ** View angle **: For example, the helmet camera lens is a 3.7mm pinhole lens with a 90-degree view angle. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>