The murals in the Mani Hall of Longxing Temple in Zhengding
The murals in the Mani Hall of Longxing Temple in Zhengding have high artistic value and rich content. Judging from the contents of the murals, the inner walls of the east and west fan walls of the inner trough were painted with "Twelve Yuan Jue Bodhisattvas" and "Eight Great Bodhisattvas".(This part was repainted in the Qing Dynasty); The Four Treasures Mansion was painted with the "Twenty-four Heavens", while the East Treasures Mansion's "Great Compassion Honoring the Heavens" and "Devil Mother Heaven" were well preserved; the inner wall of the eaves vividly depicted the birth of Buddha Sakyamuni, becoming a monk, asceticism, enlightenment, and Nirvana, which was called the "Origin of Buddhism"; the east and west fan walls were painted with "Western Victory" and "Eastern Pure Glazed World" respectively. Except for some of the existing murals that were painted in the Qing Dynasty, most of them were remnants of the Ming Dynasty. Although it lasted for more than 500 years, the existing area was still 422 square meters except for some peeling off. Among them,"Western Scenery" was centered on the Three Saints of the West. There were more than 400 Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, Arhats, musicians, and saints. The whole mural was mainly green, with some powder and gold, which made the layers clear and the colors gorgeous. In terms of artistic style, his fine brush painting was a heavy color figure painting. The production inherited the traditional techniques of the Tang and Song Dynasties. First, they used light ink to draw out the rough outline of the image, then added color, which meant that the ink line was formed and the color became rhyme. The center of the ink line moved the brush, using ancient hairspring and iron line drawing in many places. The lines were smooth and the strokes were rigorous. He used a single line to portray the faces of the characters to make them round and vivid. The lines of the costumes were vigorous, and the dresses were elegant and free. The murals were painted in red, green, ochre, and white. The paint was made of traditional minerals. The colors were gorgeous and suitable for cold and heat. The clothes, ribbons, headlights, backlights, building walls, and wooden structures were mainly red and green. The clouds were mainly white and green. The techniques of dripping powder and gold were also used to enhance the three-dimensional sense of the picture and the magnificent scene. In terms of protection, from 1977 to 1980, Mr. Qi Yingtao, a famous cultural relic expert in China, presided over the removal, restoration and restoration of the mural on the eaves wall. From April 2016 to October 2017, the Dunhuang Research Institute implemented the mural protection project, which effectively protected this precious historical and cultural treasure. The novel "Hidden Dragon" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
The architectural features of the Mani Hall of Longxing Temple in Zhengding
The Mani Hall of Zhengding Longxing Temple had many unique architectural features: 1. ** Overall layout ** - It was located in Longxing Temple, Zhengding County, Hebei Province. It was the most important ancient building in the temple. The main structure was a square hall with seven rooms. - In the middle of each of the four sides, there was a Xieshan style building with mountain flowers protruding forward. It was distributed in a cross shape. The plane was a narrow rectangular cross shape. The second space in both directions was narrower than the tip. - The outer eaves and columns were surrounded by closed brick walls, and the inner column network was composed of two circles of inner columns. 2. ** Rooftop Style ** - The roof of the hall was a double-eave Xieshan Peak (rebuilt by later generations). This kind of roof was complicated and interlaced, like a forest of mountains. It was different from the formal roof of the Qing Dynasty hall in the Forbidden City. It reflected a complex geometric aesthetic. Such buildings were rare in China. 3. ** Dou Gong feature ** - The bucket arch under the eaves was of a large scale, with a sparse layout, with obvious rolling brake, side angle and rising characteristics. There were a total of 127 dougong in more than 20 styles. The 45-degree slanting arch was used in the room, showing the rich changes of the dougong in harmony. The design of the bucket arch was complicated and varied. The use of the inclined arch indicated that the construction technology was quite mature during the Northern Song Dynasty. 4. ** Beam frame structure ** - The structure of the beam frame followed the Song Dynasty's "Building Law", using the lifting beam type. The front and back of the eight rafters on the upper floor were supported by four pillars, sharing a four-seam beam frame, supported by golden pillars inside and outside. The ratio of height to width of the flat beams was close to 3:2, which was in line with the standard size of the Song Dynasty components. The ratio of the beam frame to the bending was 1: 3.41, reflecting the unique style of the Song Dynasty architecture. 5. ** Lighting and ventilation ** - There were doors and windows on all four sides of the building, but only the walls of the arch were slightly illuminated, so the lighting and ventilation in the hall were poor. 6. ** Space Speciality ** - The three-dimensional structure was overlapping and majestic, full of changes. It was rare in the early ancient architecture of our country. By taking advantage of the changes in the size of the building and the space of the courtyard, although the axis was long, it did not feel stiff. 7. ** Age of construction and renovation ** - It was built in the fourth year of Emperor You of the Northern Song Dynasty (1052). It has undergone many repairs, such as the complete renovation in the 22nd year of Chenghua of the Ming Dynasty (1486) and the 42nd year of Kangxi to the 45th year of Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.(1703 - 1780) Large-scale renovation, partial shelf removal and tile roof renovation in the 24th year of Qing Daoguang (1844), major renovation in 1977 - 1980 (this major renovation confirmed the exact age of the building and found many bricks, tiles, and wooden components with words), 2016 - 2017 Dunhuang Research Institute implemented a protection project for the murals, and the renovation project was completed from April to September 2020. The novel "Hidden Dragon" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Longxing Temple
