Waste Water TreatmentI recommend a few novels to you. 'My Fish Pond Became the Pollution Outfall of the Immortal World' was super interesting. The author was super light. In order to save the cost of immortal energy, the immortal world had to waste water. Zhu Renming's fish pond had become the sewage outlet of the immortal world on Earth. Chang'e's bathwater, Kitchen God's kitchen sewage, and so on were all discharged into it. Some people had read nearly 300 chapters and saved them to fatten themselves up.
The author of " Dark New Era " loved spicy food. This was a fantasy novel. It was about a soul who had transmigrated to the dark world of the Shelter and wanted to change his fate to save a kind person. There was also detailed information about the character. The overall evaluation was that it was a dark work that could be seen.
The Future Mother System of the Apocalypse, written by Yue Ziyi. The water flow meter was scammed by the Holy Mother System. After the apocalypse, it was still scammed into a five-year-old loli and thrown into a garbage city. However, the female protagonist was a genius, but she was a little scammed.
" Curse of the Water Corpse Tomb " was a modern romance novel written by Ming Mo. The absurd sacrifice in the water-deficient villa, the unwillingness of the dead bride to remain silent, and the story after the curse broke out was very mysterious.
'King: From the Tauren's Cultivation,' I wrote it as a university student. In the fantasy world, there were many races and armies. The main characters were decisive and intelligent, but there were also shortcomings such as lack of writing. However, it was still worth watching.
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Fuzhou Meiyuan Meiyi Water TreatmentThe Meiyuan International Hotel, Meiyi Hot Spring, was located on the 5th floor of the Meiyuan International Hotel, No. 339 Yuanyang Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. In terms of public transportation, there were many bus stops nearby, including Guangming Port Meiyuan Hotel, Gushan Pu Dong, Tianyu City, Water Park North Gate, etc. You could transfer to Fuzhou Changle Airport Airport Express Line (Apollo Line), Fuzhou subway connection line No. 22, Fuzhou subway connection line No. 18, Fuzhou Changle Airport Airport Express Line (Guangming Port Meiyuan Hotel Line) and many other bus lines. Ctrip provides relevant hotel reservation services, including a variety of accommodation options. It is convenient to view real-time prices, room details, and customer reviews of various accommodations, as well as one-click online booking.
Reaction tank for waste water treatmentThere are many types of reaction tanks used in waste water treatment. The following are some common ones:
1. * * Anerobic reactor (such as UASB reactor, anerobic tank)**
- * * UASB reactor **: Commonly used in the treatment of microorganisms, it is a device that uses the decomposition of organic matter by the use of microorganisms. For example, in a chemical waste water treatment system, a "UASB reactor + multi-stage contact oxidization tank" was used for biological treatment. The concentration of the incoming water was more than 8000 milligrams per liter, and the concentration of the discharged water was stably lower than 300 milligrams per liter. It had a very high removal rate of COD. Moreover, the operation was simple, stable, and the treatment cost was low.
- [** Anerobic Tank (Model ic)**: This is a high-efficiency multi-stage internal circulation anerobic reaction tank.] It has the characteristics of small area, high organic load, stronger impact resistance, more stable performance, and simpler operation and management. It is suitable for the treatment of organic high-concentration waste water, such as corn starch waste water, lemon acid waste water, beer waste water, potato processing waste water, alcohol waste water, etc. The water loading rate of the UASB reactor was much higher than that of the ordinary UASB reactor, and it was generally about three times higher. When it was used to treat high-concentration organic waste water with a chemical oxygen demand of 10000 - 15000 g/1, the volume loading rate could reach 15 - 30 kg-COD3. Because it has achieved its own internal circulation (The circulation volume can reach 10 - 20 times of the incoming water), reducing the concentration of organic matter at the bottom of the reaction tank and improving the impact load resistance. The large amount of water also makes the sludge at the bottom expand, ensuring the full contact reaction between the organic matter and microorganisms in the waste water and increasing the treatment load. It is equivalent to the serial operation of the upper and lower UASB reaction tanks. The lower reaction tank plays the role of "rough" treatment, and the upper reaction tank plays the role of "fine" treatment, so that the water quality is good and stable.
