basic computer knowledge

Basic computer knowledge could be summarized from the following aspects: ** 1. Computer System Constitution ** 1. ** hardware system ** - ** History ** - The first generation of computers (1946 - 1957) was in the era of vacuum tubes; the second generation of computers (1958 - 1964) was in the era of transistors; the third generation of computers (1965 - 1970) was in the era of integrated circuits; and the fourth generation of computers (after 1971) was in the era of large-scale integrated circuits. In 1946, the world's first computer, ENIAC, was born at the University of Pennsylvania. It used 17468 tubes, covered an area of 170 square meters, weighed 30 tons, consumed 174 Kilowatts of electricity, cost more than 400,000 US dollars, and could perform 5000 addition and substitution operations per second. - ** The hardware composition under the Von-Neummann architecture ** - It was composed of five parts: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device, and output device. The arithmetic unit and the controller formed the CPU (central processing unit), which was the most important part of the entire computer system. - ** Divided by Scale ** - ** Supercomputer **: It is used in cutting-edge national defense technology and modern scientific computing. The computing speed can reach more than 100 billion times per second. For example, China's "Tianhe-1" is a petascale supercomputer. - ** Large computer **: High computing speed, capable of executing tens of millions of instructions per second, large storage space, commonly used for scientific computing, data processing, or as a network server, such as the iPhone Z13 mainframe. - ** Miniature computer **: Small scale, simple structure, low operating environment requirements, used for industrial automatic control, measuring instruments, data acquisition in medical equipment, etc. - ** Microcomputer **: The CPU uses a microchip chip. It is small and light. It is widely used in business, service industry, factory automatic control, office automaton, and popular information processing. - ** Server **: A high-performance computer that provides various services to the client computer. According to the application function, it can be divided into Web servers, database servers, and other types; according to the appearance, it can be divided into tower servers, blade servers, and rack servers. 2. ** software system **: Together with the hardware system, they form a computer system. The two complement each other, but the reference materials do not describe the details such as the classification of software systems. 3. ** Computer Network **: This is the part about the wonderful world of computers, but the reference materials did not provide a detailed summary of the basic knowledge points related to computer networks. ** 2. Computer hardware related ** 1. **CPU（Central Processing Unit）** - It was composed of a controller and an arithmetic unit, and was the core component of a computer system. The server's CPU included Intel's Xeon, Itanium, and so on. Different CPU had different main frequencies (the CPU's clock frequency, in Hertz). The main frequency affected the CPU's operating frequency during computing. 2. ** Server hardware composition and classification ** - ** Tower Server **: An early server form. Its appearance is similar to that of a stand-up PC. It has a large case space, a strong expansion capability of the main board, and many slots. The internal space is reserved for the redundant expansion of the hard disk and power supply. The design takes noise reduction into consideration. It is rarely used at present. - ** Blade Server **: Multiple card server units can be inserted into a standard-height rack-type case to achieve high utilization and density. It can be managed in a central manner, with high performance, flexible expansion, and configuration on demand. It can be combined into a server cluster to share resources. - ** Rack-mounted servers **: designed according to a unified standard, used with cabinets, easy to manage, high density, and space-saving. The width is 19 inches (48.26cm), and the height is in units of U (1U = 1.75 inches = 44.45mm). There are commonly 1U, 2U, and 3U standards. Currently, most of them are sold. "A Short History of the Future: Legends of the Intelligent Era" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!

The following are some basic knowledge of computer principles: 1. ** Numbering System Conversion **: Including conversion between binaries, octals, decimals, and hex. 2. ** Code representation **: The representation of original code, complement code, complement code, and code shift. 3. ** Number representation **: The representation of fixed-point numbers and floating-point numbers, as well as the addition, multiplication, and division of fixed-point numbers and floating-point numbers. 4. ** logical operations **: And (AND), or (OR), not (NOT) and other logical operations. 5. **CPU related ** - ** Structure and Function **: The full name of CPU is Central Processing Unit, which is the core component of a computer. It was mainly composed of a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU). In terms of functions, it was composed of four parts: a register, a controller, an arithmetic unit, and a clock. - ** Work flow **: The core work process can be divided into three key stages: extraction, decoding, and execution. That is, the instructions are extracted from the main memory of the system, the actual content of the instructions is deciphered, and then the relevant parts execute the instructions. - ** Registers Type and Function **: Registers can temporarily store instructions, data, and addresses. Registers with different functions include the accumulating register.(Store data after operation and calculation), Flag register (Reflects the processor's state and the characteristics of the operation results, controls the execution of instructions), program counter (stores the address of the unit where the next instruction is located), base register (stores the starting position of the memory where the data is stored), index register (stores the relative address of the base register), general register (stores any data), instruction register (stores the instructions that are being executed, used internally by the CPU, and cannot be read or written by the programmer), stack register (the starting position of the storage stack area), etc. 6. ** Controllers and logic gates ** - ** Transcendence **: An electronic switch that can control the flow of electric current through electrical signals. There were three terminal: collector, transmitter, and base. When a small current was applied to the base, it could act as a conductor to allow the current to pass through. Otherwise, it could act as an insulation to prevent the current from flowing between the collector and the transmitter. - ** logic gate **: It is constructed from a single crystal, such as an AND gate, an OR gate, a NOT gate, an Exclusive OR gate, etc. It is the basis for building more complex circuits. Different logic gates have different input and output rules. For example, an AND gate has an output of 1 if both of its input are 1, and an OR gate has an output of 1 if one of its input is 1. 7. ** Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)**: It is a component inside the CPU that is responsible for performing arithmetic and logic operations. It can recognize and perform specific arithmetic operations through the decode. 8. ** Command identification **: The CPU uses opcode to identify and execute different types of commands. "A Short History of the Future: Legends of the Intelligent Era" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!

