In some fanfictions, Gohan and Goku might have a series of conversations that open up new levels of understanding between them. Gohan could share his thoughts and feelings about his life and future, and Goku would listen and offer his own insights. This kind of communication can really strengthen their bond.
In such fanfictions, Goku might develop by becoming more of a mentor to Gohan. He could teach Gohan new fighting moves and also how to control his emotions better during battles.
In a Gohan x Goku fanfic, their relationship can be delved into by creating scenarios where they have to rely on each other completely. For example, if they are in a situation where Goku's strength and Gohan's intelligence are both required to escape. Their different personalities can also be highlighted. Goku's carefree nature contrasted with Gohan's more studious and responsible side. And of course, flashbacks to Gohan's childhood and how Goku's presence or absence affected him can add depth to their relationship.
A Goku and Goku Black fusion in fanfiction could be really exciting. The fusion would inherit Goku's love for fighting and getting stronger, but also Goku Black's ambition. Their combined ki could be a new type of energy that no one has ever seen before. This new fused form might also have new transformations or abilities. For example, it could combine Goku's Super Saiyan forms with Goku Black's Rose form in unexpected ways. It could change the power balance in the Dragon Ball world and open up all sorts of new storylines, like teaming up with other characters to take on new threats or even having internal struggles between the two personalities within the fusion.
It could be insanely powerful. Goku already has incredible power levels, and Goku Black is no slouch either. When they fuse, it's like combining two nuclear reactors. Their power could be so great that they could effortlessly destroy planets just by flexing their newfound power. They might be able to reach Super Saiyan forms that are far beyond what we've seen in the official series, with power levels that are basically off the scale.
One possible interaction is that Bardock could spar with Goku and Gohan. He'd test their limits and see how much they've learned about fighting. Another could be Bardock sharing stories of Planet Vegeta with them, which would be really interesting for Goku and Gohan to hear.
In the manga, Gohan never managed to defeat Goku. Their battles often ended with Goku coming out on top or the fight being interrupted for some reason.
I think Zeno would be a really tough opponent. Zeno has the power to erase entire universes, and a Goku and Goku Black fusion, despite being extremely powerful, would have a hard time against such a being with god - like powers.
In many fanfictions, Goku's protectiveness of Gohan is shown through his constant presence. He might train Gohan more rigorously to make him stronger so he can defend himself. For example, in some stories, Goku takes Gohan to special training grounds that are hidden from the rest of the world. This not only protects Gohan from potential threats during the training but also hones his skills in a more secluded environment.