An Introduction to Fish-shaped Jade Artifacts from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties
The Shang and Zhou Dynasties were an important period for the production of fish-shaped jade articles. ** I. Fish-shaped Jade Artifacts of the Shang Dynasty ** 1. ** Basic Information ** - Unearthed Area: Most of them were unearthed from tombs and sites of the Shang Dynasty in Henan, Hunan, Shanxi, Shandong, etc. There were two types of carvings, one was a piece carving, and the other was a half-round carving. - The types of jade used were mainly sapphire and impure white jade, with sapphire being the most common. 2. ** Styling and decoration ** - There were three types of carvings: - Straight strip: The front and back are the same, the fish head, eyes, fins are complete, the length is about 3 - 8 cm. - Huang shape: arched back jumping, the snout extending diagonally forward and downward, the tail slanted backward and downward, the fish body is round and wide, flat round, 2 - 3 cm wide, the fish scales are expressed in two to three rows of small arcs. - The overall shape of the fish was mostly single-circle round eyes, single Dorsal Fin, double Pelvic Fins, and a split tail. The fish was decorated with parallel scale patterns. The overall shape was simple and unadorned. - The fish's mouth was extended forward in a "T" shape, or the upper lip was turned upward. The fish eyes were carved into a round eye with a pair of Yin lines, occupying about half of the width of the head. The gills are separated by a wide pair of Yin lines, from top to bottom, forming a pair of arcs. The dorsal fin and the two abdominal fins were neatly arranged with equally-spaced parallel straight Yin lines, some of which were V-shaped grooves. The tail was roughly divided into a slanted knife-shaped tail and a differential fork tail. Most of them had plain faces, while a few of them had curved scales on their bodies. Most of the holes were in the eyes. - There were two types of shapes: One was thin and straight, with a small round body, a short body, and a hole in the mouth. One was arched back. The fish body had many indistinct lines, some of which went up to the gills, showing a complete fish head shape. The fins covered the body, and there were small straight lines on the fins. The production was generally rough. Some of the tails were not forked, some were like swallowtails, and the eyes were slightly round, or they were carved into round eyes with double indistinct lines. The fish eyes could be used to hang the rope or another hole could be drilled for the rope. In front of the fish mouth, there was a "T" shape, similar to a protruding tenon. 3. ** Practicality and Usage ** - The jade fish of the Shang Dynasty was more practical. It could be carved into fish-shaped carving knives, fish-ear spoons, etc., which were both practical and beautiful. There were also jade ornaments or coffin ornaments (for example, a large number of crudely carved small fish unearthed from the tombs of the Shang Dynasty were dedicated coffin ornaments). ** II. Fish-shaped Jade Artifacts of Western Zhou Dynasty ** 1. ** Basic Information ** - Unearthed in Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan and other places, Western Zhou tombs and sites have been unearthed. - Jade quality: mostly sapphire. 2. ** Styling and decoration ** - In the early stage, the overall shape followed the rules of the Shang Dynasty jade fish, filling in the round eye, one back fin, two belly fins, gills, split tail and other stylized elements in the shape of the fish. However, the Western Zhou jade fish had double circle round eyes, which was the main difference from the Shang Dynasty single circle round eyes. - In the Zhou Dynasty, most of the jade fish were curved and made to jump in the water. The fish's body was long, and there were scales on its body. It was oval in shape. The mouth is slightly open, the lips are thick, the upper lip is upturned, and the mouth is wider than the gills. The length of the fish tail was longer than that of the Shang Dynasty jade fish, and the tail was mostly inclined or drooping in the shape of a horseshoe. - The characteristics of different periods of the Western Zhou Dynasty: - Jade fish in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the upper part of the fish mouth was pointed upwards, and the lower edge was mostly slightly curved. The fish mouth and the tail were about vertical at both ends, or one side was vertical and the other side was inclined. The fish's eyes were carved into large round eyes with a slanted knife, and the gills extended downward toward the front of the fish's mouth. Dorsal fin one place, not protruding from the fish body, the front edge close to the gills line, with a dark line to highlight the lower edge of the Dorsal fin. 3. ** Usage Change ** - Although it still retained the form of a fish and a carving knife, it was placed near the chest and waist. The carving knife that was originally connected to the jade fish had been replaced by an elongated fish tail. The practicality of the carving knife had decreased, and a large number of jade fish carving knives were used as hand-held. Read more exciting novels for free
