Whose copyright does the photo of the cultural relic violate?
If all the units of the cultural relics took photos of the cultural relics, the unit had the copyright of the photos. In this case, the unauthorized remake of the photos of the cultural relics violated the copyright of the cultural relics. However, if the photos of cultural relics are used for personal study, research, or appreciation, for the purpose of introducing, commenting on a certain work, or to explain a certain problem, or for reporting current affairs or news, they may be used under legal circumstances without the permission of the copyright owner and without paying remuneration, but the name of the author and the title of the work shall be indicated, and the other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with the copyright law shall not be violated. In addition, China's current laws have not yet made clear provisions on the copyright of planar cultural relics photography. However, from some cases and foreign precedents, if the remake photos are not original (such as just copying the original), they may not be regarded as works protected by copyright law. In some cases, different countries had different judgments on photos taken after the copyright protection period expired. In the United States, there was a precedent that cultural relics that lacked creativity could not be protected by copyright, while in Germany, there were many opinions. In practice, there were also complicated situations such as using photos of cultural relics for profit. It was necessary to judge whether the photos of cultural relics violated copyright by combining various factors. Read more exciting novels for free
Cultural Relic copyright policy
1. ** Relationship between cultural relics and copyright protection period **: - According to the copyright law of the People's Republic of China, the term of protection of copyright was the lifetime of the author and fifty years after the author's death, ending on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the author's death. Since most of the creators of ancient cultural relics and ancient buildings had died more than 50 years ago, their copyrights had entered the public domain and were no longer protected by copyright law. Individual or organizations could use the prototype of these cultural relics for creative design free of charge. 2. ** The museum's copyright on cultural relics **: - There were two types of copyrights in museum collections. The first category (original collection resources): works belonging to the collection resources, which are still under the copyright protection period, and the museum obtains the copyright through the authorization of the copyright owner or legal permission; the second category (works created by the museum): works obtained by the museum through photography, video recording, etc. However, works that relied on the original collection resources were not protected by copyright law if they were simply remade and copied without any creativity. 3. ** Status of authorization to use cultural relics to develop digital collections **: - When the museum enjoyed the copyright of cultural relics, when a third party digitized the collection resources, it involved the copying, distribution and information network transmission of the copyright. The original collection resources or the works created by the museum must be authorized by the museum. The copyright rights of museum collection resources include distribution rights, rental rights, exhibition rights, performance rights, screening rights, broadcasting rights, information network transmission rights, filming rights, adaptation rights, translation rights, compilation rights, etc. - When a museum does not enjoy the copyright of a cultural relic, according to the provisions of article 15 of the Regulations for the implementation of the copyright law of our country, if the copyright is not inherited or bequeathed, its right of signature, right of modification, and right to protect the integrity of the work shall be protected by the copyright administrative department. Although third-party platforms did not need to obtain the museum's authorization to digitize the collection resources, they still needed to obtain the authorization of the copyright administration department. Otherwise, there would be a risk of copyright infringement. 4. ** The copyright issue in the development of creative products **: - As the preservation and management organization of cultural relics, the museum would often film, publish, or develop cultural products. The photography works, publication, and creative products produced by these activities enjoyed copyright. Directly using the museum's photographic works, text materials or creative products as the material of their own creative products may constitute an invasion of the museum's copyright. In addition, creative products designed with cultural relics should not be sold in the museum to avoid violating the legal rights and interests of the museum. In the process of publicity, photography or text materials of the museum should also be avoided unless authorized. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural relic photo puzzle
On February 14th, Ning County Museum launched a cultural relic puzzle themed propaganda activity. During the activity, the commentator first told the story behind the cultural relics and introduced the value of the cultural relics in the collection. Then, the children learned about the cultural relics and relevant laws and regulations through the PowerPoint in the "Ningbo Lecture Hall". The museum carefully prepared immovable cultural relics in the wild and precious cultural relics in the museum, as well as various custom-made puzzles. The name and age of the cultural relics were indicated on the puzzles. The children chose their favorite patterns to do the puzzles. After the completion, they were filled with a sense of accomplishment. After the activity, the children took the puzzles they made and took a group photo happily. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
cultural relic
