Modern architecture, urban architectureModern architecture was a broad concept. In English literature, the term " modern architecture " was often used to refer to modern architecture in a broad sense. Modern architecture involved many aspects such as function, technology, industry, economy, culture, and art. Its innovation was also in many aspects. In the first half of the 20th century, many schools and different styles of architecture appeared.
The urban architecture was the embodiment of modern architecture in the urban environment. There were many types of modern buildings in the city. For example, the Shanghai Central Building, with a total height of 632 meters, 127 floors above ground and 5 floors underground, was a landmark building in Shanghai. The Guangzhou Tower, with a total of 39 floors and a height of 600 meters, was a radio and television tower and landmark building Guangzhou City with many functions. There was also the Beijing Galaxy SOHo, which was composed of four domed buildings. It was a large-scale complex that included office buildings and shopping malls. Its shape was unique and full of curve beauty. The modern buildings in these cities not only met the needs of practical functions, but also showed unique artistic charm and cultural content. They were integrated with the urban environment and influenced each other.
What is modern architecture?Modern architecture was an architectural movement or style. It was based on innovative construction techniques, especially the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete, and adhered to the idea that form should follow function (functionality). This style emphasized minimalism, and the buildings were usually unadorned. It dominated the architectural style of the 20th century. Modern architecture first appeared in the first half of the 20th century and dominated after World War II until the 1980s when the style began to change and gradually developed into post-modern architecture. Its roots can be traced back to the works of Eugène Viollet le Duc.
Four masters of modern architectureThe four modernist architects were Ludovic Mies van der Rohe, Wright, Le Corbusier, and Gropius. Ludovic Mies van der Rohe was born in Aachen, Germany, and passed away in the United States of America. He was the principal of the Bauhaus School and one of the core founders of the school of functional design. His architectural design features were a clean and obvious skeleton appearance, flexible and changeable flow space, concise and exquisite details. He adhered to the architectural philosophy of "less is more" and proposed the concept of "flowing space". His representative works included the Germany Pavilion at the Barcelona World Exposition, the Fanterworth House, the Segram Building, and the Barcelona chair.
Representative works of modern art architectureThe following are some representative works of modern art architecture:
- The Musée d'Orsay in Paris, France, was transformed from an abandoned train station. The interior retained the original architectural structure and industrial style, providing an excellent background for the display of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist works.
- New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoBA): Its simple and modern architectural design complemented the avant-garde art works displayed, and the exhibition space was constantly innovative.
- Guggenheim Art Museum: Famous for its unique spiral-shaped architectural exterior, this design not only has a strong visual impact, but also creates a smooth flow of the exhibition. The interior is spacious and bright.
- The Tate Modern Art Museum in London, England, was transformed from a power plant. The huge turbine hall and unique exhibition space provided an excellent display space for large-scale art installation.
- The Prado Art Museum in Madrid, Spain: The architectural style is solemn and elegant, reflecting the rich collection of classical art in the museum.
- The Uffizi Art Museum in Florence, Italy: The building itself is a masterpiece of the Renaissance, and there are many masterpieces in the museum.
- The National Art Museum in London, England, has a magnificent architectural appearance and a rich art collection. The architectural style reflects the tradition and elegance of the United Kingdom.
- Queen Sofia Art Center in Spain: The building combines modern and traditional elements, and the interior space is full of vitality, providing an important platform for the display and exchange of modern art.
- The Pompidou Art Center in Paris, France, was eye-catching with its unique "high-tech" architectural style. It exposed the structure and equipment to the outside to create a unique visual effect.
- The Winter Palace Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia, was originally the palace of the Russian Tsar. The building was magnificent, the interior was gorgeous, and a large collection of precious works of art.
The Bauhaus Academy in Germany was also a representative work of modern architecture. It was designed and built by the modern German architect Gropius in 1926. The practical function of the building was the starting point of the architectural design. According to the practical requirements of each part, various physical contrast methods were used, such as size, length, reality, transparent and opaque, thickness, etc., to produce a fresh and lively beauty. It appeared simple and varied.
The five great architects of modern architectureThe so-called four great modernist architects were Ludovic Mies van der Rohe, Wright, Le Corbusier, and Gropius. There was no universal definition of the five great architects of modern architecture. If one wanted to add a more influential architect in the field of modern architecture, it could be Oscar Niemeyer. He was one of the earliest " global " architects. His architecture was very recognizable. He showed excellent design continuity in color, bold geometric shapes, and luxurious simplicity. He was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 1988.