There were many Longxing Monasteries, among which the more famous one was located in Zhengding County, Hebei Province. It was built in the sixth year of Emperor Kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (586 years). It was originally named Longzang Temple. In the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Longxing Temple. In the forty-ninth year of Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1710 years), Kangxi gave it the title of "Imperial Construction of Longxing Temple". The name of the temple is still used today. It was one of the top ten famous temples in China. It was also one of the oldest, large-scale and well-preserved Buddhist monasteries in China. It was also one of the monasteries with the most Song Dynasty buildings, statues, and stone carvings in China. It was a national AAAA-level tourist attraction. The monastery occupied an area of 82500 square meters. The eastern part of the building was the living area of the monks, the middle was the place for Buddhist activities, and the western part was the imperial palace. Its architectural attractions were deep from north to south. At the southernmost end of the central axis was a glazed screen wall. To the north were more than ten halls, such as the Heavenly King Hall, Mani Hall, and the Great Compassion Pavilion. They were scattered in height, clear in order, and magnificent. It was a typical example of the architectural layout of ancient Buddhist temples in China. There were many cultural relics in the temple, including steles, porcelain, paintings and other artistic treasures of the past dynasties. Among them, six cultural relics were the most famous in the country. They were called the "Six Wonders" of Longxing Temple: the unique shape of Mani Hall, the colorful hanging statue of Guanyin known as the "Oriental Beauty God", the oldest and largest rotating wheel collection of Song Dynasty in China, the Longzang Temple stele praised as "the first stele of Sui Dynasty" and "the ancestor of regular script", the highest bronze Buddha in ancient China, and the bronze cast Thousand Buddha Dun, which was known as the unique one in China. In addition, there is also Longxing Temple in the north of Jifeng Mountain, Liangquan Village, Maying Town, Weibin District, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. It was built in the early Tang Dynasty and was one of the eight monasteries in Guanzhong before the liberation. There is also Longxing Temple on the west side of the south section of Chengfang Road, Chengguan Town, Zhijin County, Guizhou Province. It was built in the sixth year of Kangxi (1667) and rebuilt in the 18th year of Daoguang (1838). It faces south and covers an area of about 870 square meters and a building area of about 620 square meters. The novel "Hidden Dragon" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Longxing Temple Stele
There were many inscriptions in Longxing Temple, among which the more famous one was Longzang Temple Stele. The Stele of Longzang Temple was carved in the sixth year of Emperor Kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (586 years). It was a very valuable inscription in Longxing Temple. It was established by Wang Xiaoxian, the governor of Hengzhou, who was ordered by the emperor to encourage more than 10,000 common people in Hengzhou to build Longzang Temple. Not only did this monument have historical value, but it also had extremely high calligraphy value. The inscription mainly recorded the construction of the temple, such as the process of the Hengzhou governor persuading the construction of Longzang Temple, the scale of the temple at that time, the architectural landscape and the surrounding environment, etc. It was an important historical material for studying the history of Longxing Temple. In terms of calligraphy, his handwriting was "neat, dense, thin, and strong, the first in the Sui Dynasty". His strokes were deep and powerful, with a combination of hardness and softness. The composition was rigorous and elegant, and the square was neat. It was already a mature image of regular script. It inherited the remnant wind of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and opened the first calligraphy of the early Tang Dynasty. It nourished a group of calligraphers such as Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, and Chu Suiliang. It was praised by Kang Youwei as "this integrated monument of the Six Dynasties, not only the first in the Sui Dynasty". There is also a "Holy Lord's Life Longevity Zhuyan Stele" in the temple, carved in the fourth year of Yuan Yanyou (1317), now standing in Zhengding Longxing Temple behind the wheel. In addition, there are five imperial steles of the Qing Dynasty in the temple, including one imperial stele of Kangxi, three imperial steles of Qianlong and one imperial stele of Jiaqing. Among them, the imperial stele of Longxing Temple in the fifty-second year of Kangxi and the rebuilding of Zhengding Longxing Great Buddha Temple in the forty-fifth year of Qianlong are located in the pavilions covered with yellow glazed tiles on the east and west sides of the moon platform of Great Compassion Pavilion. The other two imperial steles of Qianlong (engraved with six poems in total) and one imperial stele of Jiaqing are imperial poetry steles, which are respectively located in the side hall of Great Compassion Pavilion-Cishi Pavilion. Behind the Wheel Collection Pavilion and south of the Ci Pavilion. The novel "Hidden Dragon" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
The layout of the Mani Temple