2. * * Chromium-breaking reaction tank **: In the plating waste water treatment process, the chromium-plating waste water is added with acid and Na2SiO2 to reduce the chromium-breaking reaction tank. Under acidic conditions, the oxido-reduction reaction between the hexa-valent chromate and the reducing agent occurs, and the hexa-valent chromate is reduced to tri-valent chromate, which then enters the neutralizing reaction tank.
3. * * Neutralization reaction tank **: A reaction tank used to neutralize the reaction water, nickel-plated and copper waste water, and add alkali-based solutions in the plating waste water treatment process. Trivalent Chromium-Copper Ion and Ni-Metal Ion would produce fine particles of Metal Hydride under the Alkaline Condition, which would form clusters under the action of the flocculating agent to accelerate the settling and reduce the settling time.
4. * * Electrolyser **: In the secondary treatment process of the plating waste water treatment process, it is mainly used for the waste water after the coagulated settling treatment to be subjected to the electrolyser. Iron filings were used as the positive pole, carbon particles were used as the negative pole, and waste water was used as the solution to form a tiny primitive battery. Under the conditions of acidic medium and oxygen, an electrochemistry reaction occurs, producing new ecological hydrogen and iron. The new ecological hydrogen and iron could react with the oxido-reduction reaction of hexa-valent chromate and complex in water to produce iron trioxides, which had a high flocculating effect and could absorb and disperse tiny particles and organic molecules. After the electrolysation, the waste water was further coagulated and settled before entering advanced treatment.
5. * * Comprehensive filter device (can be seen as a form of reaction tank)**: It is used in the tertiary treatment of the plating waste water treatment process. Its main components include quarts sand, activated carbon, silica gel, etc. It can completely filter out the floccule precipitations and precipitations in the solution to achieve a higher filtering effect.
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Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Equipment Has Less Water ConcentrationThe low concentration of water in reverse infiltration water treatment equipment may be caused by the following reasons:
1. ** Recovery rate is too high **: When the Reverse Osmosis equipment runs at a recovery rate of more than 75%, the amount of concentrated water will decrease, and the concentration ratio of the water in the membrane module will increase, resulting in a serious decline in the quality of the feed water. Due to the increase in the permeate pressure of the feed water, it would also lead to a decrease in the amount of permeate. In severe cases, salt scale would be deposited on the membrane surface.
2. ** Membrane component problem **:
- ** Sealing of membrane components **: If the operation greatly exceeds the reference pressure, the membrane components will be compressed, which may affect the amount of concentrated water.
- ** Membrane component pollution **: The pore size of the membrane component is very small, which can filter out the tiny particles in the water. As time goes by, these particles will gradually accumulate on the membrane component, resulting in a decrease in the water flux of the membrane component, which may result in a decrease in concentrated water.
3. ** Equipment operating pressure and temperature problems **:
- ** Low-pressure operation **: If the equipment does not operate according to the designed reference pressure, the amount of concentrated water may be affected.
- ** Lowering of operating temperature **: If it does not operate according to the design temperature (e.g. 25 ° C), it may also cause the amount of concentrated water to decrease.
4. ** Water Quality Problem **: Changes in the quality of raw water or insufficient treatment capacity of equipment lead to deterioration of water quality, which may affect the concentration of water.
5. ** Blocked pipes **: When the water treatment equipment is used for a period of time, dirt and deposits gradually accumulate in the pipes, resulting in a decrease in water flux, which may also affect the amount of concentrated water.
In response to these situations, the following solutions could be taken:
1. ** Run according to design parameters **: Run the equipment according to the designed recovery rate, pressure, and temperature. If the membrane module is compressed, the membrane module must be replaced.
2. ** Cleaning the membrane component **: If it is caused by membrane component contamination, the most common method is to perform chemical cleaning. According to the characteristics of the water, acid or base is used to clean the membrane component to remove some micro particles from the membrane component. It is also possible to perform low-pressure rinsing every day to remove metal oxides and dirt.
3. ** Check the water quality **: thoroughly check the system configuration, including the structure and configuration of the water purification equipment, as well as the management and operation problems in the water utilization process. According to the test results, install additional pre-treatment equipment such as reverse infiltration pre-treatment equipment to improve the water quality.
4. ** Cleaning the pipeline **: For the problem of pipeline blockage, you can use mechanical cleaning, chemical cleaning, or even take out the pipeline for cleaning.