Fish-shaped jade token
Fish-shaped jade articles had a long history in China. Fish was a homonym for "surplus". The ancients often used fish to express good wishes, such as wealth and surplus every year. Judging from the materials, white marble, jade, and other different materials were used to make fish-shaped jade. In ancient times, there were all kinds of jade fish products. For example, in different historical periods, jade fish had different modeling characteristics, and their production techniques reflected the social and cultural background and technical level at that time. If the modern jade hand card was in the shape of a fish, people would consider many factors when choosing and wearing it. In terms of material, good jade hand cards were usually made of natural jade with bright color and tough texture. The color tone was mainly dark green, but there were also light green or light yellow. The heavier jade hand cards were more valuable. In terms of craftsmanship, exquisite carving and polishing techniques could make the hand card appear exquisite texture and luster. Common techniques included carving into animal shapes (such as fish shapes). These shapes had specific meanings, and people would choose according to their preferences and beliefs. Moreover, jade hand cards were often thought to have the effects of warding off evil spirits, ensuring peace, and adding good luck. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Appreciation of Jade Artifacts in Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty
Human-shaped Jade Artifacts of the Han Dynasty
In the Han Dynasty, besides Wengzhong, there were other forms of jade human-shaped jade ware. For example, there was a high ancient jade face pendant in the Han Dynasty. The specifications were 4.9cm high, 5cm wide, 1.5cm thick and 71g heavy. It was made of Hetian jade. The jade was exquisite, and the facial features carved were distinct. The technique was exquisite and the quality was first-class. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Taotie Jade Artifacts of Past Dynasties
Jade articles with Taotie patterns had appeared in many dynasties. During the Liangzhu culture, the pattern of Taotie appeared on jade articles, which was an early example of Taotie patterns. During the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties, the Taotie pattern gradually matured. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a Taotie pattern jade axe unearthed from the Sanmenxia Guo State cemetery. It was 13.2 cm long, 2.7 cm wide, and 2.1 cm thick. It was made of green jade. The body of the weapon had brown water. The whole body was like a copper axe. The body was thick and heavy. The middle part had a ridge, an arc blade, and a rectangular blade. The back of the blade was decorated with the Taotie pattern. During the Warring States Period, there were round jade pendants carved with taotie patterns on one side. The taotie patterns on the jade pendants were round and bulging, and the eyebrows were decorated with slanted patterns. There was a protruding part like a corolla in the middle of the forehead, and the curved horn on the top of the head was divided into two parts. It grew from the top of the head, bent down, and pierced through the forehead before curling to the side. Jade articles in the late Spring and Autumn period also had the pattern of Taotie. For example, the topaz jade clock in the late Spring and Autumn period had the pattern of Taotie on its front and back. Taotie patterns were also common in jade articles from the Han Dynasty. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The man has a dragon-shaped jade pendant, and the woman has a fish-shaped jade pendant
I'm not sure which school novel you're referring to because this type of novel is very widespread. However, if you can provide more background information or context, I will try my best to provide you with a more accurate answer.
The man has a dragon-shaped jade pendant, and the woman has a fish-shaped jade pendant
I can't provide the content of the campus novel because it may not meet the requirements of the general online literature works. However, if you have any other questions, I'm happy to help you.