A brief introduction to the characteristics of modern architectureModern architecture had the following characteristics:
1. ** Materials and technological innovation **: The foundation is innovative construction technology, especially the widespread use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete.
2. ** Function oriented **: Uphold the idea that form should follow function (functionality). With the analysis and functional methods of architectural design as guidance, designers were required to first consider the function of the building for the user, then consider the appearance. Even the "rule" of "form follows function" became the design leader.
3. ** minimalism and no decoration **: emphasize minimalism. The building does not have too much decoration, such as usually defined by flat roof, open floor plan, curtain windows, and minimal decoration. The overall shape is simple and pure. The entire facade is simple and neat.
4. ** Esthetics related to social and political philosophy **: Its aesthetic appearance is closely related to a series of social and political philosophy, and architecture can be a way to solve social injustice.
5. ** Appearance **
- ** Color **: The use of color is steady and generous; the color contrast is strong and focuses on the contrast between reality and reality. Bright and light architectural colors are often used.
- ** Exterior Facade **: The exterior facade is strong and clean. The method of weakening the corners and breaking the space of the hexagon is often used to highlight the surrounding elements (points, lines, and surfaces). The cool and fashionable feeling of the building is emphasized. It is simple and smooth. It may be featured by waves, corridor type hanging boards, decorative lines, belts, blocks, and other abnormal roofs. The three-dimensional layering is strong. There are floating windowsills, external hanging balconies, or built-in balconies. Color blocks are used reasonably.
6. ** Spatial layout and practicality **: While pursuing fashion and trends, it pays great attention to the perfect combination of the layout of the room space and the use of functions. Simple and practical architectural design makes complicated life simple.
7. ** Trendy Style Attribute **: Modern minimalist building facades are the most widely used in the real estate industry. Their taste and fashionable architectural forms are popular among most consumers.
Can you give a few examples of the application of Siheyuan architecture in modern architecture?Siheyuan buildings are still widely used in modern architecture. Here are some examples:
The Forbidden City: The Forbidden City was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China and one of the largest ancient palace buildings in the world. The layout of the Siheyuan could still be reflected in modern architecture. For example, in the courtyard of the Forbidden City, there were some modern garden buildings such as the Summer Palace and the Yuanmingyuan.
2. Tian 'an Men Square: Tian' an Men Square is one of the most famous city squares in China and one of the largest city squares in the world. Its courtyard layout was still widely used in modern architecture. For example, there were some modern buildings on both sides of the square, such as the Monument to the People's Heroes and the National Museum.
Summer Palace: Summer Palace is a famous imperial garden in China and one of the largest imperial gardens in the world. The layout of the Siheyuan could still be reflected in modern buildings. For example, there were some modern buildings near Longevity Mountain in Summer Palace, such as Foxiang Pavilion and Yulantang.
Bird's Nest: The Bird's Nest is a famous stadium in China and one of the largest indoor stadiums in the world. The layout of the Siheyuan could still be reflected in modern buildings. For example, there were some modern buildings in the north of the Bird's Nest, such as the Water Cube and the National Stadium.
These examples show that the courtyard house still has a unique charm in modern architecture and can be combined with the style and function of modern architecture to create new architectural forms.
Do you recommend books related to redesigning systems, such as data organization and system architecture?😋I recommend you to read Prison Break, which is a novel about urban supernatural powers. After the male protagonist Zhou Yi was framed and imprisoned, he found himself in a world with only numbers and became a slave. In this world, he needed to pursue his innocence, escape, and take revenge. This novel is similar to "The Text of Regenerating the System". It also has the elements of the system and also some descriptions of special abilities. I think you might like it. I hope you like this fairy's recommendation. Muah ~😗
What was the masterpiece of modern architecture in the 20th century?The work known as the pioneer of modern architecture in the 20th century was the National Museum of America in Washington, D.C., also known as the Hermitage Museum. The building was designed by the American architect Paul Gettys from 1962 to 1965. It is a museum with more than 200 exhibition spaces and is one of the most important museum in the United States. The unique geometry of the building and the use of glass materials made it a classic in the modern architectural world.