What is the reaction of the aluminum thermal reaction? Is it an exhalation reaction?Aluminiothermic reaction was a kind of oxide-reduction reaction between aluminum and metal or non-metal compounds at high temperatures. Aluminiothermic reaction was an exhaling reaction, and its heat release was very large, usually enough to heat the product above the melting point, and the reaction could generally occur locally and be self-sustaining. This characteristic also reflected the energy-saving characteristics of the reaction.
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Which one is the heat absorbing reaction, the oxidization reaction or the reduction reaction?Oxidation and reduction reactions occurred simultaneously in a single oxido-reduction reaction. It could not simply be said that either of the reactions was heat absorbing. Oxidation-reduction reactions could be both heat absorbing and heat releasing. For example, the combustion reaction was an oxido-reduction reaction and was an exhalation reaction, while the formation of water gas was an absorption reaction.
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Distinguishing Fever Reaction and Hemolytic ReactionFever usually occurred within 1 - 2 hours after blood transfusion. It was often accompanied by chills or chills, followed by high fever. The body temperature could reach 39 - 40 ° C, accompanied by skin flushing and headache. Most of the blood pressure did not change. The symptoms lasted for less than 10 minutes and relieved after 1 - 2 hours. Some patients might be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. Most hemolytic reactions were caused by the transfusion of abnormal blood. The typical symptoms were shock, chills, high fever, difficulty breathing, back pain, precordium pressure, headache, hemoglobinuria, abnormal bleeding, and so on, which could lead to death. The only early signs of surgery patients under anesthesia were wound bleeding and low blood pressure. Compared to hemolytic reactions, fever reactions during blood transfusion were usually milder, but hemolytic reactions were more serious and even life-threatening. In addition, from the mechanism of the fever reaction, it was different from the hemolyzed reaction. The hemolyzed reaction was an acute immune transfusion reaction caused by the reaction of the transfused red blood cells (a few of which were the red blood cells of the recipient) with the corresponding red blood cell allo-antigen-like body of the recipient. In terms of treatment, there were also differences between the two. Blood transfusion should be stopped immediately for fevers, and heat preservation should be given when shivering, and fever should be treated with antipyretic treatment. For hemolytics, more complicated and urgent treatment measures should be carried out according to the specific situation, such as dealing with possible serious consequences such as shock and acute kidney failure.
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The Determination of Reaction Rate and Reaction ConstantThe chemical reaction rate represented the speed of the chemical reaction, which was the rate of change of the reaction progress with time or the reaction progress of the chemical reaction in unit time and unit volume. The average reaction rate was the decrease of the concentration of the reagent or the increase of the concentration of the product in unit time. The instantaneous reaction rate was the limit of the average reaction rate that approached zero. The reaction rate constant represented the chemical reaction rate at a unit concentration. It was independent of the concentration, but it was affected by factors such as temperature, catalyst, and solid surface properties. Usually, the larger the reaction rate constant, the faster the reaction would proceed.
There were two common methods to measure chemical reaction rates: chemical and physical methods. The chemical method used chemical analysis to directly measure the change in the concentration of the reagent or product over time to obtain the chemical reaction speed. However, the chemical analysis speed might not be able to keep up with the reaction speed and affect the measurement results. However, it could provide an absolute concentration value. The physical method was more extensive and convenient. It was to determine the reaction speed based on some physical properties that changed with the reaction, such as the pressure method, the distension meter method, or the volume method; the optical rotatory method, the interference method, the chromicity method, and the spectrophotosity method; and the electrical property method, such as the conductivity method, the potential method, the polarography method, the dielectrical constant method, and the mass spectrum method.
As for the determination of the reaction constant, for example, in the experiment of determining the rate constant of the fading reaction by the method of the catalyst, based on the principle of the catalyst kinetic method, the reaction system of the fading reaction of the Evans Blue by the reaction of the potassium bromate under the action of the NaNO3 was proposed. The corresponding chemical reaction rate constant was calculated by measuring the change of the absorption of the reaction system at different initial concentration and temperature. In terms of specific operations, the stock solution of the relevant reagents was first prepared, and then the reagents were added into the color-measuring tube according to a certain order and dosage. The timing and volume were started, and then the absorption curve was measured. The reaction constant was determined by preparing reaction solutions of different compositions, adding the solution after reacting for a period of time to stop the reaction, and taking a sample to measure the absorption curve. Finally, the concentration of other components was maintained at a constant temperature, and the change of the light absorption with time when different amounts of the solution of bromate or the solution of NaNO3 were measured, as well as the change of the light absorption with time when the specific amount of the solution of NaNO3 was measured at different temperatures.
