charts of theA nautical map was a type of ocean map, a guide for safe navigation at sea. The earliest ocean map in the world was the portland-type chart from the 14th to the 17th century, which was specially used for navigation. The map was covered with radiating bearing lines. With these bearing lines and compasses, navigators could determine the direction of the ship on the ocean at any time. The map also detailed the coastline, bay, islands, cape, shoals, coastal mountains, and features that helped navigation.
The current nautical chart was much more complicated than the portland nautical chart. In addition to the clear sailing routes, there were also many other marine and aquatic elements.(For example, water depth, tides, ocean currents, whirlpools, icebergs, and frozen boundaries), seabed topography (for example, underwater mountains, reefs, trenches, etc.), coastal landforms, obstacles to navigation (for example, reefs, shoals, dangerous areas, shipwrecks, fishing equipment, and minefields), navigation aids (for example, lighthouses, lampposts, and beacons), as well as ports, straits, islands, wind direction, and orientation, were all indicated on the map with appropriate legends. There were many types of nautical charts, such as general nautical charts, ocean nautical charts, coastal nautical charts, coastal charts, bay charts, and so on.
With the development of nautical activities, nautical maps were constantly developed and perfected. For example, in the era of great navigation, with the opening of new sea routes, more geographical information was marked on the world map. In the Candino Plane Sphere Map made by Portugal in 1502, the Portuguese had clearly explored the African coast. The outline of the African coast was almost the same as reality, but the East Asian region on the map was very distorted, and the American region only had a few corners in the easternmost part. In 1507, the world map drawn by the German draftsman Martin Waldzemüller had the concept of the Western Hemispheres and the Eastern Hemispheres, and it was larger and more accurate. It was also the first time to use "America" to mark the New World. In the Atlantic Ocean nautical map drawn by Pireres of Turkey in 1513, the outline of the east coast of South America was clear and accurate, but the coastline of North America was distorted.
China had also made some progress in nautical charts. In late June 2024, with the publication of another batch of paper and electronic nautical charts of foreign sea areas by the Chinese Navy Press, the nautical charts compiled by China had covered the world's major sea areas. This marked the end of the history of Chinese military and civilian ships relying on foreign nautical charts for navigation in some foreign sea areas.
Yuan Dans Cultivation, Wen Shuangqiang,I recommend Return to the Immortal World. The author sends thoughts in a quiet night. This was an urban supernatural novel. The protagonist was originally a big shot in the immortal world. After his soul was scattered, a wisp of his soul returned to his original body on Earth. Ten thousand years in the Immortal World, only one year had passed on Earth. Although the main character looked weak, developed slowly, and was not decisive in his relationships, he had the knowledge and mental cultivation methods of the immortal world. He was definitely not ordinary. This book was rated as a four-star. Some people felt that the idea was wonderful but the content was not exciting enough. The early stages were good, and the later stages were slow. There were also many typos and the emotional scenes were pale. However, it was still a good book for the famine. It was a typical urban immortal cultivation novel with elements such as posturing and slapping faces. Friends who liked this kind of novel could read it. In addition, the protagonist in the book was betrayed by a trusted friend. After returning to Earth, he accumulated strength and prepared to fight his way back to the immortal world. It was also very interesting. In short, there were good and bad things about this book, but it was worth reading.
" I Work for Ghost Spirits in the World of Cultivators " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
What is the 'Chanson Macao Secret Story' about?Since I don't have much information about 'Chanson Macao Secret Story', it could be a fictional narrative that combines the charm of Macao, like its unique culture, architecture, and people, with the concept of a chanson. It could be about a love story, an adventure, or a mystery that unfolds against the backdrop of Macao and is somehow related to a song or music. For example, it might be about a singer who discovers a long - lost song in Macao that holds the key to a family secret or a historical mystery.
Fran machine gunThere were many types of Fran machine guns, and the following was the relevant introduction:
** 1. Vanguard Machine Gun **
1. ** Construction features **
- The Vanguard machine gun was designed to mimic the shape of the Fran cannon. The mother mill is 1 foot 6 inches long, and the distance from the bottom to the fire door is 1 inch 6 minutes; The son iron is 1 foot 7 inches long, from the bottom to the fire door. It was equipped with nine iron seeds, each containing about 3 copper coins of lead.
2. ** Operation Method **
- Usually, three soldiers were needed to operate together. One soldier held an iron rod with an iron ring as a gun rack, one soldier was responsible for aiming and firing, and the other soldier was responsible for loading ammunition. When shooting, the iron was put into the barrel one by one, and reloaded after each shot to achieve continuous firing. Its effective range could reach more than 200 steps.
** 2. Introduction of Ming Dynasty and related situations **
1. ** Introduction Status **
- Between 1520 and 1620, the Franc machine was introduced into China. The Ming Dynasty also obtained the "Franc Machine" firearm through seizing pirate ships and other methods. The weapons experts of the Divine Arms Battalion improved it and created the Franc Machine Gun (also known as the Divine Machine Cannon). This was a large-caliber musket (cannon) that required three people to operate at the same time. The Ming Dynasty produced a total of 30,000 to 40,000 Franc Machine guns of various types.
2. ** The situation in the game (Take Fighting Intent as an example)**
- The flintlock used by the Flaming Gunner in the game "Battle Intent" had a better range, accuracy, and damage than other flintlocks of the same era. In combat, they could use the advantage of shooting range to advance and focus fire on a single target with accuracy. They wore chain armor and rapier, which reduced their mobility but increased their defensive ability. When necessary, they could engage in close combat. In battle, you must pay attention to maintaining a distance. When advancing, you can have the sword-shield soldiers in front and the musketeers in the middle and rear.
Click on the link below to read the Musket Fire comic.