Calculating the internal and external parameters of the camera
The internal parameters of the camera included: 1. ** Picture format, size, and quality **: There are two types of photo format: RAW and JPG. You can choose JPG format if you don't need post-processing. If you need post-editing, you can choose RAW format. The daily shooting size can be set to large size, and the picture quality can be set to high quality. However, the size can be adjusted to M or S when shooting news topics and other situations that require fast production. 2. ** White Balance **: Automatic White Balance (AWB) can basically meet the needs of daily shooting. In special scenes or when you want to change the image effect, you can manually control it, such as using the built-in scene mode, manually adjusting the K value, etc. 3. ** Light sensitivity (USB)**: For daily shooting, you can set it to the "STAR"(Automatic Light sensitivity). When you use the manual gear (M), you can manually adjust it to control the image exposure. 4. ** Picture Style **: The camera has a variety of photo styles. It is recommended to choose the "standard" style for daily shooting unless you have special needs or want to try other styles. 5. ** Metering Mode **: Including evaluation measuring (Nikon Matrix Metering, Sony-called Multi-Metering), spot measuring, partial measuring, center-emphasized measuring, etc. The most commonly used is evaluation measuring. 6. ** Focus Mode **: For daily shooting, you usually choose AF-S + single-point autofocus. When shooting moving objects, you choose AF-C + extended focus. 7. ** exposure compensation **: In aperture priority/shutter priority mode, it is usually set to "0EV", but it has to be adjusted according to the "white plus black minus" rule. The external parameters of the camera may involve some indicators related to the camera hardware, such as the sensor (which is the heart of the digital camera), as well as lens-related parameters, but the reference did not mention the lens-related external parameters in detail. Read more exciting novels for free
The relationship between the internal and external parameters of the camera
The internal parameters of the camera mainly included light sensitivity (USB), shutter speed, aperture, AF-ON, depth of field button, M-GN, image confirmation, lens aberration correction, high USB noise reduction, unequipped memory card release shutter, gridline, white balance, color temperature, saturation, etc. These internal parameters affected each other and were also related to external parameters such as the external shooting environment of the camera. The higher the sensitivity value, the brighter the picture, but the higher the value, the lower the quality of the picture and the more noise. The higher the shutter speed, the less light entering, and the lower the brightness of the picture. On the contrary, the higher the light entering, the brighter the picture. However, the shutter speed should not be too low when shooting high-speed moving objects to avoid blurring the picture. The larger the aperture value, the smaller the aperture, the deeper the depth of field, the less light entering, and the darker the picture. On the contrary, the lighter the depth of field, the more light entering, the brighter the picture. AF-ON can be set to switch between single-shot focus, autofocus, and servo-autofocus, which affects the focus mode. The depth of field button can be set to the photo style to choose portrait or landscape shooting. M-GN can be set to drive mode, focus mode, white balance, and light measurement mode. After clicking M-mn, the settings can be switched. Image confirmation can set the time the photo stays on the camera, which is convenient to check the effect of the photo. The sensitivity can be adjusted by setting the minimum and maximum values; the peripheral brightness correction, distortion correction, digital lens optimization and other operations in the lens aberration correction affect the dark angle and distortion of the picture; the high Iso noise reduction can adjust the brightness of the picture in dark environments; the setting of releasing the shutter when the memory card is not installed is related to whether the shutter can be pressed when the memory card is not installed; the grid line can be used as the reference line for composition; The white balance color temperature affected the color of the screen. If it was less than 5200, it would be cold, and if it was greater than 5200, it would be warm. The saturation affected the color of the screen. The external parameters, such as the light intensity of the shooting environment, would affect the settings of the internal parameters. When the light is dim, you may need to increase the sensitivity, reduce the shutter speed, and increase the aperture to ensure enough light. When shooting external situations such as high-speed moving objects (such as sports events), the shutter speed needs to be set higher. When shooting different subjects such as people or scenery (external parameters), you can use the depth of field button to set the photo style to better shoot. Internal parameters such as white balance and saturation needed to be adjusted accordingly to achieve the ideal color effect under different shooting scenes (external parameters). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
External parameters of the camera
The external parameters of the camera were parameters in the world coordinate system, mainly referring to the rotation and translation matrix between the camera systems, such as the position and rotation direction of the camera. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What are the external parameters of the camera?
