Comparatively literature and national literature are both important branches of literature research, but their focus and methods are slightly different. The study of literature from different cultures, different countries, and different ethnic groups, including literary phenomena, literary traditions, literary styles, and literary schools, etc., is to discover and reveal the nature and laws of literature through the similarities and differences between literature. The research methods of the comparison literature include horizontal comparison and vertical comparison. Horizontal comparison refers to comparing the performance and characteristics of literary works of the same period, the same genre, or the same theme in the same or different cultures, countries, and ethnic groups; vertical comparison refers to comparing the development and changes of literary works of different periods, different schools, or different topics in the same culture, country, and ethnic group. Country Literature studies the literary works of different countries or regions, including the creation background, author, theme, plot, character image, etc. By comparing the literary phenomena and literary traditions of different countries or regions, it probes into the literary relations and differences between different cultures and reveals the literary characteristics and laws between different cultures. The research methods of national literature include horizontal and vertical comparison of literary works, cultural comparison and historical comparison. Therefore, the focus and research methods of the two are different, but they are both indispensable branches of the field of literary studies.
Comparative literature and literary comparison are both methods of studying literary phenomena, but the focus and scope are different. The purpose of this field is to explore the essence, function, development process, and aesthetic features of literature by comparing literary phenomena in different cultures and historical backgrounds. The content of the study of literature includes the content, structure, style, language, character creation, plot, and theme of literary works. It focuses on the differences and commonalities of literature in different cultures and historical backgrounds. Literature comparison is more focused on the similarities and differences between literary works, aiming to reveal the connection and interaction between literary phenomena in different cultures and historical backgrounds. The study of literature comparison includes the types, theme, technique, style, acceptance and evaluation of literary works. It focuses on comparing the similarities and differences between literary works of different cultures and historical backgrounds to explore the relationship between culture, history and human experience behind literary phenomena. Therefore, although the methods and contents of comparison literature and literature comparison are different, they are both important ways to study literary phenomena and provide important reference for the development and understanding of literature.
National literature, national literature, world literature, and general literature are all different classifications in the field of literary research. Their research objects and scope are different. National literature refers to literature that focuses on a specific nation or ethnic group. It usually focuses on the cultural traditions, history, politics, society, and lifestyle of the nation. Representative literary works include poetry, novels, plays, essays, and so on. The study of ethnic literature mainly involved the culture, language, history, tradition, values and other aspects of the ethnic group. Country literature referred to literature that focused on a specific country or region. It usually focused on the cultural traditions, history, politics, society, and lifestyle of the country or region. Representative literary works included poetry, novels, plays, essays, and so on. The study of national literature mainly involved the culture, history, politics, society, and lifestyle of the country or region. World literature referred to literature that studied the culture, history, society, and lifestyle of the world. It usually focused on the common culture, history, values, and lifestyle of humans. Representative literary works included poetry, novels, plays, essays, and so on. The study of world literature mainly involved human culture, history, values, and lifestyle. Compared with national literature, national literature, and world literature, general literature does not have a specific research object and scope. It refers to all literary works, including works of various ethnic groups, countries, and regions. The study of general literature mainly involved the commonality, characteristics, history, culture, and values of literary works.
Comparatively literature and general literature are both important fields of literature research, but their goals and research methods are different. The main purpose of comparison literature is to compare the literary phenomena of different cultures, different countries, and different historical periods to explore the differences and similarities between literature, so as to deeply understand the essence of literature and the historical development process. The research methods of the comparison literature mainly include the collection of the comparison literature materials and the analysis of the comparison literature. Overall literature was to study the overall phenomenon and development trend of literature, including the types, theme, style, techniques, etc. of literary works, as well as the reflection and influence of literature on society, politics, economy, etc. The research methods of general literature mainly include the analysis of literary works and general literary evaluation. Therefore, although both of them are important fields of literature research, their purposes and research methods are different.
Movies and literature were both art forms with their own characteristics and styles. But there are some differences between them. Here are some examples: Movies are usually presented in the form of sight and sound, while literary works rely more on words. This meant that movies could enhance their performance through visual effects, while literary works required the readers to imagine and feel for themselves. The audience of movies is usually young people and the general public, while the audience of literary works is wider and includes people of all ages. The production cycle of movies is relatively short, usually taking months or years, while the creation of literary works usually takes longer, even years or decades. Movies can be spread faster through television, radio, the Internet and other channels, while literary works need to be spread through books, magazines, newspapers and other traditional channels. Movies can be censored and restricted to ensure the accuracy of their social values and moral values, while literary works are not censored and restricted, allowing them to express the author's thoughts and feelings more freely. Film and literature have different forms of expression and audiences, but they are both excellent art forms that can bring people a wonderful experience and inspiration.
