Biology Middle School Entrance Exam Must Be Recalled Jiangxi 2023

Answer 1

The following are some of the must-memorize knowledge points for Jiangxi's 2023 biology high school entrance examination:
1. ** Basic characteristics of living creatures **
- Irritability, growth, reproduction, metabolism (the most basic characteristics).
- Living creatures needed nutrients: most plants produced organic matter through photosynthesis (autotrophy), while animals obtained ready-made nutrients from the outside world (heterotrophy).
- Living creatures can breathe and discharge waste from their bodies (animals discharge waste by sweating, exhaling, and urinating; plants discharge waste by falling leaves).
- Living things can grow and reproduce, and they have a well-organized structure (except for viruses, living things are made of cells).
2. ** Biological Diversity **
- This included species, genetic, and ecosystem variations.
3. ** Biosphere related **
- The range of the biosphere: the bottom of the atmosphere, most of the water, and the surface of the rock.
- The biosphere provided nutrients, sunlight, air, water, suitable temperature, and a certain living space for the survival of living creatures.
4. ** Creatures and the environment **
- The impact of living things on the environment: earthworms improve the soil, forests purify the air (beneficial aspects); locusts eat crops, mosquitoes spread diseases (harmful aspects).
- The adaptation of living creatures to the environment: For example, frogs hibernate (temperature), cactus leaves degenerate into thorns (water), etc. The adaptation methods include protective color, mimicry, alert color, suspended animation, or self-harm.
- The concept of an ecosystem was a unified entity formed by living things and the environment in a certain area. Its composition includes biological parts (producers, consumers, and resolvers) and non-biological parts (sunlight, water, air, temperature, etc.).
- Food chain: It is composed of producers and consumers (first class consumer, second class consumer, third class consumer...).
- There were different types of ecosystem, such as forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, marine ecosystem, freshwater ecosystem, farmland ecosystem, etc. The biosphere was the largest ecosystem.
5. ** Biological Exploration **
- The basic methods were observation, investigation, experiment, analysis, etc. The main method was the experimental method.
- The general process of the experimental method was to raise questions, make assumptions, formulate and implement plans, draw conclusions, express and communicate. In the development of the plan, one had to pay attention to variables and set up a control group.
6. [Cell related]
- How to use the microscope
- The multiple of the eyepieces multiplied by the multiple of the objective lens = the amplification factor. The greater the amplification factor, the fewer cells could be seen.
- The image presented under the microscope was inverted. Wherever the image was in the field of view, the slide would continue to move to the center.
- When the light was strong, use a small aperture and a flat mirror; when the light was weak, use a large aperture and a concave mirror.
- From the low power scope to the high power scope, the field of view darkened and the number of cells decreased.
- When the lens is stained, use the lens cleaning paper to clean the lens.
- First, use a low-power scope, then a high-power scope; first, use a coarse focal screw, then use a fine focal screw. After the microscope is done, the field of view is clean and white. The coarse focal screw can adjust the height of the tube. When rotating, look at the objective lens.
- The steps of making a temporary slide of oral oral cells were as follows: wipe the slide and cover glass, drop a drop of physiological salt solution in the center of the slide, take oral cells, smear oral cells in the physiological salt solution, cover the cover glass, and dye (the role of the physiological salt solution was to maintain the normal shape of the cells and maintain the normal physiological functions of the cells).
- The steps of making the onion temporary mounting slide were as follows: wipe the slide and cover glass, drop a drop of water in the center of the slide, take the onion skin cells, put the skin cells in the water, cover the cover glass, and dye.
- The common structure of animal cells and plant cells were cell membrane, nucleus, and plasma. Plant cells had more cell walls, plastids, and vesicles than animal cells. Both animal and plant cells had mitochondria.
- Function of cell structure: The cell wall has protection and support; the cell membrane has protection and control of the entry and exit of substances; the plasma is an important place for life activities; the nucleus is the control center of life activities and contains genetic materials; the mitochondria is the place of respiratory action and can carry out energy conversion; the vesicles contain cell fluid, various colors, sugar, etc.; the plastids are the place of photosynthesis, containing the green color of the leaves.
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