What are the key points of duck breeding management? The key points of duck raising technology and management mainly include the following aspects:
**I.
Duck house construction and site selection**
1.
**Location**:
- Considering the nature of the duck farm, natural and social conditions.
For meat and egg ducks mainly supplying urban residents, it is advisable to choose the suburbs, about 10 - 20 kilometers away from the town for general duck farms, while breeding duck farms can be farther from the town.
- Ensure convenient transportation for product and feed transportation, but keep a certain distance (at least 2000 meters) from major traffic arteries and build special roads to connect.
2.
**Water source**:
- The water source should be of good quality, pollution - free, and not too close to residential areas.
It is best to be far from chemical, pesticide, and livestock and poultry processing areas.
It can be selected beside rivers, lakes, ponds, or canals with a water depth of about 1 meter and a wide water surface.
Slow - flowing living water is the best.
For large - scale duck farms, self - built deep wells can be considered.
- The water quality needs to be sampled and examined, and the number of coliforms in the water generally should not exceed 5,000.
3.
**Terrain and orientation**:
- The terrain should be high - lying and dry with good drainage.
A small slope of 5 - 10°slightly inclined towards the water surface is beneficial for drainage, and sandy loam soil is preferred.
- The duck house should face south or southeast.
This orientation has a large lighting area in winter for good warmth preservation, and in summer, it has good ventilation and is not directly exposed to the sun, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, improving production performance.
4.
**Power supply and surrounding conditions**:
- Sufficient power supply is necessary, and power generation equipment should be available.
- It is beneficial to have a planting base because planting is the basis of duck raising.
A large - scale duck farm can build a planting base, which can not only provide rich feed but also realize the resource utilization of duck manure.
**II.
Duckling selection**
Select ducklings with large individuals, clean and dry umbilical cords, active and energetic, soft and shiny fetal hair, fast and large - quantity eating, and loud calls as breeding ducks.
**III.
Feeding technology and management**
1.
**Feeding of ducklings within 10 days old**:
- Within 24 hours after hatching, ducklings must first drink 0.1% potassium permanganate water and then start eating.
- After that, add 2% - 3% multi - dimensional glucose to cold boiled water.
From 2 - 5 days old, use 10g of Chu'an to mix with 25kg of cold boiled water for ducklings to drink freely for 3 days.
- Before 10 days old, feed a complete - price compound feed, 6 times a day, use a water dispenser for drinking and a trough for eating, and feed ducklings to about 80% full each time.
2.
**Feeding from 11 - 40 days old**:
- Feed a complete - price feed (60% crushed corn, 40% egg duck concentrated feed), 4 times a day (3 times during the day and 1 time at night), with each duck fed 75 - 85g of feed per day, and free drinking water.
3.
**Feeding from 41 - 150 days old**:
- Feed a complete - price feed (60% crushed corn, 40% egg duck concentrated feed), 3 times a day.
The feed should be timely and sufficient.
The metabolic energy in the diet is 12.1 - 12.5MJ/kg, and the crude protein content is 17% - 18%.
During the peak of egg production, the crude protein in the daily feed should reach 20%, with each duck fed 170 - 180g per day.
- After 3 months old, the diet should be stable.
The wet - mixed feed can be formed into a ball when held by hand and can be loosened when dropped.
When feeding, mix and feed immediately.
The amount of one - time feeding should not exceed 1/3 of the trough depth to avoid feed waste.
During the egg - laying period, appropriate amounts of gravel and shells should be added.
4.
**Feeding of green fodder**:
- Within 20 days, feed some duckweed - like green fodder every day.
- After 20 days, when ducklings can find food by themselves, gradually reduce the number and frequency of feedings.
Some manure maggots and small insects can be salvaged for feeding.
After 30 days, ducklings can be driven into paddy fields and rivers for free - range breeding.
**IV.
Other management points**
1.
**Spring management**:
- In spring, pay attention to ventilation management to prevent wind, cold, and avoid stuffy shed and hypoxia.
Because the temperature rises in spring, harmful microorganisms such as molds, bacteria, and viruses become more active, and the large - wind makes their spread more serious, so ducks are more likely to be attacked by these pathogens.
Big ducks of 20 - 30 days old are also prone to gout problems.
2.
**Disease prevention and treatment**:
- For ducks with cough and snoring, use vinegar and licorice.
For ducks with feather - pecking and anus - pecking problems, use gypsum and monosodium glutamate.
For ducks with colds, use brown sugar and ginger.
For ducks with enteritis and diarrhea, use white spirit and garlic.
For ducks with white dysentery, use white spirit and brown sugar.
3.
**Feeding management**:
- For meat ducks, ensure the protein and energy of the feed in the early stage, and ensure high energy in the later stage although the crude protein can be lower.
- Young meat ducks are more suitable for the principle of less feeding but more frequent addition.
- Keep a proper distance between the feed tray and water trough (more than 1m for young and medium - sized ducks and more than 5m for large ducks).
The drinking water area should have good drainage and be far from the bedding material.
- The stocking density should be appropriate.
Ducks are gregarious animals, and the stocking density should follow the principle of being sparse rather than dense.
For example, 20 - 30 adult ducks can be stocked per 0.067 hectares of orchard.
- Strengthen supervision during stocking, prevent rodent damage, and use nylon nets to enclose the stocking area.
- Pay attention to the adaptability training of young ducklings before spring stocking, and gradually let them enter the stocking garden.
- The survival rate of ducklings directly affects the economic benefits of duck raising, so it is necessary to do a good job in the management of ducklings, such as timely starting feeding.
Ducklings can start eating 1 day after hatching.
Before starting eating, they need to "drink water" (drink warm water) first, and an appropriate amount of glucose and vitamin C can be added to the drinking water.
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