Enumerate the five major theoretical schools of western postmodern literary theory
The five major schools of Western postmodern literary theory are as follows: 1 Nihilist Faction (Neo-Nihilist): This faction advocates the complete denial of literature, art, and philosophy, believing that the values they preach are outdated and unable to solve practical problems. The rise of nihilism in the 1960s was represented by the French philosopher Albert Camus and the German philosopher Heidegger. The school of structuralism believes that a literary text is composed of a series of structures and elements that can be revealed by analyzing the grammar rules of language and text. In the 1920s, the structuralist school rose up, and its representatives included the American philologist Theodore de Winter and the British philosopher Toni Morrison. Symbolism: This school believes that literary texts express human emotions through symbols and symbols. These symbols and symbols can be created by various factors such as religion, philosophy, culture, history, and so on. The rise of the school of semiotics in the early 20th century was represented by the British poet William Blake and the French philosopher Jean-Francois Lyotard. 4. Cultural Anthropologists: This school focuses on the variety and complexity of human culture, history, and society, attempting to understand human behavior and thinking through the study of human culture and history. In the 1930s, the cultural Anthropologist School was founded by James Reid, an American Anthropologist, and Raymond Chander, a British Anthropologist. 5. The School of Modern Thought: This school advocated that literature should reflect the current social and development trends of the times, emphasizing the innovation and progress of literature. The rise of the modern faction in the early 20th century was represented by the English poet John Keats and the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.
Enumerate the representative figures and their works in different stages of western literary theory.
There are many important representatives and works in different stages of Western literary theory. The following are some examples: 1. Ancient Greek literary theory: works by Aristocle, Homer, Platoto, and Aristocle's Metaphysical, Moral, and Political Science; (2) medieval literary theory: Ptolemy, Epictetus, Russell, Diderot, and St. Thomas Aqinas's General Theory of Theology, Principles of Philosophy, and On the Origin and Foundation of Human Inequality; 3. Renaissance literary theory: works of art and cultural theories by William Shakespeare, cervantes (The Poet, Don Quijote, Hamlet, etc.), Michelangelo, and Raphael; 4. 18th-century literary theory: Goethe (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz), Kant (Immanuel Kant), and Hegel (Simone de Beauvoir)'s philosophical thoughts and literary theories; 5. 19th-century literary theory: the literary works and thoughts of Georges Hegel, Nietzsche, Voltaire, Hugo, Dickens, and Maurpassant; 6. 20th-century literary theory: Kafka, Marquez, Ernest, Faulkner, and Mo Yan's literary works and thoughts; 7 Modern literary theory: Huxley (Herbert Blumer), Jean-Paul Sartre (Jean-Paul Sartre), Calvino (Italian, philosopher, cultural critic) literary theory; 8. Modern literary theory: Karl Mars, Nietzsche, Deluze's cultural theory, Post-structuralism, etc.
The specific theoretical composition of literary schools
Different literary schools have different creative ideas, aesthetic characteristics, and historical origins. The following are some common literary schools and their theoretical composition: 1. Realist literature school: emphasizing true descriptions and an objective attitude, paying attention to social reality and the nature of human existence. The creative ideas of this school included "reality, objective, science" and so on. 2. Romanticism: emphasizing the expression of emotions and ideals, pursuing freedom, personality, and imagination. The creative ideas of this school included "emotion, ideals, freedom" and so on. 3. Modern literature school: emphasizing the meaning of structure, symbols and symbols, paying attention to the exploration of human psychology and human nature. The creative ideas of this school included "structure, symbol, symbolism" and so on. 4. Post-modern literary school: emphasizing anti-tradition and anti-rationality, pursuing unique aesthetic experience and profound ideology. The creative ideas of this school included "anti-tradition, anti-rationality" and so on. 5. Magical realism: emphasizing the surreal and fantasy characteristics, presenting an aesthetic experience beyond reality through fictional scenes and characters. The creative ideas of this genre included "surrealism, fantasy" and so on. 6. Sci-fi realism: emphasizing the realistic role of science and technology and sci-fi elements, integrating sci-fi elements into realistic literature. The creative ideas of this genre included "science and technology, science fiction, reality" and so on. In addition to the common literary schools mentioned above, there were many other literary schools such as symbolism, Existentialism, Expressionism, realism, and so on. Every literary school has its own creative ideas, aesthetic characteristics and historical origins. They also have their own unique ways of expression and influence in literary practice.