Mani Hall was located in Longxing Temple, Zhengding County, Hebei Province. Its layout had the following characteristics: 1. ** Plane layout **: The plane is in the shape of a cross with a north-south central axis. It is a narrow rectangular shape. The width and depth were both seven, about 35 meters wide and 28 meters deep. The second space in both directions was narrower than the tip. This kind of arrangement was quite unique in China. 2. ** Pillar network layout **: There are a total of 70 columns in the hall, arranged in three circles from the inside to the outside. There were thirty-eight pillars in the outermost circle, which were the pillars of the lower eaves of the hall. There were twenty-two golden pillars in the middle circle, which were the pillars of the upper eaves. There were eight inner pillars in the front and back rows of the inner circle, which were the pillars of the four-seam beam frame and the weight of the roof. There were 22 outer golden pillars, and the inner and outer golden pillars were connected with each other by milk, so that the 22 outer golden pillars in the circle were tightly combined with the main beam frame in the center, forming the wooden frame structure of the upper eaves. The thirty-eight eaves pillars on the lower layer were also connected to the outer golden pillars with milky wood, so that the upper and lower eaves wooden frames formed a complete and stable wooden frame system. 3. ** Building layout **: There is a mountain-shaped building in the middle of the hall. The building had doors and windows, but only the walls of the arch were slightly illuminated, causing poor lighting and ventilation in the hall. 4. ** Relationship between the overall layout and other buildings **: Longxing Temple starts from the three-way single-hole stone bridge to the north. The buildings are the Heavenly King Hall, the Dajue Six Masters Hall, the Mani Hall, the archway gate, the Buddhist Altar, the Cishi Pavilion, the Zhuanlun Pavilion, the Kangxi and Qianlong Imperial Stele Pavilion, the Great Compassion Pavilion, the Imperial Book Tower, the Jiqing Pavilion, the Amitabha Hall, the Pilu Hall, and the Longquan Well Pavilion. The Mani Palace was an important part of this layout. The novel " Hidden Dragon " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Longxing Temple Sutra Pavilion
Longxing Temple was located in Dongmenli Street, Zhengding County, Hebei Province, and was an AAA-level tourist attraction. The Sutra Library had a certain history of development. In the 17th year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1891), the Sutra Library of Longxing Temple was rebuilt. Later, Monk Lianxi went to Beijing to collect the scriptures and put them in this library. However, the library was destroyed and the scriptures were lost. Judging from the architectural layout, Longxing Temple was huge. There were many buildings along the main axis, and the Sutra Depository was one of them. In the temple, there was also a revolving chamber related to scriptures. The revolving chamber was a large bookshelf that could rotate and hold more than two tons of scriptures. The novel "Hidden Dragon" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Longxing Temple ticket price
Zhengding Longxing Temple adult ticket 50 yuan; Students with student ID card, 60 - 69 years old old with ID card or old age card, 1.2 - 1.4 meters children half price; Elderly people over 70 years old with ID card or old age card, children under 1.2 meters, elderly people over 60 years old (not clear whether 60 - 69 years old elderly are included, here according to other free tickets in the information speculated to include), disabled people, military free tickets. In addition, the team ticket price starts from 45 yuan. The novel "Hidden Dragon" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
The murals behind the hall of the ancient county government
There were usually different patterns on the murals at the back of the ancient county government's hall, and the most common one was the picture of the sea facing the sun. This mural symbolized that officials should be as clear as the sea and as bright as the morning sun, which meant that they should be honest, just, and selfless. Other pictures might include the sea, the red sun, and flying cranes, but the specific meaning and meaning might vary according to the region and era.
Zhengding 256 Mental Hospital
Zhengding 256 Hospital's telephone numbers were 81567026, 0311 - 88789191, and 0311 - 88022936. The emergency line was 18000312010, and the consultation number was 18000313663. However, there was no specific telephone information that indicated Zhengding 256 Mental Hospital. Here was the relevant contact number of Zhengding 256 Hospital.
Mani Pao
The Mani Pearl was a type of jewelry in Buddhism. It was also known as the Mani Pearl, the Ruyi Pearl, and the Ruyi Pearl. The Mani Gem was described as an orb that could materialize all kinds of treasures according to the wishes of the holder. It was also believed to have the merits of curing diseases and suffering. In Buddhism, Mani was often used to symbolize Dharma and Buddhist virtue, and to represent the merits of the scriptures. However, more information about Mani Baodan was not found in the search results provided.
Mani Orb Encyclopedia
The Mani Pearl referred to the Auspicious Pearl that came from the underwater dragon palace. It was a rare treasure. It was formed by flames and treasures. The treasures were formed by five treasures in a echelon of three, two, and one. They were arranged in three colors of yellow, green, and red, two colors of purple and green, and one color of green. Around the five treasures were fiery red flames that burned upwards, surrounding the treasures in the center, and below them was the lotus seat. The Mani Pearl was used in Buddhism to symbolize disaster relief and good fortune. People often used it to pray for happiness and peace, and to attract wealth and treasures. In addition, the Mani Pearl also had merits such as curing diseases and removing suffering. It could materialize all kinds of treasures at one's will. It was usually used to describe Dharma and Buddhist virtue, as well as to represent the merits of the scriptures.