I'm not sure. It depends on where the story originated and who wrote it. Sometimes stories labeled as such can be based on real events, but with some fictional elements added.
Naoto is often depicted as highly intelligent in light novels. Her detective skills are a prominent characteristic, allowing her to solve complex mysteries. For instance, she can quickly analyze crime scenes and pick up on details others miss.
Well, 'Papa Hemingway in Cuba' isn't a true story. It's more of a creative interpretation or imaginative take on certain themes or ideas related to Hemingway's experiences in Cuba.
Friendship is a key element. Akira and Shirogane often rely on each other, showing strong loyalty. For example, in many fanfics, when one is in danger, the other will go to great lengths to save them.
Love and acceptance are common themes. These stories often revolve around the characters finding and accepting love, both from others and for themselves.