Youth literature usually refers to the literature works that describe young people's growth, self-exploration, and the difficulties of puberty. The topics often include love, friendship, self-awareness, and growth. Youth literature tended to pay more attention to emotional descriptions and psychological explorations, as well as social reality and growing environment. In contrast to youth literature, literature usually referred to various types of literary works, including novels, poems, essays, plays, and so on. The topics and content of literature were very broad, covering readers of all ages and cultures. The creation of literature usually paid more attention to ideology and artistry, hoping to convey human experience and wisdom.
Literature and non-literature were two different concepts. The specific differences were as follows: Literature is a form of art that uses language, literary style, images, emotions, and other means to express human life, social history, cultural values, and other topics. The creation of literature required a certain level of literary attainment and language ability, including the standard, artistic, and expressive use of language. Literature has a unique aesthetic value and cultural significance that can influence human thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Non-literature is a broader concept that includes various art forms such as painting, sculpture, music, dance, drama, film, etc. Non-literary creation mainly focused on the object and method of expression rather than the value and meaning of literature. Non-literary works can also have a strong cultural influence, but they usually do not have the literary characteristics and aesthetic value of literary works. Therefore, the main difference between literature and non-literature lies in the purpose of creation, the way of creation, and the characteristics of literature. Literature had a unique aesthetic and cultural value, while non-literature paid more attention to artistic forms and objects of expression.
There were many differences between Chinese and Western cultures, the most obvious of which was the style and expression of literature. Chinese literature was more inclined to express traditional culture and history, while Western culture was more focused on expressing selfishness and free will. Chinese literary works often used traditional Chinese culture as the background, such as poetry, prose, opera, etc., which emphasized the transmission of emotions and artistic conception. The way of expression in Chinese literature was also more subtle, often requiring the readers to discover the hidden information in the works themselves. In contrast, Western culture paid more attention to the concept of selfishness and free will, which was expressed more directly, frankly, and explicitly in literary works. In Western culture, novels, poems, movies, and other works often depicted personal adventures, explorations, and growth. Through the protagonist's experiences, readers could feel the individual's free will and the meaning of life. In addition, the literary forms of Chinese literature and Western culture were very different. In Chinese literature, poetry had a relatively high status, but in Western culture, novels had an even higher status. In Chinese literature, prose, opera and other literary forms were more common, but rarely appeared in Western culture. Generally speaking, Chinese literature and Western culture were very different in terms of literary style, expression, and literary form. This difference reflected the history, tradition, values and background of different cultures. It was also an important aspect of the exchange and integration of Chinese and Western cultures.
Folk literature refers to literary works that originate from the people and focus on people's lives. It has a wide range of sources and content, and is usually not subject to the intervention and control of official literary institutions or literati. The representative works of folk literature include poems, novels, essays, stories, legends, etc. Its style, language, theme, and form are deeply influenced and restricted by the lives of local people. Compared with folk literature, literature usually refers to literary works created by literati. There are strict regulations and restrictions on the creation organization, creation method and content. The creation of literature required the guidance and control of official institutions or literati. Their works usually had to meet certain standards and requirements. There was an essential difference between folk literature and literature. Folk literature is the true reflection of people's lives, and its content, form, and style are deeply influenced and restricted by the local people's lives; while literature is a literary work created by literati. Its creation organization, creation method, and content have strict regulations and restrictions. Its content must meet certain standards and requirements.
The reference books of the literature major of the National Normal University included: 1. A Course on the Principles of Comparatively Written Literature (2nd edition) by Li Jihong, China Social Sciences Press, 2011. 2 A Short History of World Literature (second edition) by Shen Rongjin, Peking University Press, 2015. 3 History of Western Literature Theory (Second edition), Wang Cizhao, Higher Education Press, 2013. 4 "History of World Literature"(Second edition) by Chen Xulu, Peking University Press, 2014. 5. An Introduction to Comparatively Written Literature by Zhang Tongdao, China Social Sciences Press, 2006. 6 Introduction to Literature, Wang Guowei, Higher Education Press, 2005. The above reference books are the more commonly used textbooks for the field of literature and world literature. They can help readers systematically understand the basic concepts and theories in this field. At the same time, it was also necessary to choose suitable reference books according to different teaching requirements and course characteristics.