Cultural relic, Han Dynasty bronze mirror

The bronze galloping horse of the Eastern Han Dynasty, also known as Ma Treading Flying Swallow, Ma Chao Dragon Sparrow, bronze galloping horse, etc., was a bronze ware of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was unearthed in Leitai Han Tomb in Wuwei City, Gansu Province in October 1969. In October 1983, it was identified as a symbol of China's tourism by the National tourism Administration. In 1986, it was designated as a national treasure-level cultural relic. It is now hidden in the Gansu Provincial Museum and is the treasure of the museum town in Gansu Province. This cultural relic was vigorous and exquisite. The galloping horse focused on one foot while the other three feet were in the air. It not only expressed that the galloping horse surpassed the flying bird at an extremely fast speed, but also cleverly used the flying bird's body and spread wings to expand the ground area to stabilize the center of gravity, fully demonstrating the superb imagination and artistic creativity of the ancient craftsmen. The galloping horse was 34.5 cm high, 45 cm long, 13.1 cm wide, and weighed 7.3 kg. It neighed with its head held high and galloped quickly, showing the lofty aspirations of marching forward bravely. It was a symbol of the great temperament of the Chinese nation. On June 5,2018, the news released by the Cultural Relics Bureau of Gansu Province said that relevant experts insisted on using the name "Bronze Running Horse", believing it to be "scientific, accurate and standardized". <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

Bronze lions could be used as cultural relics in many ways. There was a bronze lion in the Ming Dynasty. It was 100 centimeters high, with a square base 26 centimeters high and 78 centimeters wide. It was made by the government. The whole was realistic. It had a square mouth, a slender body, and a strong backbone. The base was cast with the words "Made by Hongwu Xin Wei Jin Fu". The lioness protected the cubs, and the male lion stepped on the embroidered ball. It was now collected in the Shanxi Folk Museum. There was a gilded bronze lion in the fifth generation. It was made by investment casting technology. It was ferocious and lifelike. It was 50 centimeters high and 83 centimeters long. It squatted with its head raised, its front legs upright, and its hind legs bent. In July 2010, it participated in the "Source of Chinese Civilization-Henan Cultural Relics and Treasures Exhibition" held in the Tokyo National Museum. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a bronze lion that was originally located at the entrance of the Qichun Garden in Yuanmingyuan. It was used to guard houses and ward off evil spirits. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The bronze jar cultural relics had different representatives in different periods. For example, the horse button and horse ear double-connected copper pot unearthed from the tomb of Nanshangen in Ningcheng County, Chifeng City during the Spring and Autumn Period; the copper pot dug by a farmer surnamed Liu in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province, which had been used as a chamber pot for many years but was actually a top national cultural relic; the bronze tripod and copper pot dug by Sun Benli in Fugou, Henan Province during the Warring States Period; and the copper pot named "Phoenix Pattern Fang Lei" in the late Shang Dynasty that was bought by experts from the museum of Wuhan City for 3 yuan. These bronze jars had unique historical and cultural values, which were of great significance to the study of the culture of the corresponding period. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

There were many types of cultural relics and hair ornaments in the Han Dynasty. Judging from the jewelry of the empress, it was modeled after fake knots (bun), buyao, and hairpin. In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties,"buyao" was renamed "flower tree", but in the Han Dynasty,"flower tree" had not been called this name. In the Han Dynasty, there was a custom of "hairpin pen". Civil officials would pin the brush on their heads. For example, the "White Horse Writing" brush unearthed from the ancient tomb of the Han Dynasty in the Gansu Province Museum had a blunt tip at the end of the pen so that it could be inserted into the hair bun. The hairpin brush changed from an ordinary brush to a "hairpin white pen" that had not been dipped in ink, becoming a kind of "identity symbol". Hairpins were quite common after the Neolith Age and were used by both men and women. Until the late Qing Dynasty, it was an important practical decorative ornament for the ancients, especially for women. The Han Dynasty was no exception. Although there were not many jewelry objects unearthed in the Han Dynasty, the excavation of important Han tombs such as Mawangdui Han Tomb, Mancheng Han Tomb, Guishan Han Tomb, Haiying Marquis Tomb and so on provided rich information for understanding Han Dynasty clothing and jewelry. In addition, it was very common for civilians to wear turbans in the Qin and Han Dynasties, but the turbans used by civilians were different from those used by nobles. The turbans were probably wrapped with narrow strips of cloth at the beginning. In the Han Dynasty, it was improved into a hat with a high top on the head that could cover the bun and neat edges on the four sides. Its scope of application continued to expand, and the style continued to improve, such as adding ear protectors on both sides or combining with the hair crown. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

