There are many cultural relics in Longxing Temple in Zhengding, Hebei Province
Hebei Zhengding Longxing Temple indeed has many cultural relics. In terms of architecture, there was the Mani Hall of the Song Dynasty, which was praised by Liang Sicheng as the world's only ancient architecture. Its shape was unique. It was square as a whole, and there was a mountain-like building in the middle of the hall. From a high altitude, it was distributed in a cross shape. There were also many buildings such as the Kangxi and Qianlong Imperial Stele Pavilion. The statues in the temple were also quite valuable. There was an inverted Guanyin statue that was praised by Mr. Lu Xun as the Oriental Beauty God. This Guanyin statue was located in the colorful hanging mountain in the Mani Hall. The Guanyin statue was reconstructed in the 42nd year of Jiajing of Ming Dynasty. It was 3.4 meters high. Guanyin wore a corolla on her head, her left foot was stepping on a lotus, and her hands were wrapped around her knees. The lines of her hands were elegant. No matter from which angle one looked at it, one would feel that Guanyin was watching the Buddha with warm eyes and forming emotional communication with the Buddha. In addition, there was also the 21.3-meter-tall bronze Guanyin Bodhisattva with a thousand hands and a thousand eyes. It was the tallest bronze Buddha in ancient China. Other than the two hands in the middle, there were 20 hands on each side of the body. Each hand held a different magical weapon, and each magical weapon had 25 kinds of magical power, thus forming a thousand hands and a thousand eyes. There was also the largest rotating book collection in the early years of our country. This was a building from the Northern Song Dynasty. It was equivalent to a rotating bookshelf and could still be used today. It had the function of storing scriptures and rotating it once was equivalent to reading the scriptures once. In terms of stone inscriptions, there was the Longzang Temple stele, which was regarded as the number one stele of the Sui Dynasty. It was carved in the sixth year of Emperor Kaihuang of the Sui Dynasty, more than 1400 years ago. The inscription clearly recorded that the governor of Hengzhou, Duke of E, advised the country to build the Longzang Temple stele. Its calligraphy was a transition from official script to Tang script. The strokes were vigorous and varied, the strokes were thin and vigorous, and the square was round. The knot was square and neat. It was moderate and broad, and the meaning was distant and ancient. There was also the top-notch bronze Thousand Buddha Pier, as well as the most exquisite bronze Vairocana Buddha in ancient China. This was a four-faced Buddha with a height of 6.42 meters. There were a total of 1072 Buddhas on the entire Buddha statue. Its casting technique was exquisite, and its thickness was only one centimeter. These relics witnessed the development and changes of Buddhist culture in northern China since the Tang and Song Dynasties, making Longxing Temple one of the most existing temple buildings, statues, and stone carvings in China. Read more exciting novels for free
The murals in the Mani Hall of Longxing Temple in Zhengding
The murals in the Mani Hall of Longxing Temple in Zhengding have high artistic value and rich content. Judging from the contents of the murals, the inner walls of the east and west fan walls of the inner trough were painted with "Twelve Yuan Jue Bodhisattvas" and "Eight Great Bodhisattvas".(This part was repainted in the Qing Dynasty); The Four Treasures Mansion was painted with the "Twenty-four Heavens", while the East Treasures Mansion's "Great Compassion Honoring the Heavens" and "Devil Mother Heaven" were well preserved; the inner wall of the eaves vividly depicted the birth of Buddha Sakyamuni, becoming a monk, asceticism, enlightenment, and Nirvana, which was called the "Origin of Buddhism"; the east and west fan walls were painted with "Western Victory" and "Eastern Pure Glazed World" respectively. Except for some of the existing murals that were painted in the Qing Dynasty, most of them were remnants of the Ming Dynasty. Although it lasted for more than 500 years, the existing area was still 422 square meters except for some peeling off. Among them,"Western Scenery" was centered on the Three Saints of the West. There were more than 400 Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, Arhats, musicians, and