The imperial examination system
The imperial examination system was developed and perfected in different dynasties. The following is a detailed introduction: ** 1. Sui Dynasty ** 1. ** Founding the Jinshi Division ** - Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, established the Jinshi Section in 587 AD. This was an important symbol of the initial formation of the imperial examination system. It provided a new way to select talents and broke the old mode of selecting officials. - Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty officially established the Jinshi Examination, which laid the foundation of the imperial examination system and opened a new era of selecting officials through examinations. It was aimed at bringing the north and south together and breaking the monopoly of the gentry on official positions. 2. ** Examinations to select officials ** - Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty began to use the method of sub-subject examination to select officials, which changed the previous method of selecting officials and laid the foundation for the establishment of the imperial examination system. ** 2. Tang Dynasty ** 1. ** Talent Cultivation and School Management ** - Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty expanded the scale of Chinese studies, expanded the school, increased the number of students, advocated the use of people based on virtue and knowledge, and strengthened the management of the central school. Its management organization was the Imperial College, which had six schools under it: the Imperial College, the Imperial College, the Four Schools, the Law School, the Calligraphy School, and the Arithmetic School. 2. ** Exam content and subjects ** - Wu Zetian paid special attention to the imperial examination and created the palace examination, which was to personally test the candidates and also created a secret examination method. At the same time, after she became emperor, she set up a martial arts examination, which included riding archery, foot archery, horse spear, weight bearing, etc. Those who passed the examination could be appointed as military officers. - During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Jinshi examination was changed to poetry and Fu, and poetry and Fu became the most important examination content. The Jinshi examination also became the most important examination subject in the Tang Dynasty. ** 3. Song Dynasty ** 1. ** In terms of expanding the scope of examiners ** - Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin laid the foundation for the suppression of children and the selection of poor scholars into the ruling class. In the third year of Chunhua of Song Taizong (992 AD), the children of the "industrial and commercial, miscellaneous" classes were allowed to participate in the imperial examination. During the period of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Li Bangyan, who was born as the son of a silversmith, entered the official career after passing the imperial examination. During the Southern Song Dynasty, those who were "the sons of Ninggan and Guizhou officials" and "massacring as a profession" were also given the opportunity to take the exam. - In the second year of Xining of Song Shenzong (AD 1069), the imperial clan examination system was established to encourage the imperial relatives to participate in the imperial examination. - The Song Dynasty established the system of "special memorial name". For those who repeatedly failed the provincial or palace examinations and reached the number and age stipulated by the imperial court, the Ministry of Rites could give them a special memorial name and directly participate in the palace examination, giving them official titles or backgrounds. 2. ** The relationship between the examination and the appointment of officials ** - After the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination was directly linked to the officialdom. In the second year of Taiping Xingguo of the Song Dynasty (977 AD), Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty personally presided over the imperial examination. 3. ** Exam fairness ** - In order to prevent gun replacement (substitute examination), the Song Dynasty imperial examination adopted a floating ticket system, which recorded the physical characteristics of the examinee in detail so that the examiner could identify them. It also adopted a guarantee registration system. The examinee needed several people to guarantee to participate in the examination. If one person cheated, he or she would be punished. At the same time, the Song Dynasty severely punished gun substitutes once they were discovered. Not only were they stripped of their official titles, but they were also sent to serve. ** 4. Ming and Qing Dynasties ** 1. ** Examiner Management ** - In Ming Dynasty, the examiners of imperial examinations included chief examiners, fellow examiners, examiners, promotion officials, supply officials, sealing officials, transcribers, search and inspection officials, and examiners. They managed the imperial examinations through the selection of examiners. 2. ** Fraud prevention measures ** - The second round of examination and the grinding test were important measures to prevent cheating in the examination field in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the township examination, the court would grind the examination papers and at the same time, there was a second round of examination system. - The examiner's evasion system began in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties continued to use and expand the scope of suspicion. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!
Is it still the imperial examination system?
No, the imperial examination system was officially abolished in the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), and the imperial examination system is no longer implemented. Modern society adopted a variety of education and talent selection systems, such as the entrance examination, professional qualification examination, and civil servant selection examination under the school education system. These systems were essentially different from the imperial examination system. The purpose, content, and methods of selection were adapted to the needs of modern society. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!
Was the imperial examination system really useless?