The differences between ancient Chinese literary theory and western literary theory
There are many differences between ancient Chinese literary theory and western literary theory. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the beauty and artistry of literary forms such as poetry, prose, and novels, while Western literary theory paid more attention to the social, political, or cultural significance of literary works. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the relationship between literature and society, history, politics and other real worlds, while western literary theory paid more attention to emotions and experiences. 3. Ancient Chinese literary theory paid attention to the structure and plot design of literary works, while Western literary theory paid more attention to the narrative techniques, character creation and theme discussion of novels. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the uniqueness and uniqueness of literature, while Western literary theory emphasized the universeness and template of literature. Ancient Chinese literary theory emphasized the critical and reflective function of literature, while Western literary theory paid more attention to the revelation and discussion of human nature, society and history in literary works. There are differences between ancient Chinese literary theory and western literary theory in literary form, literary theme, literary creation method, etc. These differences reflect the understanding and pursuit of literature under different cultural backgrounds.
What were the differences between the four major theoretical schools of psychology?
There were four major schools of thought in psychology, namely, ethology, cognitism, humanism, and Existentialism. The main difference between them lies in the understanding and explanation of psychological processes, sources of knowledge, cognitive structures, and values. According to the doctrine of behaviour, human behaviour is caused by external stimulus, and the intensity, frequency and timing of the stimulus determine human behaviour. Therefore, the study of behavior can be achieved by controlling external stimulus. Cognitists believed that people's thoughts, knowledge, values, and other psychological activities were determined by internal factors rather than caused by external stimulation. Therefore, cognitists emphasized the study of internal factors such as thinking, knowledge, and values. Humanism believes that human dignity and value are the central issues of human beings. Human beings should focus on self-realization and self-improvement. Humanism emphasized the study of individual psychological needs and values. Existentialism believes that the existence of human beings is based on free choice, and the value of human beings is determined by the free will of individual choices and actions. Therefore, Existentialism emphasized the study of individual free will and values. In contrast, humanists and Existentialists paid more attention to the subjective experience and values of individuals, while ethologists and cognitists paid more attention to the nature of human behavior and the influence of external stimulation.
What are the three major theoretical schools of sociology, and what are their characteristics and differences?
The three major theoretical schools of sociology are: doctrine, sociological positivistic, and theoretical structuralism. The theory of the school of Marxian theory is an important school of sociological theory. Its basic idea is "historical realism", which believes that society is the objective reflection of material existence, and the development of society is determined by the interaction and influence of economic foundation and the upper structure. The main characteristics of the school of theory of the theory of the The theory of sociological positivistic theory was a sociological theory that attached importance to the study of positivistic research and the laws of social reality. Its main idea was that "positivistic" believed that only by doing positive research could a real scientific conclusion be drawn. Theory must be linked to reality for positive research to verify or overthrow the theory. The main characteristics of sociological positivistic theory include: emphasizing the importance of positive research, emphasizing the validity of theory, and thinking that theory must be connected with reality for positive research. The theory of theoretical construction is a sociological theory that values the free creation and construction of theories. Its main idea was that "structuralism" believed that theory was the creation and explanation of reality by human beings, and that theory was formed in the process of continuous development and evolution. The main characteristics of the theory of theoretical construction include: emphasizing the free creation of theory and the significance of theoretical construction, paying attention to the historical and cultural background of theory, and believing that theory is constantly developing and evolving. The difference between the three schools of theory was that the school of theory of the Marxists mainly focused on the objective and materialistic nature of society, emphasizing the regularity and universal nature of the development of social history; the school of theory of sociological positivistic theory mainly focused on the positive research and the law of social reality, emphasizing the validity of theory; the school of theory of theory construction mainly focused on the free creation of theory and the significance of theoretical construction, emphasizing the historical and cultural background of theory and the significance of continuous development and evolution of theory.
What are the postgraduate schools for Chinese literary history and literary theory?
The history and theory of Chinese literature is an important field in the study of Chinese literature. There are many famous postgraduate schools in China, and the following are some of them: Peking University: Peking University is one of the most famous comprehensive universities in China. Its literary research and education level are also very high. Peking University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature covers the history of Chinese literature and various fields of literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. 2 Tsinghua University: Tsinghua University is one of the top science and engineering universities in China, but its literary research and education cannot be ignored. Tsinghua University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature also covered various fields of Chinese literary history and literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. 3 Fudan University: Fudan University is a comprehensive university in China with a high level of literary research and education. Fudan University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature covers the history of Chinese literature and various fields of literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong University: Shanghai Jiao Tong University is one of the top science and engineering universities in China, but its literary research and education cannot be ignored. Shanghai Jiao Tong University's postgraduate course in Chinese literature also covered various fields of Chinese literary history and literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. Nanjing University: Nanjing University is a comprehensive university in China with a high level of literary research and education. The postgraduate course of Chinese Literature at Nanjing University covers various fields of Chinese literary history and literary theory, including ancient literature, modern literature, contemporary literature, etc. These are just a small portion of the schools that offer Chinese literary history and literary theory. Of course, there are many other schools that also provide relevant courses and training. The choice of school was also based on personal interests, professional background, and goals.