He recommended a few good novels. " Heaven's Path Forum " was a fantasy novel written by me. After Luochuan transmigrated, he found that the secret realms opened by the Heaven's Path Forum were very familiar. For example, the martial arts and martial arts worlds. He originally thought that it was a book similar to a cultivation chat group, but it turned out to be in the language of ten thousand worlds. It could be used to cultivate from a low-level martial arts realm to a high-level martial arts realm. It was just that the chapters were a little short. " Yearning for Life " was Hu Daodao's work. Su Bai transmigrated to become an intern director and finally became a big shot in the entertainment industry. There were many characters and the information about them was very detailed. " Dark Arts Immortal Gate " was a Xianxia novel written by Yin Wei. The little beggar relied on the jade pendant and Taisui to embark on the path of immortal cultivation. He went from the sects of the Tang Empire to the overseas of China. It had a unique style, such as the summoning of beasts and magic treasures. The moves were very powerful. " It's clearly a water shadow, but it doesn't even know how to use water escape." It was a light novel written by the Sunset Songster. It was very interesting when the main character was hunted down and ridiculed. "Douluo: Travelling through Qian Xun Ji, Megaturing Bibi Dong", composed by Elegant Ending, Qian Xun Ji traveled through Douluo Continent, bound to the system to conquer the continent, with many characters and wonderful plots. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!

I recommend the author of The Revival of Taoism, White Deer East Travel. The main character, Xuan Yuan, traveled from the Dharma Ending Land to the Ancient Dao Desolate Land, fought with the gods and Buddhas, created blessed lands and grotto-heavens, and established a heretic sect. It had a Taoist flavor, like " I Want to Return to Secularism ", but the content was Taoist. The system style, without a female protagonist, was a cultivation style. The rhythm was slow, and the atmosphere was fresh and refined. It was not like some Daoist novels that only knew how to act pretentious and slap faces. Although the introduction was average, and it wasn't easy to end the feed early, the setting was good, and the plot was reasonable. It could be read when bored. " It's clearly a water shadow, but it doesn't know how to use water to escape." It was a light novel by Sunset Songster. The main character, Aouura Ryoumiya, was the owner of the Red Eye Blood Successor Limit and was in a difficult situation in Hidden Fog Village. The story was very interesting. " Yearning for Life " was a novel written by Daodao Hu. The male protagonist, Su Bai, transmigrated to become the intern director of " Yearning for Life " and finally became a big shot in the entertainment industry. There were also many characters with different personalities. " A Magical Hogwarts " was a fanboy derived from a light novel written by Qing Ya. This HP Doujinshi was super funny. It had a lot of jokes and original settings. The main character, William Stark, was a top student in Eagle Academy. The golden finger was a time loop. The female protagonist, Hermione, had great emotional scenes. The plot was reasonable and the characters were exquisitely portrayed. It was a very good Harry Potter Doujinshi novel. " The Age of Our Rise " was Wu Maxing's urban novel. The male protagonist, Zhang Yang, was reborn and rose to the top in various fields. It was a hot-blooded story. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!

An actor's self-cultivation included basic knowledge in many aspects. First of all, actors had to be good at breaking themselves. That was to say, when creating a character, they had to abandon themselves and devote themselves to the character. They had to accurately capture the character's personality, emotions, and inner world. This required a high degree of professionalism and keen perception. Actors should also have a rich emotional reserve and keen insight in order to accurately grasp the emotional context and inner world of the character. At the same time, they should have a high degree of professionalism and professionalism, and be willing to work hard for the character and challenge the limits. Creation and imagination were also part of an actor's cultivation. An actor needed to use their imagination and creativity to inject new life and vitality into the character. On the basis of faithfully restoring the image of the script character, they would create a second creation to make the character more plump, three-dimensional, and layered. According to Stanislawski's theory, the most important thing for an actor was to experience the emotions of the character and find the " stage self-feeling " to convey the " highest task " of the play. It was necessary to combine the natural emotions of people with the external movements naturally. It was against the performance that only emphasized the external form of expression and craftsmanship. In addition, actors must have strict professional ethics and a relentless learning spirit. Not only must they have superb performance skills, but they also need to have a deep insight into human nature and society, and have aesthetic feelings and moral sentiments. In the pursuit of excellence, they must maintain the spirit of learning, pursue excellent professional strength, and persist in their love for their careers. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>