The external parameters of the camera were the parameters in the world coordinate system, such as the camera's position, rotation direction, and so on. In terms of specific values, there were six external parameters of the camera, including the rotation parameters of the three axes (<anno data-annotation-id ="00000000 - 4110 - 4445 - 9999 - 9999 - 9999999999999"></anno>,<anno data-annotation-id ="2f0000c8 - 4f08 - 4f10 - 4f08 - 8f001111100000"></anno>). Combining the 3×3 rotation matrices of each axis (first matrix multiplication) to obtain R (size 3×3) that gathered the information of the three rotation axes, as well as the translation parameters of the three axes of T (Ti, Ty, Tz). R and T were combined into a 3×4 matrix, which was the key to converting to the coordinates of the label paper. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
How to get the internal parameters matrix of the camera
The camera intrinsic parameters matrix can be obtained through camera calibration1. Given the world coordinates and the coordinates of the control points, the process of calculating the world coordinates and the coordinates of the control points was called camera alignment. Once this relationship was solved, the camera's intrinsic parameters matrix could be determined. The internal parameters of the camera were related to the characteristics of the camera itself, such as the focal length of the camera, the size of the camera, etc. The parameters in the internal parameters matrix included the focal length (such as fx and fy in the horizontal and vertical directions), the coordinates of the main point (such as cx and cy), and so on. For example, the internal reference matrix could be expressed as a 3x3 matrix containing these parameters. The real lens may also have factors such as the camera's internal parameters, such as the distortion of the radius and the thickness. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The parameters of the camera
There were many parameters for the camera lens. The following were some common parameters: 1. ** Focus **: It determines the degree of zooming of the lens. A longer focal length was used for long-distance shooting. For example, a telephoto lens could be used to shoot long-distance topics such as sports competitions, wild animals, aircraft, etc., and it could also enhance the background blurring effect. A shorter focal length was used for wide-angle shooting, such as wide-angle lenses for landscape photography, architectural photography, and crowded indoor spaces. 2. ** Aperture **: For example, the main camera of the Vivo X200 Pro is equipped with a large aperture of f/1.57, which helps to take brighter and clearer photos in dark environments. Its periscope telephoto lens has an aperture of f/2.67, which can ensure the clarity and details of the picture when shooting telephoto. The size of the aperture affected the amount of light entering, depth of field, and so on. 3. ** Pieces **: It is one of the important indicators to measure the quality of the camera. For example, the main camera of the Vivo X200 Pro is expected to use a 50-million-pel large sensor, and the periscope telephoto lens is equipped with a 200-million-pel periscope telephoto lens. 4. ** Photosensor **: For example, the sensor of the HD - 3000 camera is a LCD; the main camera of the Vivo X200 Pro has a 1/1.28-inch sensor, and the periscope telephoto lens has a 1/1.4-inch base. 5. ** View angle **: For example, the helmet camera lens is a 3.7mm pinhole lens with a 90-degree view angle. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Internal and external marquis
The internal and external marquises were official positions in ancient times. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the implementation of the strict alcohol control policy added internal and external marquises. They were responsible for secretly visiting various institutions and places, and even disguised as civilians to sneak into government agencies to discover officials 'improper behavior. Once an official embezzled and accepted bribes, he would face the death penalty. Northern Wei had two marquises, one in charge of the capital and the other in charge of the prefecture. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Southern Qi Dynasty also had an organization called the Marquis. In the Sui Dynasty, it inherited the setting of the internal and external marquis. It was a spy agency directly under the emperor and supervised all officials. The internal and external marquis of the Sui Dynasty was the result of the development and change of the official system since the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was standardized and fixed. This agency had greater power. From the official name itself, Hou Guan could be used to refer to the people who welcomed guests, the military marquis in charge of scouts, and the officials who divined good or bad luck. During Wang Mang's period, there were more than a thousand Hou Guan who were in charge of reconnaissance and spying. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!