There were many kinds of wine vessels and cultural relics in the Han Dynasty. From the material, there were lacquer ware, bronze ware, pottery, gold and silver ware, jade ware, and so on. Among them, lacquer wine vessels were more common. For example, more than 700 pieces of lacquer ware were unearthed from three Han tombs in Mawangdui, Changsha, including small lacquer daggers, large plates with a diameter of 53 cm and large pots with a height of 58 cm. The wine vessels commonly used in the Han Dynasty were mostly lacquer ware. The wine vessels were used to hold wine, the ladle was used to pour wine, and the ear cup was used to drink wine. Lacquerware was mostly made of wood, but there were also linens made of raw lacquer. It was resistant to moisture, high temperature, and corrosion. It also had gorgeous colors and various decorative methods. There were exquisite colored paintings, needle-pricked cone paintings, and gold and jade inlaid ornaments. The shape was elegant. Although no specific cultural relics were mentioned in terms of bronze ware, bronze wine vessels had been developed before the Han Dynasty, and some bronze craftsmen would imitate the lacquer ware process to make bronze ware. Porcelain wine vessels also existed in the development of wine vessels in the Han Dynasty. As social productivity developed, they were gradually replaced by other materials. Gold, silver and jade wine vessels were also part of the wine vessels of the Han Dynasty, reflecting the richness of the wine vessels at that time. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

According to the available information, there were not many jewelry unearthed in the Han Dynasty. At present, the excavation of several important Han tombs such as Mawangdui Han Tomb, Mancheng Han Tomb, Guishan Han Tomb, Haiying Marquis Tomb, etc. provided information for understanding the Han Dynasty clothing jewelry, but did not explicitly mention the specific situation of the golden hairpin cultural relics. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty mentioned that all the wives of the empresses had hairpins, but it seemed that it was difficult to find traces of hairpins in the cultural relics of the Han Dynasty that had been seen so far. The clear image of hairpins appeared in the paintings of ancient characters in later generations. Therefore, it was difficult to give a more accurate description of the Han Dynasty's golden hairpin cultural relics. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The Han Dynasty seal was a national first-class cultural relic.

The information retrieved so far only mentioned the bronze tomahawk of the late Shang Dynasty unearthed in Subutun, Yidu, Shandong Province. It was now hidden in the National Museum of China and unearthed in 1965. This copper axe was cast in the late Shang Dynasty. It was huge in size, and both sides were engraved with the shape of a human face with an open mouth and angry eyes. The eyebrows, eyes, ears, nose, and mouth were all protruding, and the blade was straight. There were two holes on both sides, and there were doors on both sides. There was no more information about the other bronze tomahawk cultural relics of Qi State. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The gold-plated bronze elephant head was excavated from the Imperial River at the site of the Great Palace Gate of the Old Summer Palace. It was a masterpiece of the royal ware of the Qing Dynasty. Its craftsmanship was exquisite, far surpassing the craftsmanship of the twelve zodiacs. The elephant's head had a long and curly nose, long teeth, and big ears. The overall shape was exquisite, the lines were smooth and natural, and the expression was serene and realistic. Although it had been eroded by time, it still shone golden under the light. When the archeological team excavated the cultural relics around the Dagongmen River in 2014, they accidentally found this elephant head wrapped in mud like a mud lump in the mud at the bottom of the river. After sending it to the laboratory and spending half a month cleaning it, its true appearance was revealed. Some scholars pointed out that it represented the highest level of gold gilding in China. Elephants were regarded as noble and auspicious symbols in China culture. The Yuanmingyuan archeological team speculated that the gold-plated elephant head might be part of an object (such as a tripod or furnace). It might be that the elephant head accidentally fell into the river when it was transported away. It had been kept in the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park since it was excavated and appeared at an exhibition for the first time in 2017. The novel "Gilded Palm" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

There were many styles of Han clothing with cultural relics. Some directly used the cultural relics in Henan Museum as the prototype, such as the square tripod of Duling in Shang Dynasty, the square pot of lotus crane in Spring and Autumn Period, and the cloud map of the four gods in the early Western Han Dynasty. There were also the Han costumes created by the non-hereditary inheritors of the Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute, such as green woven gold makeup flower sleeves over the shoulder dragon persimmon satin stand collar short jacket, red woven gold makeup flower dragon horse face skirt and other Yunjin auspicious clothes. These were the results of researching the collection and striving to restore the exquisite patterns on the cultural relics. In addition, some commercial Han clothing products would also have round neck gowns with cultural relics patterns. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>