The imperial examination system was a system of selecting officials in ancient China. Its advantages and disadvantages were obvious. The advantages of the imperial examination system: 1. Fairness: The imperial examination system adopted the method of sub-subject examination to make the examination more fair. No matter the background, wealth, status and other factors would no longer affect the examination results. 2. Selection of talents: The imperial examination system could effectively curb the influence of special relationships and forces by selecting talents through examinations, thus ensuring the quality of officials. 3. Restricting the power of officials: The imperial examination system restricted the power of officials. The promotion and treatment of officials were related to political achievements and contributions, not just personal relationships and background. Disadvantages of the imperial examination system: 1. The problem of corruption: Although the imperial examination system could select excellent officials, the simplicity and lack of clarity of the examination system could easily lead to corruption. 2. Regional differences: Although the imperial examination system is fair, there may be differences in the examination results and admission standards in different regions due to regional differences. 3. Single selection method: The imperial examination system used the method of sub-subject examination, which lacked other methods of selecting officials. As a result, the selection of officials was too simple and difficult to adapt to the needs of different fields and positions. 4. Restricting personal development: The imperial examination system only pays attention to the examination results and neglects the individual's ability, specialty, and interest, limiting personal development and innovation. To sum up, the imperial examination system had both advantages and disadvantages. Although the imperial examination system curbed corruption and the abuse of official power to a certain extent, its fairness and the way of selecting talents were also insufficient. Therefore, in modern society, the role and function of the officials selected by the imperial examination system had changed greatly, and their value and influence needed to be re-evaluated.
The fundamental purpose of the imperial examination system
The fundamental purpose of the imperial examination system was to select talents to provide a strong labor force and talents for governing the country. Those who passed the imperial examination could be promoted and selected to serve the country and the people. The imperial examination system had played an important role in the history of China and promoted the stability and development of Chinese society.
Poetry Reflecting the Imperial Examination System
Tang Dynasty imperial examination system
The imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty was mainly divided into the nine-grade system and the imperial examination system. Under the nine-grade system, officials were divided into nine grades, each grade was divided into two grades, and above the genuine grade, there were three grades. There was a specific selection procedure for officials. Each rank had a specific examination content. Officials had to pass the examination to be promoted. Taichang Temple, the Imperial College, the Imperial College, and other institutions participated in the examination, evaluation, and selection of officials. The ranks and positions of officials were evaluated according to their moral character, knowledge, and ability. The imperial examination system was even more important. Its core was the imperial examination, with examination subjects such as Ming classics, Ming law, Ming history, etc. The content of the Ming Jing examination mainly involved classics such as the Four Books and Five Classics; the Ming law examined legal knowledge and laws; the Ming history involved the history and figures of the Tang Dynasty. These subjects were mainly used for universal education and the selection of low-level officials. The difficulty of the examination and the number of participants varied. The Jinshi examination was the most important examination subject. It was held once every three years and hosted by the Ministry of Personnel. The number of people taking the examination was generally around 2,000. The examination content mainly included classics, historical biography, policy theory, etc. It was divided into three stages: the palace examination, the general examination, and the Ministry of Rites examination. The examination time was as long as half a year. In the palace examination, candidates had to answer questions in front of the emperor; the general examination was held in the provincial capital to test the meaning of classics and historical biography; the Ministry of Rites examination was held in the capital to test the knowledge of strategy and etiquette. The candidates who passed the Ministry of Rites examination could become Jinshi and be awarded official positions. However, there were some problems in the imperial examination of the Tang Dynasty, such as the existence of the general list, the circulation of papers, etc., which lacked basic fairness, providing opportunities for related households to exploit loopholes. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!
