small laughing buddha statue

The Three Pure Buddhas were not symbols of Buddhism, but the highest gods of Taoism. The Three Pure Ones referred to the three gods in Taoism, namely Heavenly Lord Yuanshi, Heavenly Lord Lingbao, and Heavenly Lord Dao De. These statues were usually worshiped in the Three Pristines Hall of the Taoist temple. The Heavenly Lord Yuanshi held a spiritual pearl, which symbolized the state before the world was opened; the Heavenly Lord Lingbao held a jade light Ruyi, which represented the supreme virtue of the Jade Emperor; the Heavenly Lord Dao De held a fan of the Yin and Yang Mirror, which symbolized the evolution of the world and the division of Yin and Yang. The order in which these statues were placed was fixed. Heavenly Lord Yuanshi was in the center, while Heavenly Lord Lingbao and Heavenly Lord Dao De were on the left and right. The image of the Three Pure Buddhas was different from the Buddha in Buddhism. The Buddha was usually depicted wearing a golden kasaya and holding golden Buddha beads. This reflected the different interpretation and expression of gods in Taoism and Buddhism.

The Buddha statues in Xuankong Temple included Shakyamuni Buddha, Amitabha Buddha, and Medicine Master Glazed Light King Buddha. Among them, Shakyamuni Buddha was the founder of Buddhism, Amitabha Buddha was the leader of the Western Paradise, and Medicine Buddha was the leader of the Lotus Realm. These Buddha statues were important cultural relics of Xuankong Temple, displaying the exquisite skills of ancient art.

The Bathing Buddha Crown Prince was a type of Buddha statue that was worshipped at the Bathing Buddha Dharma Assembly. It was usually made of crystal or other materials. There were two different forms of the gesture of bathing the Buddha statue. One was to point at the sky with his right hand and the earth with his left hand, while the other was to point at the sky with his left hand and the earth with his right hand. The formation of these two gestures was influenced by the local customs and traditional ideas of China. According to the article "The Changing Forms of Buddhism in Dunhuang and the Sinicization of Buddhism", this change may have been deliberately changed to make the story closer to the Chinese concept of "advocating the left". In ancient China, there was a tendency to worship the left. Therefore, the gesture form of the Bathing Buddha Prince statue might have changed according to local customs and traditional concepts.

The Jizu Mountain worshiped the Buddha statue of Shakyamuni, and on both sides of the Buddha statue were statues of Ananda and Kasyapa. Jizu Mountain was the dojo of Maha Kasyapa, the holy land of Buddhism in Southeast Asia. The temple on Jizu Mountain also had statues of Patriarch Bodhidharma and Six-armed Guardian King. He had held a Buddha statue consecration ceremony at the Jade Cloud Temple on Jizu Mountain. In addition, there was a huge building complex called Zhusheng Temple on Jizu Mountain, which worshipped Buddhist Arhat Buddha statues.

There were more than 80 Buddha statues in Xuankong Temple.

The Buddha statues in Xuankong Temple had the distinctive features of people from the Western Regions, retaining the solemn demeanor and style of the early Buddha statues. The characteristics of the Buddha statue were extremely rare in the domestic temple statues. In addition, the Three Religious Halls of Xuankong Temple worshipped Buddha Shakyamuni of Buddhism, Laozi of Taoism, and Confucius of Confucianism. It was very rare for the three founders to live in the same room. The Buddha statues had different expressions, which made people laugh.

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The Laughing Buddha is based on a Chinese monk named Budai. He was known for his jovial nature and large belly. Legend has it that he carried all his possessions in a sack on his back. People associated him with good fortune and happiness, and over time, he became a popular symbol in Chinese culture.

The largest Buddha statue in Yungang Grottoes was the sitting statue in the center of Cave 5, which was 17 meters high. This Buddha statue was one of the more well-preserved statues in the Yungang Grottoes. It could stand 120 people on one knee and 12 people on one foot. It was the largest Buddha statue in the Yungang Grotto, surrounded by a group of small Buddhas. The scene was very harmonious.

The Buddha statues in Xuankong Temple were made with the method of making statues, which was a rather rare method of making statues in northern temples. The carving process was very complicated. First, the statue was molded with mud, then a wooden frame was added, covered with hemp, and heated. After drying and solidifying, the clay sculpture inside was removed. Although this kind of statue was time-consuming and laborious to build, it was sturdy, light, beautiful, and easy to preserve after it was formed. The Buddha statues in Xuankong Temple were regarded as exquisite and had precious cultural relic value.