saints. The whole mural was mainly green, with some powder and gold, which made the layers clear and the colors gorgeous. In terms of artistic style, his fine brush painting was a heavy color figure painting. The production inherited the traditional techniques of the Tang and Song Dynasties. First, they used light ink to draw out the rough outline of the image, then added color, which meant that the ink line was formed and the color became rhyme. The center of the ink line moved the brush, using ancient hairspring and iron line drawing in many places. The lines were smooth and the strokes were rigorous. He used a single line to portray the faces of the characters to make them round and vivid. The lines of the costumes were vigorous, and the dresses were elegant and free. The murals were painted in red, green, ochre, and white. The paint was made of traditional minerals. The colors were gorgeous and suitable for cold and heat. The clothes, ribbons, headlights, backlights, building walls, and wooden structures were mainly red and green. The clouds were mainly white and green. The techniques of dripping powder and gold were also used to enhance the three-dimensional sense of the picture and the magnificent scene. In terms of protection, from 1977 to 1980, Mr. Qi Yingtao, a famous cultural relic expert in China, presided over the removal, restoration and restoration of the mural on the eaves wall. From April 2016 to October 2017, the Dunhuang Research Institute implemented the mural protection project, which effectively protected this precious historical and cultural treasure. The novel "Hidden Dragon" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
The architectural features of the Mani Hall of Longxing Temple in Zhengding
The Mani Hall of Zhengding Longxing Temple had many unique architectural features: 1. ** Overall layout ** - It was located in Longxing Temple, Zhengding County, Hebei Province. It was the most important ancient building in the temple. The main structure was a square hall with seven rooms. - In the middle of each of the four sides, there was a Xieshan style building with mountain flowers protruding forward. It was distributed in a cross shape. The plane was a narrow rectangular cross shape. The second space in both directions was narrower than the tip. - The outer eaves and columns were surrounded by closed brick walls, and the inner column network was composed of two circles of inner columns. 2. ** Rooftop Style ** - The roof of the hall was a double-eave Xieshan Peak (rebuilt by later generations). This kind of roof was complicated and interlaced, like a forest of mountains. It was different from the formal roof of the Qing Dynasty hall in the Forbidden City. It reflected a complex geometric aesthetic. Such buildings were rare in China. 3. ** Dou Gong feature ** - The bucket arch under the eaves was of a large scale, with a sparse layout, with obvious rolling brake, side angle and rising characteristics. There were a total of 127 dougong in more than 20 styles. The 45-degree slanting arch was used in the room, showing the rich changes of the dougong in harmony. The design of the bucket arch was complicated and varied. The use of the inclined arch indicated that the construction technology was quite mature during the Northern Song Dynasty. 4. ** Beam frame structure ** - The structure of the beam frame followed the Song Dynasty's "Building Law", using the lifting beam type. The front and back of the eight rafters on the upper floor were supported by four pillars, sharing a four-seam beam frame, supported by golden pillars inside and outside. The ratio of height to width of the flat beams was close to 3:2, which was in line with the standard size of the Song Dynasty components. The ratio of the beam frame to the bending was 1: 3.41, reflecting the unique style of the Song Dynasty architecture. 5. ** Lighting and ventilation ** - There were doors and windows on all four sides of the building, but only the walls of the arch were slightly illuminated, so the lighting and ventilation in the hall were poor. 6. ** Space Speciality ** - The three-dimensional structure was overlapping and majestic, full of changes. It was rare in the early ancient architecture of our country. By taking advantage of the changes in the size of the building and the space of the courtyard, although the axis was long, it did not feel stiff. 