What are the five basic schools of western modernism?
The five basic schools of western modernism were: 1. Realist literature: emphasizing the direct experience and authenticity of social reality and human life, paying attention to the details and structure of characters and events, and paying attention to logic and objectively. 2. Symbolism literature: Through symbols and symbols to explore the human heart and spiritual world, emphasizing the symbolism and abstractness of language, pursuing the transcendence and freedom of language. 3. Modern literature: Oppose the structure and language patterns of traditional literature and explore new literary forms and language styles, including expressionism, futurism, symbolism, expressionism-symbolism, etc. 4. Postmodern literature: It is a response to modern literature and cultural criticism, emphasizing the historical and complex nature of literature and culture, and exploring the deep meaning of modern social and cultural phenomena. 5. feminism literature: focusing on women's experience and rights, exploring the relationship between women and society, culture and men, as well as the role and role of women in literature.
Western literary schools and representative works
The representative works of Western literary schools and representatives are as follows: 1. Realist literature: The representative figures include Victor Hugo, Dickens, and Baupassant. The representative works include Notre-Dame de Paris, Miserables, War and Peace, and so on. 2. Romanticism literature: The representative figures include the masterpieces such as " Moonlight Sonata "," piano concerto "," String quartet ", etc. 3. Classicalism literature: The representative characters include shakespeare, dickens, maupassant and other representative works such as hamlet, divine comedy, war and peace, etc. 4. Analysis literature: representative figures include Calvino, Borges and other representative works such as The Wife of Villon, The Invisible City, etc. 5. Modern literature: Representative figures include Victor Hugo, Dickens, and Baupassant. Their masterpieces include "Miserables,""Notre-Dame de Paris,""War and Peace," and so on. 6. Postmodern literature: representative figures include Calvino, Margaret Atwood, and other representative works such as One Hundred Years of Solitude, Gone with the Wind, etc. 7. Female literature: Representative characters include Margaret Atwood, Jane Austen, Christina de Brock, and other representative works such as Pride and Predict, Jane Eyre, and tess of the D'Urbervilles. The works of these literary schools and representative figures were of great significance to the development and influence of Western literature.
Review a literary work with the knowledge of western literary theory
Western literary theory mainly studies the nature of human thinking and language, as well as the influence of human culture and history. When commenting on literary works, one could use the knowledge of Western literary theory to analyze the theme, structure, language, style, and so on. For example, analyzing the influence of the work on human emotions and consciousness, discussing the reflection of the work on history and culture, or analyzing the structure and language skills of the work. The knowledge of western literary theory could also help to evaluate the literary value of literary works. Western literary theory believes that the value of a literary work depends on its influence on human emotions and thoughts, as well as its artistic and aesthetic value. Therefore, when evaluating a literary work, one can analyze the theme, plot, characters, language, style, etc. of the work and compare it with other literary works to evaluate its literary value. Western literary theory is an important tool to comment on literary works. It can help readers understand the meaning and extension of the works and the influence of the works on human society and culture.
The Main Schools of Postmodern Philosophy
The main schools of postmodern philosophy include: 1. Nihilism: Believes that the real world has no meaning and value, and that humans will eventually fall into nothingness and despair. Existentialism: The belief that the meaning of human existence depends on individual choices and actions, and that individuals must be responsible for their own lives. 3. Culturalism: Believes that culture is created and constructed by human beings, and that human thoughts and behaviors are determined by cultural factors. 4. Criticize of the modern: The belief that the modern is a negative, outdated, and meaningless form of culture that must be criticized and replaced. 5. Nihilism-Modern criticism: The belief that nihilism and modern criticism are interconnected. The latter is a negative and meaningless cultural form, while the former is a criticism of the former. 6 Postmodernism: The belief that modernism is a negative and meaningless cultural form. Postmodernism is a criticism and challenge to modernism. These schools all had different philosophical views and research methods, but their common feature was that they emphasized the negative significance of nihilism and modernness, as well as the consideration and exploration of human existence and value.