The Principle of the Solvothermal Reaction and Its Use
The reaction principle of the thermal (solvothermal) method (in a broad sense) was that the formation of powder grains went through two stages of "dissolving and crystallization." First, the nutrients were dissolved in a hot medium, and then they entered the solution in the form of ions and molecular clusters. The ions, molecules, and ion clusters were transported and placed in the growth zone (low temperature zone) of the seed crystal to form a saturated solution, which then formed nuclei, formed crystal grains, and then crystallized. The reaction process was completed through chemical transmission. Liquid or gaseous water (the solution) was the medium for transmitting pressure under high temperature and high pressure. Most of the reagents could be partially dissolved in water (the solution), allowing the reaction to proceed under the critical conditions of the gas phase and the liquid phase. The application of the thermal (solvothermal) method: 1. It was suitable for the synthesis of composite powders, difficult to dissolve substances, and unstable phases at high temperatures. Because of the uniform particle size distribution, it avoided the introduction of impurities and defects in ball grinding and high-temperature baking. It was also a good method to effectively grow single crystals. 2. It could synthesize a new synthetic product with a special metastable structure and special condensed state. It could make low-melting-point compounds, substances with high vapor pressure that could not be formed in the melt, and high-temperature decomposition phases crystalize under the conditions of low temperature and low temperature. 3. It could synthesize low, intermediate, and special valency compounds, and could be evenly mixed. 4. It was an important method for the preparation of new materials (such as MOfs materials). Through this high-temperature and high-pressure thermal/solvothermal reaction, it could promote the dissolution of the reagents in the reaction solution, which was conducive to the occurrence of the reaction and the crystallization process. It was easy to obtain MOF crystallite products, and even single crystal products suitable for single crystal analysis could be obtained. 5. It could synthesize nanocrystals with special morphologies and excellent properties. Read more exciting novels for free
Principle of Allergen Reaction
Allergy reactions are caused by some people being overly sensitive to the substances (allergens) they come into contact with. When a sensitive individual comes into contact with a foreign, harmless substance (an allergy), the immune system will overreact and the body will produce a type of protein specific to the allergy. These IgE-bound to the high-affinity receptor on mast cells and basophils. When the allergy entered the body again and met with these bound molecules, the form of the immune receptor would change from a dimmer to a monolith. This change in form would lead to the exposure of the protein sites of the relevant signaling pathways, which would activate the downstream signaling pathways, causing allergic reactions such as vasodilation and bronchiectomy. In severe cases, it could cause allergic shock. In an allergic reaction, the affected organs or tissues will be infiltrated by a large number of inflammatory cells (especially those that are not activated), and a high concentration of IgE will appear in the serum. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Biuret and protein reaction principle
The principle of the reaction between biuret and protein was that biuret could react with copper sulfuric acid to form a purple substance. This might be caused by the peptidic bond structure in the biuret molecules. The nitrogen atom of the peptidic bond would form a purple complex with Cu2 + ions. Because there was also a peptidic bond structure in the protein, such a reaction would also occur. We called the purple reaction between the compound containing the peptidic bond structure and copper sulfuric acid solution "biuret reaction". In other words, as long as the molecules contained a peptidic bond, this characteristic purple reaction would generally occur. It wasn't that biuret reacted directly with the protein, but the reaction between the peptidic bond in the protein and copper ions. It was the same reaction type as biuret and copper ions. It was a " biuret reaction." When carrying out experiments related to the biuret reaction, biuret reagent A was a strong base, and biuret reagent B was copper sulfuric acid. When using it, add A to the protein solution first, shake it up, and then add B. Strong base and copper sulfuric acid can denature the protein, but this does not affect the purple reaction, because the essence of protein degeneration is that the spatial structure is destroyed, causing it to settle and lose its physiological activity. However, the bond structure and the sequence of the protein chain are generally not destroyed. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction Principle of Acid and Nitrite
The principle of the reaction between the two substances was that the reaction between the two substances would produce NaCl2, H2O, NO, and NO2. The reaction equation was 2NaNO2 + 2HQ = 2NaCl2 + H2O + NO + NO2. This was mainly due to the fact that the nitrogen acid was unstable and would decompose quickly. Moreover, nitrogen acid was a weak acid. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The selective principle of the ozon reaction is
Ozonation reaction was selective, and the order of the reaction was as follows: alkene> amine> phenols> polyaromatic> alcohol> carbols> alkyls. When a variety of impurities exist, the reaction rate of oxygen (O3) will be prioritized with the fast reaction rate of the impurities. When the PH is less than 11, it is mainly the molecular oxygen reaction, which has the characteristics of selective oxidization. The main impurities are the wastewaters with high molecular oxygen reaction rate constant, such as alcoholic wastewaters and high-ph wastewaters. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction Principle of Toothpaste and Iodine
