Sam Winchester as well. He could be part of the story, maybe trying to figure out what Castiel is doing in the past and how it impacts their current situation. His knowledge and research skills could play a role in understanding the consequences of Castiel's time - traveling.
Dean Winchester is often a common character. Since he has a strong bond with Castiel, he might be involved in the time - travel events either directly or through Castiel's actions in the past that affect him in the present.
Often, other angels may appear. Angels from Castiel's past in Heaven might be part of the story, either as antagonists trying to stop Castiel from changing the past or as allies who support his mission for some reason.
One interesting plotline could be Castiel going back in time to prevent a major disaster in the past that has far - reaching consequences for the present. For example, he might stop a powerful demon from making a deal that would later lead to the death of many hunters.
One common theme is self - discovery. As Castiel travels through time, he often learns more about himself, his purpose, and his place in the grand scheme of things. For example, in many fics, he realizes things about his past actions that he didn't fully understand before.
Sokka would also be a common character. His strategic mind could be very useful in a different time period. He might be the one who figures out how to deal with the new situations they encounter while in the past. For instance, if they need to outwit an enemy in a historical battle, Sokka would be the one to come up with a plan.
One common theme is identity. Since Castiel is usually male in the original series, when she's female in fanfiction, there's a lot of exploration about how she sees herself and how others perceive her. For example, some fics show her struggling with the new body and the expectations that come with it.
One common theme is friendship. Their bond, whether it's a platonic friendship or something more, is often explored. Writers like to show how they support each other through tough times.
One common theme is redemption. When Castiel is hurt, often the story will revolve around him finding a way to redeem himself, whether it's from a mistake he made that led to his pain or just from a sense of lost purpose. For example, in some fanfictions, he might have been hurt because he trusted the wrong entity and then has to make amends.
One common theme is the theme of rescue. Usually, the other characters, like Dean and Sam, will go to great lengths to save Castiel. For example, they might face numerous dangerous creatures or powerful enemies in their quest to rescue him.
One common theme is redemption. Since Castiel has made some mistakes in the show, a lot of fanfiction focuses on him trying to make up for those. Another theme is his relationship with the other main characters, like Dean and Sam. His loyalty and how it is tested is often explored.
One common theme is Castiel's struggle with his angelic nature and his growing humanity. He often has to choose between following angelic orders and doing what he believes is right. Another theme is his loyalty to the Winchesters, especially Dean. His relationship with Dean is a central focus in many fanfics, whether it's a deep friendship or something more. Also, themes of redemption are common, as Castiel has made many mistakes in the series and fanfics often explore his path to redemption.
Rowena might also be a character in this fanfiction. She has a vast knowledge of magic. So, she could be the one who either accidentally turned Castiel into a dog in the first place or is the key to turning him back. Her sassy attitude would add a lot of flavor to the story as she deals with a dog - Castiel and the Winchesters.