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Training content related to the reproduction of microorganisms in water and water quality treatmentThe following is the training content related to the reproduction of microorganisms in water and water quality treatment:
* * I. Requirements for the reproduction of microorganisms **
1. * * Nutrient Source **
- The reproduction of microorganisms required sufficient nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. These nutrients were the basis for microorganisms to construct their own cell materials and carry out their metabolism activities. For example, organic matter such as vitamins and protein in sewage could provide nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen sources for microorganisms.
2. * * oxygen content **
- Aerobic microorganisms required sufficient dissolved oxygen. Generally speaking, dissolved oxygen should be maintained at 3 milligrams per liter, and the minimum should not be lower than 2 milligrams per liter. Moreover, shaking cultivation was usually required to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen.
- Anerobic microorganisms needed to grow in an anerobic environment, and the dissolved oxygen was required to be below 0.2 milligrams per liter.
- The oxygen requirement of faculty-type microorganisms was between the two. They could survive in an environment with dissolved oxygen ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 milligrams per liter and could be cultivated in a stationary manner.
3. * * pH-value **
- Most microorganisms adapt to a range of 4.5 - 9, but different microorganisms have differences. In the case of an aquatic biological treatment, the appropriate ph can be changed between 6.5 - 8.5, and in the case of an aquatic biological treatment, the ph should be between 6.7 - 7.4. For some microorganisms, it was more suitable to control the range of the ph between 7.0 and 9.2. If the pH-value deviated from the appropriate range, it would affect the life activities of microorganisms. For example, when the pH-value was lower than 6.5, fungi might begin to compete with bacteria. When the pH-value reached 4.5, fungi would have a complete advantage in the biochemical pool, which would seriously affect the settling results of the sludge. When the pH-value exceeded 9, the metabolism speed of microorganisms would be hindered.
4. * * Atmospheric temperature **
- In the biological treatment of waste water, the most suitable temperature range for microorganisms is generally 16 - 30 ° C, and the highest temperature is 37 - 43 ° C. When the temperature is lower than 10 ° C, the microorganisms will no longer grow. Within the appropriate temperature range, the metabolism rate of microorganisms would increase correspondingly for every 10 ° C increase in temperature, and the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD-based oxygen demand) would also increase by about 10%. On the contrary, the removal rate of COD-based oxygen demand would decrease by 10% for every 10 ° C decrease in temperature. For some microorganisms, controlling the temperature to 30 - 40 ° C was more conducive to reproduction.
5. * * Light (Part of Microorganisms)**
- Microorganisms such as green algae needed to photosynthesize, and light was a necessary condition for their reproduction.
* * II. The role of microorganisms in water treatment and related principles **
1. * * The advantages and role of microorganisms in sewage treatment **
- Microorganisms mainly existed as the decomposing agents in the biosphere, and their greatest value lay in their decomposing function. There were many microorganisms that could degrade polluting substances in natural water and soil. This was also the reason why water and soil had a certain self-purification ability. In sewage treatment, an ecosystem suitable for the growth of microorganisms was artificially created. Energy transfer and material circulation were achieved through the synergy between microorganisms. Microorganisms have the advantages of strong reproductive ability, small shape, large surface area, fast and strong metabolism, wide variety of metabolism products (containing more types and quantities of degrading membranes), large population and wide distribution, strong environmental adaptability (easy to mutate after being affected by environmental factors, able to form a rapid and effective material exchange with the surrounding environment), etc. These advantages make it effective in degrading the pollution in the water.
2. * * Methods and Principles of Microbiological Waste Water Treatment **
- * * Aerobic microorganisms treatment method **: Aerobic microorganisms have strong decomposition and reproduction characteristics, which can quickly break down the complex molecular substances in the water into relatively simple small molecular substances, thus changing the water quality. Under the presence of oxygen, the autotrophs of the nitrating bacteria would vaporize the nitrogen nitrogen (NH-N) to the nitrogen nitrogen of the nitrates (NO-N). This process required the participation of oxygen and had certain requirements for environmental conditions (such as ph, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, etc.).