Sand casting was an ancient craft that was of great significance in the production and identification of cultural relics. For example, 11 gilded Buddhas from the early Tang Dynasty unearthed in Duchang County, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, were made using the sand-turning process at the end of the Sui Dynasty. There was also the Yuan Dynasty's "Seal of Ten Thousand Families of the Han Army" in the collection of the Zhaodong City Museum, which was also made by sand casting, but this seal was more crude. In the field of China antique art, the art of turning sand was also used to counterfeit. For example, when ancient coins were forged, profiteers might use the method of turning sand to cast money, which involved turning the mold, trimming the edge, repairing the hole, rusting, silencing the sound, making old coins, and other methods to make counterfeit coins. This required collectors to improve their eyesight to distinguish. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
cultural relic with inscriptions
The following are some of the cultural relics with inscriptions: - There were 29 inscriptions on the base of the "Eight-year-old Lacquer Wood Tall Bean" that was recovered from the Eastern Tomb of Qin Dynasty. The interpretation of some inscriptions helped to determine whether Lord Mengchang had served as the prime minister of Qin Dynasty. This cultural relic was determined to be a national first-class cultural relic. - He Zun, a national treasure of the Western Zhou Dynasty, had an inscription that recorded the important historical fact that King Cheng of the Zhou Dynasty inherited the will of King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty and moved the capital to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan Province), which was called "Cheng Zhou". The earliest source of the word "China" was "Staying in China". - There were four lines and 33 words of inscriptions cast on the bottom of the Gui of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The content was related to King Wu of Zhou's conquest of King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty. This Gui was also known as the Gui of King Wu's conquest of the Shang Dynasty. It had great historical significance and was listed as one of the nine national treasures. - There were two circles of words on the outer wall of a certain drum seat. The upper circle had about 98 words and the lower circle had 52 words. Although some of the words were vague and some were written in reverse, the word "Yu" in one of the lines was believed by experts to be more than a third-level cultural relic and should be classified as a first-level national treasure. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
cultural relic box
Casing cultural relics was a method of disposal during archaeological excavation. During an archaeological excavation, the unearthed cultural relics that were important but could not be cleaned up in time would be extracted in a box. For example, a large number of chariots and horses were unearthed from Tomb M1901 at the Liulihe archaeological site. Because their relative position was very important for archaeological research, the archaeologists carried out box extraction. These carriages were large, heavy, and in the mud. It might not be possible to insert them according to the usual steel plate extraction method. The team members listened to the advice of the old gentleman in the cultural relic protection and inserted a row of steel pipes under the boxes to reinforce the boxes. Also, in the archaeological research of the Marquis of Haiying's tomb, a large number of cultural relics excavated on the spot were transported to the laboratory in boxes for protection and research. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
cultural relic bottle
There were many kinds of bottles and jars in the cultural relics. There were all kinds of bottles and jars in different periods and regions. In the blue and white flowers of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a vase with four paintings of love. The blessed part of the vase had four paintings related to "love". They were Wang Xizhi's love for orchids, Tao Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums, Zhou Dunyi's love for lotuses, and Lin Hejing's love for plum blossoms and cranes. It was originally bought by a cultural relic store for 600 yuan, and was later identified as the Yuan Dynasty, becoming the treasure of the museum. There were also some bottles and cultural relics in the museum, such as the white glazed brown flower plum vase and the white glazed black animal pattern plum vase unearthed in 2017 from the tomb of the high-level noble family of the Khitan in the Liao Dynasty. There were also the Ming Jiajing blue and white cloud dragon auspicious phoenix cloud crane pattern cover jar, Ming Zhengde blue and white figure gourd vase, etc. In addition, in the Shandong Museum, there are various kinds of bronze "bottles and jars", such as You, which holds wine, has a large mouth and lower abdomen, with a cover and a beam; Gu, which holds wine, has a long body, luxurious mouth, mouth and bottom in the shape of a trumpet; The Zhi used for drinking wine, round belly, luxurious mouth, circle foot, looks like a small bottle, most of which have a cover; Gui, which holds cooked food, has a round mouth and two ears; Square pot for millet, rice and other meals; From Gui, there are oval mouths, lids, two ears, circular feet or four feet, etc. These bottles and cultural relics have their own characteristics in terms of shape and use. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
cultural relic maintenance
Cultural relics were divided into movable cultural relics and immovable cultural relics. The principle of not changing the original state of the cultural relics and the principle of minimum intervention must be adhered to when repairing, maintaining and migrating immovable cultural relics, so as to preserve the historical information and historical value of the cultural relics to the greatest extent. Taking Binzhou City as an example, in terms of cultural relics protection, they completed the confirmation of the protection scope and construction control zone of the sixth batch of provincial cultural relics protection units, strengthened the management of cultural relics protection qualification units, submitted the cultural relics protection project plan for the cultural relics protection units, strictly enforced the filing of cultural relics protection projects and the inspection of cultural relics protection projects, and successively carried out on-site supervision work for many cultural relics repair and protection projects. In addition, the relevant departments also attached great importance to the repair and maintenance of the original body of the small source conference site, Jiang Xianyun's former residence, and other places. All regions should also promote the protection of cultural relics from the legal and policy levels. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural relic model