The components of the toothpaste were composed of zinc-citrate, sodium-glyconate, and sodium-oh. These components could react with the iodine-like substance in the tincture to form the iodine-like substance. Generally, the iodine-like substance was only slightly pale yellow, so when the tincture was dripped into the toothpaste water and stirred, the color of the tincture would disappear. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction Principle of Dehydrating Alcohol into Ether
The alcohol group was first protonated, and then the oxygen atom of the other alcohol group attacked the protonated carbon with a pair of electrons, causing an Sn2 reaction, and then deprotonated to give ether. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Light Reaction Principle of Purple Light
The reaction principle of the purple light was as follows: The fluorescent reaction of a purple light lamp was based on the principle of luminescence. When a violet light (a violet flashlight) shone on certain substances, these substances would selectively absorb the violet light emitted by the violet light. The molecules would be stimulated, and they would emit visible light of the same wavelength and different intensity. When the light stopped, the fluorescence disappeared. When the infrared rays hit the fluorescent substance, there were three general situations: part of the infrared rays were reflected; part of the infrared rays were absorbed by the fluorescent substance; and part of the infrared rays were transmitted. The fluorescence occurred due to the absorption of the fluorescent substance. After the fluorescent substance absorbed the infrared rays, the internal energy state of the molecules changed, showing a transition between different energy levels and releasing fluorescence. For the Lighthouse series of purple lamps, the principle of light was to bombard the special fluorescent material inside the lamp with electric arcs after being energized, and then produce purple spectrum light waves. The violet light could be divided into the UUA band (320 - 400 <anno data-annotation-id ="00000100 - 400a-400a-400a-800a-8000000000000"> wave-length </anno>), the UVP band (275 - 320 </anno>), the UVP band (200 - 275 </anno>), and the UVR band (100 - 200 </anno>). Among them, the fluorescent powder in the purple tube could convert the arc energy into long-wave violet radiation in the UVA-band, such as the UVA-band of 340 - 380 run, and the UVA-band of 365 run was more suitable for checking the fine traces of the collection and fluorescent anti-counterfeit work. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaxff reaction force field principle
ReaxFF was a molecular force field based on bond level. It is commonly used in molecular dynamics simulations. Goddard and his collaborators at the California Institute of Technology suggested. In its simplest form, as a bridge between chemical quantum and the experiential force field, it used a set of relatively simple functions to describe the relationship between energy and geometry. For example, it used the EFF method to deal with the simple harmonic-wave equation of the condensed matter system. These equations were used to describe the stretching, compression, and bending of bond angles. However, the current reference materials did not have more in-depth information about its principle, so it was impossible to answer further. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reaction Principle of Rutoside and Ferric Trichlorid
The rutin molecules contain a alcoholic group, which can react with FeCl3. The specific performance was that when 2 - 3 drops of 1% FeCl3 alcohol solution were added to a solution containing rutin, a color change would occur based on the interaction between the alcoholic group and FeCl3. By observing this color change, rutin could be identified. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What is the reaction principle of firing porcelain?
Firing porcelain was a complicated process that involved many reaction principles. First of all, he needed to choose suitable raw materials, such as clay, porcelain stone, Quartz, etc., and crush and grind them into powder or granules. Then, it was molded. The common molding methods included manual molding (such as kneading, wheel molding) and mechanical molding (such as injection molding, squeezing). The molded product needs to be dried to remove moisture. It can be naturally dried or heated. The dried product entered the firing process, which could be divided into several stages, such as pre-firing, firing, and cooling. In the pre-burning stage, the organic matter and moisture in the product gradually burned and evaporated, and the crystallization and chemical reactions in the raw materials began to occur. During the firing stage, the temperature gradually increased, and the ceramic raw materials were agglomerated. As the temperature increased, the powder particles with a larger specific surface and higher surface energy in the green body changed in the direction of lowering the surface energy, and the material continued to migrate. The grain boundaries moved, the pores were gradually eliminated, and the particles were compressed. The particles combined with each other to form a dense structure. During this process, the green body would be densified at high temperatures. The driving force of the process was the surface energy. Smelting could be divided into two types: liquid phase and pure solid phase. Finally, in the cooling stage, the fired product should be slowly cooled to avoid internal stress and cracking. The control of temperature, time, and atmosphere during the entire firing process was very important. Different ceramic materials and products required different firing conditions. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>