- [** Biochemical Treatment Method **: This treatment method is mainly used in high-concentration organic waste water and underwater sludge.] In an airtight environment, the bacteria would break down the organic matter in the waste water into carbon dioxide, methane, and other substances. Under the anoxic-deficient or anoxide-deficient conditions, the detoxifying bacteria used organic matter as an electron donor to reduce the nitrogen of nitrates and nitrates into nitrogen (N <2>), thereby achieving the removal of nitrogen.
- * * Microbiological facultive treatment method **: When both good and bad oxygen coexist in the same treatment process, it is facultive treatment. It was found that sometimes the co-existence of both oxygen and oxygen could make the treatment effect better.
3. * * The application of microorganisms in water treatment **
- At present, the market mainly combined a variety of microorganisms with different degrading functions with active biological membranes and nutrient salt, and after industrial production and expansion, they produced live bacteria preparations, namely, microorganisms. Microbiological agents had the advantages of strong uniqueness, high survival rate, fast adaptation to the environment, no secondary pollution, and low cost. They were now widely used in agriculture, petrification, printing and dyeing, food processing, medicine, and environmental protection, especially in water pollution control, soil restoration, and solid waste recycling.
4. * * Microorganisms in the Electro-Biochemical Waste Water Nourishment and Denitration Biochemical System Treatment Technology (example of new technology)**
- In the biochemical sewage treatment technology of the biochemical system, by applying a weak electric current, it could stimulate the metabolism activity of microorganisms and improve the decomposition efficiency of microorganisms. The effect of the electric field helped to promote the transfer and spread of substances, making it easier for microorganisms to obtain nutrients, and at the same time, it was also conducive to the discharge of metabolism products. The electric field conditions could selectively promote the growth and reproduction of certain microorganisms with specific functions, optimized the structure of the microorganisms, improved the treatment effect, and helped the transfer of electrons between microorganisms and between microorganisms and microorganisms, accelerating biochemical reactions.
* * III. Relationship between microorganisms and water quality indicators **
1. * * Biochemical oxygen demand (Biochemical oxygen demand)**
- The organic matter in the sewage consumed oxygen in both the chemical and biological processes. The more organic matter in the sewage, the more oxygen was consumed. The amount of oxygen consumed by the chemical agent for the sewage was called the chemical oxygen demand, and the amount of oxygen consumed by the microorganisms in the sewage was called the biochemical oxygen demand. The difference between the two could indicate the organic matter in the sewage that could not be biodegraded. In the sewage treatment process, because there were many detection instruments for the determination of oxygen demand and oxygen demand, the detection method was simple, and the test results could be obtained in a short period of time, so they were widely used in water quality detection and analysis. They became an important indicator for water quality monitoring and an important basis for environmental monitoring of water bodies.
2. * * Microorganism and Water Treatment Effect Assessment **
- For example, in the water treatment process of the open circulating water system, the purpose of water treatment was to always control the microorganisms within a certain range (the total number of bacteria was less than 105 CPU/ml). Through the control and detection of the number of microorganisms, the effect of water treatment could be evaluated. If the number of microorganisms exceeded this range, it might cause algae and microorganisms to grow and spread, flow into the terminal equipment, block the equipment, and affect the heat exchange effect. If it was serious, it would cause the heat exchange to be delayed, causing the equipment to be shut down and the risk of stopping production.
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Final Report on the Treatment of Municipal Waste WaterBased on the provided search results, there are several documents that discuss the summary reports on the treatment of domestic sewage in rural areas. However, the specific details and content of these reports are not available in the search results. Therefore, without access to the actual content of these reports, it is not possible to provide an accurate and concise answer to the question regarding the summary reports on the treatment of domestic sewage in rural areas.
Reverse Osmosis Desalting Water Treatment EquipmentThere are many factors to consider when choosing a good reverse infiltration water treatment equipment. The following is an introduction:
###1. From a technical point of view
1. ** Membrane component **
- ** imported reverse infiltration membrane **: Some equipment uses imported reverse infiltration membrane, which has certain advantages. This type of membrane usually has the characteristics of stable operation, low operating pressure, high freshwater recovery rate, low energy consumption, and no pollution. For example, the application of imported membrane components in some small deicing water equipment can ensure good water quality and maintain stable performance in long-term operation.