The following are some of the cultural relics and their characteristics: - ** Gold hairpin with red and sapphire inlaid with jade flowers (Ming Dynasty)**: The hairpin is inlaid with jade and red and sapphire. The top of the hairpin was made into a flower holder with silk craftsmanship. Three layers of jade flower pieces were stacked. The center of the flower was inlaid with rubies, and the bottom of the flower holder was decorated with small petals carved with gold. Under the jade flower, there was a butterfly-shaped shape with a sapphire embedded in the middle. There was a small ball of silk on the top of each butterfly wing. When walking, it could shake slightly. The lower end was connected with circular flower ornaments. The center of the flower was ruby, surrounded by eight silk leaves. The whole showed an elegant and noble atmosphere. - ** Qing Dynasty white jade fancy cup **: It is a Hendustan jade, a royal jade used by the Qing Dynasty. It was composed of two parts, the upper part was a flower mouth, the mouth edge was in the shape of a five-petal flower, the abdomen was thinner, the lower part was a high foot, the cup body and the high foot were connected by a hollow Ruyi shaped cloud head, the middle part of the cup body had a raised string pattern, the whole body was made of white jade, the texture was fine and smooth, and the polishing was exquisite. - Empress Xiaojing's Twelve Dragon Nine Phoenix Crown: One of the four remaining Ming Dynasty phoenix crowns in China. It was 35.5 centimeters tall, 20 centimeters in diameter, and weighed 2.95 kilograms. The crown was decorated with twelve golden dragons and nine golden phoenixes. The dragons had different postures, and the lower part was a flying green phoenix. A total of 121 gemstones and 3588 pearls were inlaid. They were made of silk, jade, inlaid, and tied. The design was solemn. - ** Li Lianying's opal ring **: The opal inlaid on the ring is larger than the one on Queen Elizabeth's crown, reflecting the superb craftsmanship and aesthetic standards of jewelry production during the Qing Dynasty. - ** Qing Emperor Qianlong Furong Stone Coiled Dragon Ear Cover Furnace **: Using Furong Stone as raw material, the whole body is pink and covered with natural veins. The abdomen was carved with symmetrical decorations, with two sets of coiling dragons and a head with ring ears. The top of the cover was carved with four small coiling dragons. It was 17 centimeters tall and 14.9 centimeters in diameter. It was simple and well-carved. - ** Yue King Gou Jian Sword **: The blade is slender, 55.6cm high, 4.6cm wide, 8.4cm long hilt, and weighs 875g. There were dark diamond-shaped patterns on both sides of the sword body. The front was inlaid with blue glaze, and the back was inlaid with turquoise patterns. The head of the sword was circular, with 11 concentric circles inside. There was a middle ridge. The two blades were sharp, and the front arc was concave. - ** Antler Crane of the Warring States Period (Unearthed from the Tomb of Marquis Zeng Yi)**: The body of a crane with antlers was unearthed from the Tomb of Marquis Zeng Yi in 1978. When it was unearthed, it was located to the east of the main coffin, with its head facing south, symbolizing good luck and longevity. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The cultural relic was swapped
The swapping of cultural relics was a bad behavior that harmed the rights and interests of the owners of cultural relics and destroyed the protection of cultural relics. For example, there was an incident in Wenzhou where antique crafts were swapped. There was an antique art collector, Uncle Liu, who bought antique artworks from the sellers, Mr. Li and Mr. Rao. During the transaction, the seller took advantage of Uncle Liu's trust and his habit of not inspecting the goods on the spot to replace the antique artworks he bought with cheap porcelain and mud. The two of them traded with Uncle Liu for a total of 10 times, five of which were exchanged, involving more than 3000 bracelets, more than 150 necklaces, more than 70 bronze ware, etc., worth more than 90,000 yuan. In addition, there was also a case of cultural relics being swapped in the British Museum. The Brazilian concept artist Ilée Sartuzi replaced a 17th-century silver coin with counterfeit money. The whole process happened under the nose of the museum staff. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural relic popsicle
Here are some popsicles inspired by cultural relics: - The mythical beast ice cream from the Forbidden City in Beijing was 15 yuan per piece. The design was inspired by the back beast of the Forbidden City. - Yuanmingyuan Lotus Ice Cream, 15 yuan/stick, its texture seemed to let people feel the fragrance of lotus flowers. - The ice cream on the Great Wall was 20 yuan per stick. It had the feeling of "not being a real man until the Great Wall". It might be a crunchy chocolate flavor, strawberry flavor, or vanilla flavor. - The terracotta soldiers ice cream at the Qinling Museum cost 19.9 yuan per piece. It was a combination of cartoon elements and Xi'an's thousand-year-old culture. There were unique styles such as "City Wall Taste","Tang Yulin Army", and "Tang Maiden". - The National Museum's cultural relic ice cream was 15 yuan per piece. There were chocolate-flavored drumming and rapping terracotta figurines and matcha-flavored gold, silver, cloud, bronze rhinoceros statues. The appearance was a vivid replica of the cultural relic prototype. - The cultural creation ice cream of the Forbidden City in Shen Yang was priced at 12.8 - 15.8 yuan per piece. It launched three types: "Phoenix Tower" light milk,"Purple Air from the East" truffle chocolate, and "Red Flag Armor" fleshy raspberry. - The ice cream from the Yellow Crane Tower building was 15 yuan per stick. It was shaped like a mini version of the Yellow Crane Tower, and the similarity was 99%. - Nanchang Tengwang Pavilion ice cream, 19.9 yuan/stick, stick stick with Tengwang Pavilion LOGO and "Sunset clouds and lone ducks fly together, autumn water shares the same color in the sky" famous sentence "Qian Wen" can be used as a bookmark, there are strawberry flavor and milk flavor. - Xinjiang Flame Mountain Banana Fan Ice Cream, 10 yuan/stick. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>