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The audience's reaction in the last episode of Ghost BladeRegarding the final episode of Ghost Blade, the audience's reactions were divided. Some of the audience felt that the last episode had reached a new height. For example, in the last episode of season four, the budget was skyrocketing. The storyboard, rhythm, music, fighting, and so on were all done in one go. The gorgeous architectural structure of the scene was amazing, making the old fans feel the same surprise and excitement as in the first season. However, there were also some viewers who expressed dissatisfaction. Some viewers felt that more than half of the time in the last chapter was given to the villain boss, and after the male lead appeared, he comforted people and started flirting with girls. In the end, he did not meet the villain. He even thought about whether things were threatening when he boarded the train, and there were situations where he delayed the time. Yan Zhu, who was sent to do the mission, might only have a minute of footage in the last episode, which was quite different from the plot that the audience was looking forward to. Judging from the voting results, only about 57% of the audience were satisfied with the ending. They felt that it was acceptable for reincarnation and descendants to end the game. However, there were also many audience members who felt that there were problems such as the foreshadowing, the forced assembly of the CP, the sudden good ending during the final battle, and the Millennium Boss being written as a tool.
The most suitable reaction temperature for a reverse-heat reactionIn the case of a revertible thermal reaction, the chemical reaction constant was a positive function of temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster the reaction speed. However, increasing the temperature in a revertible thermal reaction had a contradictory effect. On the one hand, as the positive reaction proceeded, the system would release heat and the temperature would increase, and the reaction would speed up. On the other hand, the reverse reaction would also speed up as the temperature increased, which would weaken the positive reaction. Therefore, there was an optimal temperature at which the reaction rate was the greatest. This temperature was called the optimal temperature.
In the case of the industrial synthesis of hydrogen, which was an example of a reversibility, from the perspective of increasing the reaction rate and increasing the content of hydrogen, the actual industrial production used a temperature of 400 - 500 ° C, and the iron catalyst was the most active at around 500 ° C. In addition, in order to make the overall reaction speed and conversion rate of the irreversible exothermic chemical reaction process fast, a temperature segment control scheme can be used to make it change according to the optimal conversion rate temperature curve trajectory.
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Pregnant reactionPregnant women's reactions referred to the appearance of a series of uncomfortable symptoms due to changes in hormone levels and mental imbalance in the early stages of pregnancy. These symptoms included dizziness, fatigue, loss of appetite, sensitivity to greasy food, nausea, vomiting, and so on. The degree of response of pregnant women varied from person to person. Some pregnant women had a strong reaction, while others had almost no reaction. Early pregnancy reactions usually begin to appear 6-8 weeks after pregnancy. In most cases, they will disappear naturally around 12 weeks of pregnancy. Pregnant women could alleviate their reactions by maintaining a happy mood, eating a light diet, and exercising appropriately.
Alkaline reactionThe following is the reaction of some alklene under basic conditions:
- In the nuclopathic epoxidation reaction, the electron deficient alkene could be epoxidized by hydrogen dioxide and tert-butoxyalcohol under basic conditions. Since the reaction was a nuclophile reaction, the epoxiidation could not proceed without an electron withdrawing group.
- In the Julia-corona Asymmetrical Epoxidation Reaction, under the catalyst of the chiral-polyalpha-ammo acid, the electron deficient alkene was oxided by an oxidiser (hydrogen or ureido) under basic conditions to obtain a single configuration epoxide.
- In the Payne Rearrangement Reaction, 2,3 -epoxy alcohol compounds are converted to 1,2 -epoxy- 3 -ol under basic conditions. This reaction is also known as the epoxy migration reaction.
- In the laboratory, the reaction of the lithium salt and the lithium ether could be carried out under basic conditions. The lithium ether had an important catalyst activity in the reaction of alkene and the carbonylating reaction.
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