2. ** Perfection of Pre-processing System **
- ** Multi-media filter, Quartz sand filter, etc. **: A good reverse infiltration de-salting water treatment equipment should have a complete pre-treatment system. For example, the multi-media filter could remove suspended solid, colloid solution, fine sand, clay and other impurities in the water to reduce the turbid degree of the water; the Quartz sand filter could remove the odor, organic compounds, colloid solution, iron and free chorine in the water through chemical absorption of the methyls and groups on the surface to reduce the turbid degree of the water, thus reducing the pollution pressure of the subsequent reverse infiltration system. If the filtering equipment in the pre-treatment system was complete and had good performance, it would be crucial for the entire salt removal process.
3. ** Ultra-purification After-treatment System **
- ** Meet the water quality requirements of different applications **: For users with special water quality requirements, it is important to equip the equipment with an effective ultra-purification after-treatment system. It could use different integrated technologies to further remove the only small amount of positive ions, organic compounds, and other impurities in reverse infiltration pure water, so as to meet the final water quality standards required for different uses such as electronic ultra-pure water preparation, drinking pure water production, boiler feed water, and so on.
###2. From the perspective of automaton and control
1. ** Automatic control technology **
- ** Simple and stable operation **: The equipment with the automatic control technology of the CPU is easy to operate. In some equipment, automatic operation can be achieved through the control of the Plc, such as automatically controlling the start and stop of the water pump according to the liquid level of the raw water tank and the clear water tank, and operating the high-pressure pump and the concentration discharge electromagnetic valve according to the set program. This not only reduced the workload of manual operation, but also improved the accuracy and stability of the equipment operation.
2. ** Online instrument monitoring **
- ** Prompt and accurate water quality monitoring **: Equipment equipped with advanced water quality monitoring instruments can detect water quality in a timely and accurate manner. This would help to grasp the changes in water quality during the de-salting process in real time, so that the operating parameters of the equipment could be adjusted in time to ensure that the water quality of the discharged water was stable and met the requirements.
###3. From the perspective of the overall performance of the equipment
1. ** Adaptable to the range of raw water quality **
- ** Widely adaptable **: Better equipment can be used for a larger range of raw water quality. According to the characteristics of the separated or concentrated medium, it can select imported reverse infiltration membranes with different membrane materials, pressures, and rejection rates. According to different raw water quality, it can use iron and Mn removal, organic matter removal, residual chorine removal, softening or dosage equipment as a pre-treatment system to effectively remove impurities such as silt, rust, organic matter, residual chorine, etc. in the water to ensure the safe and effective operation of the membrane host.
2. ** Water production stability **
- ** Stable production of qualified water quality **: The stability of the water produced by the equipment is also an important consideration. For example, in some equipment, through program self-control, it can stably produce de-salted water that meets the requirements, and there will be no large fluctuations in water quality. This is very important for enterprises or production processes that need a stable water supply.
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Reverse Osmosis Pure Water Treatment EquipmentThe working principle of reverse infiltration pure water treatment equipment was based on reverse infiltration technology. Water purification was mainly achieved through the following processes:
1. ** Ingress **: Water enters the equipment first.
2. ** Pretreatment **: The pre-treatment system in the equipment will remove suspended matter, dissolved matter, organic matter, etc. in the water. This step is designed to protect the subsequent membrane from damage.
3. ** Membrane Separation **: The equipment uses a reverse infiltration membrane for separation. This is the core part. There was a small pore size in the middle of the reverse infiltration membrane. Under sufficient external pressure, the semi-transparent membrane was placed between the concentrated solution (such as water with more impurities) and the diluted solution (treated water), so that the solution (water) on the concentrated solution side flowed through the semi-transparent membrane to the diluted solution side. These pores could allow water molecules to pass through and directly block most of the impurities in the water, such as bacteria, impurities, organic matter, viruses, and so on.
4. ** Pervious **: After being separated by the filter membrane, the purified water will pass through the membrane.
5. ** Waste water discharge **: The impurities blocked by the membrane and some water that did not pass through the membrane are discharged as waste water.
At the same time, the equipment also used high-precision PC cotton, particle activated carbon, compressed activated carbon, and composite activated carbon for multi-stage physical filtering to ensure the quality of the water. Depending on the external pressure applied, the equipment could be divided into automatic and manual types. The difference was that the economical type required manual cleaning, while the automatic type could be cleaned by itself, but the effect was the same.
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