7. ** Age of construction and renovation ** - It was built in the fourth year of Emperor You of the Northern Song Dynasty (1052). It has undergone many repairs, such as the complete renovation in the 22nd year of Chenghua of the Ming Dynasty (1486) and the 42nd year of Kangxi to the 45th year of Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.(1703 - 1780) Large-scale renovation, partial shelf removal and tile roof renovation in the 24th year of Qing Daoguang (1844), major renovation in 1977 - 1980 (this major renovation confirmed the exact age of the building and found many bricks, tiles, and wooden components with words), 2016 - 2017 Dunhuang Research Institute implemented a protection project for the murals, and the renovation project was completed from April to September 2020. The novel "Hidden Dragon" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Hebei Jinzhou cultural relics
Hebei Jinzhou has many cultural relics. Among them was a silver Buddha statue of the Tang Dynasty, which displayed the exquisite skills of ancient craftsmen. There was also a Tang Dynasty medicine roller made of white marble that was found in a mid-Tang Dynasty tomb in Beizhangli Village, Huaishu Township, Jin County in 1983. It was a special tool for grinding medicine. It was composed of three parts: a flat rectangular grinding groove, a push-pull grinding cover, and an oblate grinding wheel. The grinding groove was 263 cm long, 5.5 cm wide, and 5.1 cm high. The maximum depth of the boat-shaped groove was 3.5 cm. The outer wall was engraved with lock patterns and inscriptions. The grinding wheel was 9 cm in diameter and engraved with lotus petal patterns. The center was slightly bulging. There were holes through the shaft and cloud patterns on the cover. The content of the carving was rich, the composition was unique, and the technique was exquisite. It was a treasure among the cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty and was designated as a national first-class (first-class) precious cultural relic. In addition, there was "Wei Zheng Gong Hong Fan's Genuine Records Volume"(Rubbing), which was a rubbing of Wei Zheng's handwritten inscriptions. The works were sharp, strong, and powerful. The structure was sparse, and the charm was beautiful. The strokes had a tilting state, and the charm reached an elegant realm. It was now in his personal collection. There was also a plaque given to Sun Qingyuan by Emperor Jiaqing in the 15th year of Jiaqing (Gengwu, 1810). At present, Jinzhou was known to have precious cultural relics from the Shang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, including the ruins of six ancient cities (Xiyang, Xiaquyang City, Linping City, Anxiang City, Chengguan, Zicheng), etc. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Xuankong Temple, Cangyan Mountain, Hebei Province
Cangyan Mountain Xuankong Temple in Hebei Province is located in Jingxing County Cangyan Mountain Scenic Area. It is one of the three largest Xuankong Temple in China. According to research, the stone bridge of Xuankong Temple was built in the Sui Dynasty, slightly earlier than the Anji Bridge in Zhaozhou. The buildings on the bridge were built in the Tang Dynasty. The bridge hall of Xuankong Temple was one of the main buildings of Fuqing Temple. There were three Buddha statues of Shakyamuni Buddha, Amitabha Buddha, and Medicine Buddha, as well as Guanyin and Eighteen Arhats. This temple was unique and majestic. It spanned between two cliffs, giving people a feeling that it was unattainable and that it was about to fly. Xuankong Temple was one of the most representative scenic spots in Mount Serpentine, and it was also a place that tourists liked to visit.
Cultural Relics in Gangu, Gansu Province
Gangu was one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and had rich cultural resources. Nearly 200 cultural relics were found in Gangu County, densely distributed on both sides of the Wei River. Its cultural relics cover from ancient times to the Republic of China. Gangu County Museum has a total of 2200 pieces (sets) of cultural relics, which are complete in categories and rich in content, covering 15 categories, including pottery, stone ware, jade ware, bronze ware, porcelain, fossils, calligraphy and painting, wood ware, etc. The main features of the collection are colored pottery of the Neolith Age, bronze ware of Han and Tang Dynasties, stone statues of