Some of the more powerful and vengeful spirits in Tartarus could be the main antagonists. These spirits could possess demigods or mortals close to Percy to get to him. They might be angry that he escaped their domain and want to drag him back. Additionally, there could be a group of rogue demigods who believe that Percy has been corrupted by Tartarus and they see it as their duty to stop him, even if it means becoming his enemies.
One possible plotline could be Percy having nightmares about his time in Tartarus. He might struggle with PTSD, which could affect his relationships with his friends and family at Camp Half - Blood. Another could be that he brings back some sort of dark power or knowledge from Tartarus that he has to figure out how to control or use for good. Maybe he discovers a way to close the entrance to Tartarus permanently so that no more monsters can come out and endanger the demigod world.
Perhaps he could make an alliance with some of the less hostile creatures in Tartarus. There might be beings who are also tired of the chaos and want to help Percy in exchange for something, like a promise to free them from Tartarus if he ever gets the chance. Percy is known for his charisma and ability to make friends, even in the most unlikely situations.
Well, it could involve Percy coming back with new powers. Maybe he's more in tune with the underworld's magic. He might have made some sort of deal in Tartarus and now has to deal with the consequences in the mortal world.
His friends like Annabeth or Grover could be the ones to rescue him. They might discover a way into Tartarus and brave all the dangers to get to Percy.
Nyx could be a great main antagonist. She's a primordial goddess of the night and Tartarus is her domain in a way. She might see Percy and his friends as intruders and try to stop them from leaving or achieving their goals. She could use her power over darkness and the unknown to create all sorts of obstacles for them.
Obviously Percy himself. Annabeth would likely be there as she has a close relationship with Percy. Grover might also show up, being Percy's long - time friend. And some of the other demigods from Camp Half - Blood, like Jason or Piper, could be in the story too.
On the other hand, his experience in Tartarus could also make him more empathetic. He has endured so much pain that he might be more in tune with the suffering of others. He could be more likely to reach out to those who are in difficult situations, knowing what it's like to be in a seemingly hopeless place like Tartarus.
He could find some minor gods or goddesses who have been banished to Tartarus. They might see Percy as a way to get revenge on the Olympians or simply a means to escape. Another potential ally could be some of the more intelligent monsters, like a centaur who has been there for a long time and has knowledge of the place.