Large camera parameters
Different types of blockbusters (such as movies, landscape blockbusters, portrait blockbusters, etc.) required different camera parameters. The following are some common settings: - ** Picture format, size, and quality **: If you don't need post-editing, you can choose JPG format; if you want post-editing, the RAW format is more suitable. For daily shooting, the size could be adjusted to large size and the picture quality could be adjusted to high quality. However, for shooting news topics, the photo size might need to be adjusted to M or S. - ** White Balance **: Automatic White Balance (AWB) can basically meet the needs of daily shooting. In special scenes or when you want to change the image effect, you can use the built-in scene mode, manually adjust the K value, etc. - ** Light sensitivity (USB)**: For daily shooting, you can set it to the "STAR"(Automatic Light sensitivity). When you use the manual (M), you can manually adjust the light sensitivity to control the image exposure. - ** Picture Style **: The camera has a variety of photo styles. It is recommended to choose the "standard" style for daily shooting unless you have special needs or want to try other styles. - ** Metering Mode **: The most commonly used is evaluation measurement (Nikon Matrix Metering, Sony-called Multi-Metering), which can satisfy most shooting. In complex situations, spot measurement, center-emphasized measurement, etc. may be selected. - ** Focus Mode **: For daily shooting, choose AF-S + single-point autofocus; for shooting moving objects, choose AF-C + extended focus. - ** exposure compensation **: In aperture priority/shutter priority mode, it is usually set to "0EV", which can satisfy most scenes. At the same time, the exposure compensation must be adjusted according to the "white plus black minus" rule. For the Hong Kong Style night scene blockbuster camera, the settings were as follows: the sensitivity was pulled to above 3200 to obtain a high graininess, the aperture was used to 5.6, and the speed was switched between 80 and 100. If the camera could not adjust the K value, it could directly use the white fluorescent light mode (4000K). Combined with the Canon camera's landscape mode, the sharpness was pulled to the full, the contrast was increased by two gears, the saturation was increased by two gears, and the color tone was pulled to the right to the top. Different blockbuster styles also needed to be adjusted and optimized according to the actual shooting environment and the subject. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
camera optical parameters
The optical parameters of the camera included the following aspects: 1. ** focal length **: This is a very important optical parameters of the lens. It refers to the distance from the main point of the lens to the focal point. It is an important performance indicator of the lens. The length of the focal length of the lens was inverse to the size of the image taken by the lens. That is, under the same object distance, the larger the focal length of the lens, the smaller the size of the image taken. Most industrial cameras use fixed-focus lenses in practical applications. Before choosing the focal length of the lens, you need to know the object distance of the on-site camera (the installation height of the camera lens from the surface of the measured object) and the field of view of the camera (the size of the characteristics of the measured object). In some applications involving the mixed inspection of objects at different heights, the use of a variable focal length lens would be considered. However, the variable focal length lens had two issues to consider: zooming speed and lens life. 2. ** Depth-of-field **: When the focal length of the lens is adjusted to a focal point, only the objects within a certain distance before and after the focal point are clearly visible. The objects outside this distance are blurred. This distance is the depth of field of the lens. 3. ** Pieces and resolution **: Pieces are the smallest unit of an image generated by the imaging chip, such as a 2-million-pel image. The resolution referred to the imaging ability of the CCD-or CMOS-chip. For example, the resolution of a 2-million-pel camera was 1626 x 1236, which meant that the camera had 1626 x 1236 rows in the X-axis direction. The total image taken was about 2 million pel. The detection accuracy could be simply evaluated by dividing the actual size of the image's X-axis by the number of X-axis dots. However, the final detection accuracy was affected by many factors, including the moving speed of the object being measured, light interference, the shape of the object, the contrast of the features, the computing power of the software, and so on. 4. ** Picture element size **: This is also an important optical parameters of the camera. 5. ** Target size of sensor **: It is the most concerned part of the camera's optical parameters. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
camera panel parameters
The camera panel parameters include many aspects. The following is a detailed introduction: ** 1. Setting of parameters related to focusing ** 1. **AF - ON** - It can be set to switch between single focus, autofocus, and servo-autofocus. When setting up, click the AF-ON button, then click the menu button. In the pop-up menu, select the second camera setting from the right in the first layer of the menu. Choose 3 in the second layer of the menu (that is, select the custom button), find AF-ON and set it as the autofocus start button. This way, you can directly use AF-ON to select the focus mode when taking pictures. 