the Northern Dynasty and calligraphy and painting of famous people of past dynasties. Among them, there were 16 national first-class cultural relics, 32 second-class cultural relics, and 50 third-class cultural relics. The Tri-colored Phoenix Head Pot of the Tang Dynasty unearthed in Gangu County is currently collected in the Gansu Museum. It is a cultural relic of the Tang Dynasty. It is 31 cm high and 4 cm in diameter. It is a craft that combines Chinese and Western cultural styles. It is also the best witness of the cultural exchange between China and the West and the Silk Road at that time. There was also the painted salamander fish pattern vase, which was a pottery cultural relic of the Neolith Age. It was 38 centimeters tall and 6.8 centimeters in diameter. The pattern of the human-faced salamander fish on the bottle was regarded as the "prehistoric ancestor" of the dragon. The unearthed shape was complete, and the pattern was preserved completely. It was relatively rare among the unearthed Yangshao culture painted pottery vases. In 1971, it was announced as a county-level cultural relic protection unit of Gangu County, Juehuang Temple, formerly known as Xingguo Temple, which was built in Ming Dynasty. In addition, Gangu also had cultural relics such as the human-faced salamander bottle that represented the embryonic form of the dragon totem, the money tree of the Han Dynasty that symbolized the level of Chinese casting technology, the Han bamboo slips of Gangu that were famous both at home and abroad, and the exquisite stone statues of the Northern Dynasty. These were all historical witnesses of the long history of Gangu's cultural history. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural Relics of Kangxi in Henan Province
There were some cultural relics from the Kangxi period in Henan, such as the ear-shaped furnace of the Qing Kangxi halberd collected by the Henan Museum, as well as the September chrysanthemum cup of the "Colorful December Flower Cup", which was made in the official kiln porcelain during the Kangxi period. This cultural relic was shaped with chrysanthemum as the theme, embellished with lake stones, dead branches and butterflies. The picture was taken from the poem "Chrysanthemum" by Luo Yin of the Tang Dynasty, but the "frost" in the poem was written as "fragrance", which was very meaningful. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Luoyang, Luoyang, as a province of cultural relics,
Luoyang was a prefecture-level city in Henan Province, not a province. Luoyang was rich in cultural relics resources. As of July 2024, there were 197 cultural relics protection units above the provincial level in the city, including 51 national key cultural relics protection units, 146 provincial cultural relics protection units, and more than 9000 immovable cultural relics, ranking first in the country. At the same time, there were 2 provincial historical and cultural blocks, 1 provincial historical and cultural town, 6 famous villages, 25 traditional China villages, 104 provincial traditional villages, and 154 historical buildings (131 in the urban area and 23 counties under its jurisdiction). All of this reflected Luoyang's important position in the protection of historical and cultural heritage. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural Relics in Luyi, Henan Province
Luyi in Henan Province had many important cultural relics. In 1997, the eldest son's cup was unearthed in the ancient tomb of Taiqing Palace in Luyi County. In the same year, the bronze tripod with the animal face pattern of the eldest son mouth of the Western Zhou Dynasty was unearthed from the tomb of the eldest son mouth in Luyi County, which is now stored in Henan Museum. The copper knife with the head of the scroll was also unearthed from the tomb of the eldest son mouth in Taiqing Palace in Luyi County, which is now stored in Henan Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology. During the archaeological excavation of Taiqing Palace, thirteen inscriptions related to Taiqing Palace were also unearthed, including eight real estate inscriptions of Taiqing Palace in Jin Dynasty. This was the most complete and detailed real estate inscriptions in China. These cultural relics were of great significance to the study of local history and culture. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The cultural relics of each province are broken.