Ancient China Jade Artifacts of the Shang Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty was a unified multi-ethnic country with a complete patriarch system. Jade articles became the treasures monopolized by the emperors, and there were a variety of them. In addition to religious objects, there were also tools, daily necessities, accessories, and jade ornaments. Among them, ritual vessels and jade carvings of figures were the most precious. For example, jade Zhang, jade Cong, jade Bi, etc., the value of figure carvings was even higher. The value of round carvings of animals and containers was second only to that of jade carvings of people. They were worth collecting. This was because the round carvings of people and animals were difficult to craft and had realistic artistic characteristics. They could reflect the social appearance of the time and had high artistic, economic, and scientific value. In addition, there were many types of tools and weapons in the Shang Dynasty. The production level was divided into high and low. The ceremonial utensils or weapons were exquisite and beautiful, which was also worth collecting. Jade articles in the early part of the Shang Dynasty were represented by the relics unearthed from Erlitou site and tombs in Yanshi, Henan Province. There were many kinds of jade articles such as jade Gui and jade Cong. Some of the new articles might be used for etiquette. The production of large-scale thin articles showed the progress of jade technology at that time. In the later part of the Shang Dynasty, the Erligang site in Zhengzhou was represented. Jade articles such as jade Zhang and jade Ge were also unearthed from other Shang Dynasty sites and tombs. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Appreciating Jade Artifacts and Distinguishing Fake Artifacts in Yin Shang Dynasty
Based on the information he had, he only knew that there was a book called " Yin Shang Jade Appreciation and Fake Identification: Research and Exploration of Yin Shang Jade Artifacts ". However, he did not know the specific content of this book, such as the key points of Yin Shang Jade Appreciation and the methods to identify fakes. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Exquisite Jade Artifacts of the Qin and Han Dynasties
The exquisite jade ware of the Qin and Han Dynasties had many characteristics. In terms of material, Hetian jade was a common material. Its texture was delicate and warm, and it felt comfortable to the touch. It was suitable for carving and polishing. In terms of craftsmanship, compared to the exquisitely carved jade carvings of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Qin and Han jade carvings tended to be bold and unconstrained in artistic style. The hidden areas of Han jade were often carved with hair-thin Yin lines, which were strong and powerful to make up for the weakness of the three-dimensional sense. This technique had a profound impact on the jade of later generations. For example, the Jade Cicada Saber Technique of the Han Dynasty was simple, rough and powerful, and its blade was sharp. It was commonly known as the Eight Blades of the Han Dynasty. The head of the Jade Cicada had a flat head and a small round head. There was an elephant trunk on the top of the head, and a horizontal line on the abdomen to indicate the retreat of the cicada. The ends of the two wings were sharp, and the sharp edge pressed against the hand. The edges of the Jade Cicada were relatively thin on both sides. He had made great progress in modeling, polishing, and embedding. The hollowing technique was widely used, and the composition broke the symmetrical pattern. He successfully used the law of equilibrium to obtain a flexible effect and boldly applied the S-shaped structure. Judging from the meaning of the patterns, the jade articles of that time were most eye-catching in various forms of strange beasts. These strange beasts were endowed with supernatural characteristics and had a strong aura. In terms of color characteristics, there were roots (the surface of the ancient jade showed red, yellow and other fine threads. This type of ancient jade had a history of more than two thousand years), color (the surface of the ancient jade showed uneven colors such as green and black. This type of ancient jade was from the Qin and Han Dynasties), and so on. From a historical and cultural perspective, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he used Heshi Bi as the emperor's seal. Moreover, the embodiment of jade and royal power in the Qin and Han Dynasties was mainly reflected in the regulations on the official seal materials. In addition, Qin and Han jade also reflected the rich content of social customs at that time. For example, the Qin and Han Dynasty jade bottle with Kui phoenix pattern, white jade with brown spots, is the representative of exquisite jade of this period, now in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Shang and Zhou jade parrot
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there were many examples of jade parrots. For example, there was a jade parrot in the early Yin Shang Dynasty wearing a mountain-shaped crown. It was 5.2 cm high, 2.6 cm wide and 0.8 cm thick. It was a bluish-white jade with brown, yellow-white spots and cracks. It was in a squatting posture, with a huge crown on its head. Its body was engraved with a curly dragon tail pattern formed by two Yin lines (the curly dragon tail was the special pattern of the King of Yinshang). Its feet were in a squatting position, with two parallel strings separating the feet from the claws. The claws were in the shape of triangular tenons (jade with tenons was used for sacrificial purposes and was a typical king jade). There was a very small tail behind it, and a Yin line at the end divided the tail into two. In Fengtang, Huaiyang, there was also a round carved parrot jade ornament from the Shang Dynasty. It was 8 cm long and weighed 50 grams. Its body was conical, with a hole in the middle that was big at the top and small at the bottom. Its head was shaped like a parrot's outline, and there was no pattern on its neck. There were four lines on its back that represented its wings, and there were strings carved around its abdomen. Its tail was slightly conical. There was also a round carved jade parrot with a nearly triangular shape, 3.1 cm long and 2 cm wide. In the Shang Dynasty, some decorative patterns were often used on jade parrots. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>