The regular army of Qin State

Answer 1

The regular army of Qin had the following characteristics:

** I. Leader and Establishment **
1. ** Leader **
- The leadership of the Qin army was highly concentrated in the hands of the Emperor. During the period of Duke Xiao of Qin, the military establishment system began to be established. At that time, the larger military administrative officials were Taiwei. Taiwei had to listen to the orders of the king during the war and set up generals to command the troops during the war.
2. ** Establishment **
- The army was divided into three parts: the capital soldiers, the local soldiers, and the border soldiers.
- The capital soldiers were led by the doctor, Wei Wei, and lieutenant, and were mainly made up of Langguan, Guardians, and the garrison soldiers guarding the capital. Lang Guan was responsible for the guards inside and outside the palace, led by the doctor order; The guards were led by Wei Wei; The garrison was led by the lieutenant to guard the capital.
- Local soldiers were placed in prefectures and counties, under the command of county and county captains (also known as duwei) to assist the county magistrate or county magistrate. During normal times, they would maintain local security and listen to the central government's dispatch during wartime. When conscripting, they would need to use the emperor's "tiger talisman" as evidence.
- The border soldiers were mainly responsible for guarding the border counties. They were led by the county governor, and under his jurisdiction were the commandant and the department commandant.

- Under the general, the army was also divided into front general, back general, left general, right general, and so on.

** 2. Soldiers and Military Service System **
1. ** Recruiting target **
- The main targets of conscription were farmers. Men were registered with the government at the age of 16 or 17, and then enlisted into the army at any time according to the needs of the country until they were 60 years old. When conscription could not meet the demand, it was supplemented by conscription, and convicts were also conscripted as soldiers.
2. ** Military Strength **
- During the Warring States Period, after Duke Xiao of Qin's reform, the scale of the war expanded rapidly, reaching a million soldiers, a thousand chariots, and ten thousand horses. After unifying the six states, the Qin Dynasty's army also exceeded a million.

** 3. Troops **
- There were mainly four basic types of soldiers: Material Officer (Infantry), Knight (Cavalry), Tower Ship (Navy), and Light Car (Car Soldier). Most of the counties in the plains were trained in knights and light chariots; Most of the counties in the mountains were trained in even material officers; Most of the counties along the Yangtze River and the sea were trained in building ships. Chariot soldiers had many uses in battle, such as charging into the enemy's formation during attack, setting up a formation to block the enemy's attack during defense, and ensuring the safety of the troops during marching. The chariot was made of wood, with a single shaft and four horses. There were three armored soldiers on the chariot (the imperial hand was in the middle, the left side of the chariot was on the right, and the right side of the chariot was on the left. All of them were clad in metal armor).

** 4. Military Mission and Assignment **
1. ** Mission before and after unifying the Six Nations **
- Before the unification of the six states, the Qin army continued to engage in foreign wars, such as the war against Xirong. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Wengong won a major victory in the war against Rong. During the Qin Mugong period, he fought with the eastern states and obtained a large area of land. During the Warring States Period, Qin Xiaogong's reform made an important contribution to the unification of the six states.
- After unifying the six countries, the Qin army attacked the Xiongnu in the north and drove the Xiongnu to the north of the Yinshan Mountain Range.
2. ** Dispersion **
- The Qin Dynasty had three main armies, which were stationed in the north, south, and the capital. The troops stationed in the north were mainly to deal with the threat of Xiongnu, the troops stationed in the south were responsible for farmland reclamation and other work in addition to security, and the troops stationed in the capital were responsible for the protection of the palace and the capital.