A poem describing the imperial examination system
The poison of the imperial examination system to scholars
The imperial examination system was harmful to scholars in many ways. From a spiritual point of view, the imperial examination system made many scholars see it as the only way to rise, so the imperial examination completely controlled their spiritual world. For example, Fan Jin, who had been obsessed with the imperial examination for decades from the age of twenty to his fifties, could only be submissive in the face of his father-in-law's scolding and insults, losing his personal dignity. Even though he was only a scholar at the age of fifty and was scolded by his father-in-law, he still insisted on taking the imperial examination. It could be seen how deeply the imperial examination had poisoned him. When the news of the imperial examination came, he was so happy that he went crazy. This showed that his many years of failure in the examination field had completely lost him. His soul had been seriously polluted by the imperial examination system, and he had become a pitiful worm that had been alienated by the imperial examination. Kong Yiji was also a victim of the imperial examination system. After the 1911 Revolution, the imperial examination system was abolished. Due to the influence of the imperial examination system for many years, he was unable to distinguish between the five grains and the five grains, was not diligent in his four bodies, and was destitute. However, he still could not let go of the airs of a scholar. He was ridiculed and teased all day long. In the end, he died tragically because his legs were broken for stealing. His experience reflected the embarrassment of the old intelligentsia after the abolition of the imperial examination system, which had cut off their channels of advancement. It also reflected the poison that the imperial examination system had on the spirit of the intelligentsia. From the perspective of values, the imperial examination system was based on the order of the country and the family ethics. The teaching materials and thinking core were limited to the content of ethics such as the Four Books and the Five Classics. It only taught people to understand and deal with human relations, such as saluting, kowtowing, respecting heaven and ancestors, etc. Under such a system, the values of scholars were limited to the "loyalty and filial piety" required by the feudal imperial power and patriarchy. That was to consolidate the feudal imperial power upward and the feudal patriarchy downward, with obedience and blind faith as the purpose. At the societal level, the district quota system under the imperial examination system gave birth to cheating, such as impersonation. In order to increase the chances of passing the examination, some examinees pretended to be from their hometown to participate in the examination. This behavior reflected the utilitarian-oriented pursuit brought about by the imperial examination system and also affected social fairness and stability. In short, the imperial examination system had poisoned scholars in many aspects, such as spirit, values, and society. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!
A novel that satirizes the imperial examination system
The Scholars was a novel that satirized the imperial examination system. It was written in the middle of the 18th century by the Qing Dynasty writer Wu Jingzi. This novel sharply satirized and criticized the dark politics of feudal society, especially the imperial examination system. It went deep into the twisted souls of the characters tortured and poisoned by the imperial examination system, depicting a real and vivid historical picture of social life at the end of the feudal period. The plot in the book was like Fan Jin's passing the imperial examination. Fan Jin took decades to pass the imperial examination, but he was so happy that he went crazy. It fully showed the psychological state of the scholars in society at that time who were obsessed with the imperial examination. It also reflected the social atmosphere of the imperial examination system, which was fawning on power, passionate about official career, good official reputation and wealth, and the fickleness of the world. Lu Xun's Kong Yiji could also be regarded as a satirical work of the imperial examination system. The novel described the Confucian scholar Kong Yiji, who was poor and destitute due to his inability to distinguish between the five grains and the four bodies after the imperial examination was abolished after the 1911 Revolution. He was ridiculed and teased all day long. In the end, he died miserably because his legs were broken for stealing. Behind it was the fate of the old intelligentsia who sought to advance in the imperial examination after the imperial examination system was abolished. It exposed the poison of the imperial examination system to the spirit of the intelligentsia and the "cannibalistic" nature of the feudal system. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!
Punishment System for Cheating in the Imperial Examination
In ancient times, the punishment system for cheating in the imperial examination was stricter. Take the Ming and Qing Dynasties as an example: - [Ming Dynasty: If an examinee is caught with a cheat sheet, regardless of whether it is plagiarized or not, they will be shackled and paraded on the spot. This is a great humiliation to scholars who value their reputation and integrity.] Moreover, the person who vouched for the candidate would also be punished. Those who cheated in serious cases would be exiled to the frontier. If Tang Bohu was implicated in the fraud case, although there was no evidence to regain his freedom, he was disqualified for life. - ** Qing Dynasty **: During the Shunzhi period, a major case of fraud occurred in the imperial examination. The examiners were greedy for money and accepted bribes according to the list of bribes. Shunzhi was furious and severely punished the people involved. For example, Wang Shude and others should be beheaded immediately, their family property confiscated, and their wives, parents, and brothers were exiled to Shangyang Castle. During the Kangxi and Qianlong reigns, those involved in the imperial examination fraud cases were also executed. In general, cheating in the imperial examination was a serious behavior in ancient times. Once different cheating methods were discovered, they would be severely punished to maintain the fairness of the imperial examination system. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!
What are the novels with the imperial examination system?
Among the reference materials, there was a novel that mentioned the imperial examination system called " The Resentful Couple of Rebirth." In the novel, the main character suddenly had an imperial examination system in his mind. There were hundreds of famous teachers online to make up for the missed lessons, one-on-one tutoring, and all-day service. However, at present, only this novel with the imperial examination system was found. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>