2. **M - FN** - It can be set to drive mode, focus mode, white balance, light measurement mode, etc. Find the custom button in the MENU settings, click M-mn, and set it according to the content ticked in the detailed information. During the shooting process, click M-mn to change the setting content at will. ** 2. The parameters related to the shooting effect previews ** 1. ** Depth of field button ** - It could be set to a photo style. In the MENU, follow the specific setting steps (similar to finding the custom button when setting AF-ON), select the depth of field in the custom option. After setting it to the photo style, you can use the depth of field button to choose portrait shooting or landscape shooting. ** 3. The parameters related to the imaging display ** 1. ** Image confirmation ** - It was mainly used to display the photo on the camera for a short time after shooting to check the effect of the film. In the first camera setting on the first layer of the MENU button, there was an image confirmation option under the seventh menu on the second layer. Generally, you could choose the image confirmation time of 2 seconds. ** 4. Photosensitivity related parameters ** 1. ** Light sensitivity (USB)** - You can set the minimum and maximum value. After setting it, you can adjust the sensitivity within this range. The best image that the equipment could bear was the maximum value. If the value exceeded this value, the noise in the photos would increase. The setting step was to set up the camera on the first layer of the MENU setting, click on the 2 option, and then enter the sensitivity setting menu and select the automatic range. The maximum and minimum values were set according to the equipment's tolerance range. 2. ** High noise reduction setting ** - In extremely dark environments, when there were no lights or tripods, and the exposure time could not be extended, a high IQ noise reduction could be set to adjust the brightness of the picture, but this was not a long-term solution. It was best to add lighting equipment when the environment was not bright enough. In the MENU settings, the first camera setting on the left, click on the high iso sensitivity noise reduction function in option 4, and you can choose strong. ** 5. The parameters related to lens correction ** 1. ** Lens Aberration correction ** - Turn on the peripheral light correction to reduce dark corners, turn on the distortion correction, and select the standard for digital lens optimization. The setting step was to set the camera settings on the left side of the first layer of the MENU settings. Then, click the lens phase difference correction in the option 3, set the surrounding light correction to-on, the distortion correction to- on, and the digital lens optimization to-standard. ** 6. Shutter-related parameters ** 1. ** Memory card not installed, release shutter ** - If he didn't choose to close it, he could press the shutter without a memory card, and if he chose to close it, he couldn't press the shutter without a memory card. In the MENU settings, the first camera setting on the left of the first layer, click on the uninstalled memory card in option 6 to release the shutter. It is recommended to choose off. ** 7. Attributes related to composition assistance ** 1. ** Gridline Setting ** - Regardless of whether you are a novice or a veteran, the grid line can be used as a reference line for composition. It is recommended to keep it on. In the MENU settings, the first layer was the left camera setting. In option 7, click on the shooting information display-show grid line-3x3 grid line, so that the "Jing" line would appear on the camera display. In addition, the camera parameters also involved white balance (such as a specific K value and white balance offset), photo style (including the settings of parameters such as intensity, precision, threshold, contrast, saturation, and hue), etc. Different settings of these parameters would affect the color, style, and other effects of the photo. At the same time, different models of cameras might have different settings for the panel parameters. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Computer for camera parameters
The following are some of the main parameters of the camera: ##1. Calculation of the camera's resolution The camera's resolution = horizontal resolution * vertical resolution. ##2. Chip size Calculation Chip size = horizontal size * horizontal resolution. The size of the sensor chip = the resolution * the size of the picture element. ##3. Calculation of resolution resolution (Pixel1) = camera field of view (mm) /resolution (mm /Pixel1). The unit size (width)= sensor size (width)/resolution (width), and the unit size (height)= sensor size (height)/resolution (height). ##4. Precise Calculation The precision referred to the size of the actual object in one pel, which was expressed as (um*um)/pel. The size of a single picture element = width of field of view/width resolution = height of field of view/height resolution. "Picture accuracy = picture size/lens magnification;""Picture accuracy = camera field of view/camera resolution." The size of the short side of the product/the number of short side of the selected camera. ##5. D/d calculation (for calculations related to focal length) Find an object with a known length (just a standard plate) and take a picture of its length in the camera image when it is in focus (for more accuracy, make the length of the object and the length of the image as parallel as possible). Then D/d = the actual length of the object/(length of the image * size of the image). Pay attention to the unit between the size of the image and the actual length. ##6. Calculation of lens magnification The lens magnification was equal to the chip size/the actual field of view required. In terms of frame rate, for an area array camera, the frame rate (fps frame rate) represents the number of pictures that can be taken per second; the line frequency (16 kilosecond line frequency) corresponds to a line array camera, which represents the number of lines that can be scanned per second. The maximum image resolution is resolution * line frequency (example, 2048 x 16k). These parameters reflected the maximum efficiency of the camera, and together with the exposure, they determined the brightness of the image (if the frame rate and line frequency were high and the exposure was low, the image would be very dark; if the frame rate and line frequency were low and the exposure was high, the image would be very bright). The size of the image element refers to the actual physical size of each image element on the chip's image element array. The size of the image element and the number of image elements (resolution) together determine the size of the camera's target surface. Usually, the size of the image element of an industrial camera is 2 pm- 14 pm. The size of the image element reflects the light response ability of the chip to a certain extent. The larger the image element size, the more number of photons it can receive. The more charges it can generate under the same lighting conditions and exposure time. The size of a picture element was a representation of the chip's sensitivity. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>