The following are the representative cultural relics of some provinces: [Beijing: Along the River During the Qingming Festival] was collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing, reflecting the prosperity of Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty. In addition, there were also national treasures with great symbolic significance such as the Four Sheep Cube. ** Tianjin **:"Snow Scenery and Cold Forest Painting" was a representative of landscape paintings that rose under the influence of Confucianism during the Northern Song Dynasty. It showed the majestic momentum of "panoramic landscape" and "mountains and rivers." Hebei Province: The gold-thread jade clothing was the highest standard of funeral clothing in the Han Dynasty. In 1968, two complete sets of gold-thread jade clothing were excavated from the tombs of Liu Sheng and Dou Wan of the Western Han Dynasty. It was more than 2000 years ago. It was the earliest and most complete set of archaeological discoveries in China. ** Henan **: The Houmuwu Ding, also known as the Simuwu Ding, or the Simuwu Square Ding, was cast in the late Shang Dynasty. It was unearthed in 1939 in Wuguan Village, Anyang City, Henan Province. It was the heaviest bronze ware known in ancient China. It is now stored in the National Museum of China and represents the highly developed bronze culture of the Shang Dynasty. "Shanxi": Jin Hou Bird, 39 cm tall, 30.5 cm long, 17.5 cm wide, with a phoenix looking back as the main shape, slightly raised head, round eyes staring, tall crown standing upright, full body, two wings rolled up, on the back of the phoenix there is a small bird that is the catch on the cover. There were also Jiang Ziya's artifacts-the dragon-shaped gong, Zhao Qing's bird statue, and the ivory "radish cabbage", which were also very symbolic national treasures of Shanxi. ** Shandong **: In 1972, the bamboo slips of Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War were unearthed at the same time in the Han Tomb of Yinque Mountain, which solved the eternal mystery of Sun Tzu and Sun Bin's works in history. It was listed as one of the "Top Ten Archeological Discoveries in the 30 Years of New China" and "One of the 100 Major Archeological Discoveries in the 20th Century (100 Years) of China". ** Shaanxi **: The terracotta warriors and horses were ancient tomb sculptures discovered in March 1974. In 1987, the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the terracotta warriors and horses pit were approved by the United Nations Cultural and Scientific Organization to be included in the World Heritage List. The Maogong Ding was known as the "treasure of the museum" of the taipei museum. The nearly 500-word inscription on the tripod recorded the achievements of his uncle, Maogong, during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou. It was unearthed in Baoji, Shaanxi Province at the end of the Qing Dynasty. ** Gansu Province **:"Horse Stepping on Flying Sparrow" is 34.5 cm tall, 45 cm long, 13 cm wide, and has a strong and handsome image. In October 1983, it was identified as a symbol of China's tourism by the National tourism Administration. In 1985, it was identified as a symbol of China's tourism industry with the name "Ma Chao Dragon Sparrow" and is still in use today. ** Ningxia **: Gold-plated bronze ox, cast in bronze, hollow, gold-plated on the outside. Some of the cultural relics were lost overseas for various reasons. For example, the Water Moon Guanyin statue of the Liao Dynasty was in the Nelson Museum of Art in the United States, and the Shang Shuangyang statue was in the British Museum in the United Kingdom. These cultural relics originally belonged to the cultural heritage of a certain region in China. Every province had unique and precious cultural relics, which were witnesses to China's long history and splendid culture. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Shanxi Province Cultural Relics and Museum
Shanxi Province has many cultural relics and museum resources. Shanxi Museum was located on the west bank of the Fen River in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. It was a national first-class museum. It was founded in 1919, and the new modern building was completed in 2004. It was officially opened on September 26, 2005. The collection was rich, including the cultural relics of the Tao Temple ruins of the new era, the cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty, the cultural relics of the Zhou Dynasty, the cultural relics of the Northern Dynasty, the local porcelain of Shanxi, the cultural relics of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and the cultural relics of the Jin merchants of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The basic exhibition was themed with "Jin Hun". The exhibition space was more than 10,000 square meters and was divided into seven historical and cultural topics and five artistic topics. In March 2008, it was opened to the public for free. In May of the same year, it was selected as one of the first batch of national first-class museum. In 2009, it became one of the 11 state-level museum jointly built by the central government and local governments. In 2013, it was named "2013 Most innovative museum". It had eight treasures (also known as twelve treasures), such as the Jin Marquis Bird, the Shang Dynasty Dragon-shaped Gong, and the Houma Alliance. These cultural relics had extremely high historical and artistic value. For example, the Jin Marquis Bird was a bronze ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It had a unique shape and combined the shape of a bird and an elephant. It was the prototype of the academy emblem. The dragon-shaped gong of the Shang Dynasty was the representative work of the bronze culture of the "Fang State" in the late Shang Dynasty. The Hou Ma Alliance Book was a letter document related to the Zhao family's alliance activities in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Shanxi Museum of Archeology was a national second-class museum, directly under the Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau. It was located in the west of No. 40 Confucian Temple Lane, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province (formerly the Confucian Temple of Taiyuan Prefecture). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>