Midoriya's friends like Uraraka and Iida would be extremely worried. They would immediately start looking for him. Uraraka might use her quirk to search in the air, while Iida would lead the ground search with his speed. Bakugo, on the other hand, would be furious. He would probably go on a solo mission to find Deku and take on Todoroki without hesitation.
Inosuke doesn't become a Hashira in the manga. The story progresses with him having other significant experiences and achievements instead of achieving that specific position.
It's hard to give an exact number. Different story arcs and battles led to the deaths of multiple hashira. Some died heroically, while others met their fate in unexpected ways. The count changes as the manga progresses.
Definitely not. Genya remains outside the ranks of Hashira throughout the manga. This is because of a combination of factors such as his skills, experiences, and the overall direction of the story.