Birch Cultivation Technique

Answer 1

Birch cultivation techniques were as follows:

** 1. Selection of seedling base **
1. ** Soil conditions **
- The soil should have high moisture and good drainage, soft soil, good ventilation, and be flat without excess soil.
- For example, the soil could be improved in advance to make the PH value of the planting soil reach 5.0 - 7.0. It could be mixed with organic fertilizer and slag to increase the nutrient content and breathability of the soil.
2. ** Water Source and Location **
- There must be sufficient water to facilitate irrigation and drainage, convenient transportation, superior geographical location, and easy maintenance and management.
3. ** Soil Pretreatment **
- Before raising the seedlings, the soil should be disinfected and disinfected, and harmful organisms such as ground tigers and mole crickets should be removed.
- They would apply farmyard manure in advance and add an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer.

4. ** Seedbed preparation **
- The height of the seedling bed was 8 - 12 cm, the width was 1.4 - 1.6 m, and the length was planned according to the area of the nursery base. The direction of the seedling bed was consistent with the local wind direction, and a 40-centimeter trail was left between the seedling beds.

** 2. Seed Selection and Treatment **
1. ** Seed Selection Requirements **
- Seeds with full grains, smooth surface, no spots or dents should be selected.
- When conditions permit, they can go to the seedling base to inspect the sprouting of seeds and the growth of seedlings. They should also conduct a sample survey.
2. ** Seed treatment **
- Seven days before the official sowing, the seeds were soaked in a solution containing 0.48% of potassium permanganate for two hours, then taken out and placed into a sealed bag to seal for 30 minutes, and then washed repeatedly with water for 4 - 6 times.

** 3. Planting Points **
1. ** Planting Planning **
- It should not be planted on the side where the sun shines directly. It should not be used as a roadside tree. It can be used as a landscape or courtyard tree, but it must be planted in a shady area.
2. ** Planting methods in different seasons (spring and autumn)**
- Choosing a small tree of about 3 cm as the planting target, the plains in the northern border area were the best. The survival rate was very low in areas with slightly higher altitudes.
- When transplanting, the soil ball should be 10 times the diameter of the tree, suitable for slightly acidic soil, and the planting depth should be consistent with the original planting depth.
- At the bottom of the pit, a small amount of fermented sheep manure (acidic fertilizer can improve the soil quality) was applied to ensure the timely supply of water.
3. ** Soil Treatment **
- If the soil quality does not match, it can be improved by changing the soil in the planting hole.
- A layer of stone chips and river sand of about 15 - 20cm was laid on the bottom layer of the planting hole to seep and drain water, and a net bag made of fine gauze was filled with wood chips, furnace slag and fungus residue to ensure that the roots could fully absorb water.
4. ** Pillar Support **
- After planting into the hole, straighten the tree, lift it slightly to make the root stretch, fill the soil and step on it.
- Triangular supports were set up. Each triangular support formed a 120-degree angle. One end was buried in the soil for about 20cm, and the other end was fixed to the first branch. The three ends were tied firmly and protected the bark.

** IV. Conservation measures **
1. ** Watering **
- White Birch was a water-loving tree species. It needed to be watered frequently but strictly control the amount of water. It should be watered thoroughly but not too much at one time, and attention should be paid to drainage.
- The first few watering can be combined with the application of the dilute solution of the iron, and after three consecutive penetrative irrigation, the application of the dilute solution of the iron and the watering frequency can be reduced, and then the normal management and protection can be carried out.
2. ** Trimming **
- Birch trees should not be trimmed in spring to prevent bleeding. In autumn, they can be thinned and trimmed with dead and bad branches. After trimming, apply a wound smearing agent to the cut.
3. ** Fertility **
- After planting in spring and autumn, a small amount of organic fertilizer was applied in the water weir and mixed evenly with the soil. After planting, circular or scattered nutrient ditches were dug at 50cm around the root of the tree for fertilizer in different seasons.
- Except in winter, the application of potash fertilizer once a month could improve the resistance of transplanted seedlings and the growth of branches.
4. ** Sunscreen **
- During the hot summer period, the white birch trees could be protected from the sun by covering them with a shade net or setting up micro-sprayers on the branches to cool down and keep them moist. After transplanting, the white birch trees that did not spend the summer in the local area needed to be sprayed with anti-transpirant in the hot summer.

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