Jun porcelain tea set

Answer 1

Jun porcelain tea sets had many characteristics:

** 1. Material and Craftsmanship **
1. ** Porcelain body **
- The porcelain body was pure, solid and delicate, providing a good foundation for the tea set.
- The production process was extremely complicated. First, the blank was pulled by hand, and the blank was glazed and fired after it cooled slightly. The glaze layer was relatively thick. During firing, due to the large amount of calcium acid and other substances, the glaze layer would break. The glaze would roll on the embryo under the influence of high temperature. The heavier elements would be on the bottom and the lighter elements would be on the top. Dark grooves would be formed in the glaze layer. After the fire was extinguished, the glaze would stop boiling. After the high and low were filled, the glaze would form irregular flowing lines, showing the unique style of "earthworms walking in the mud".
2. ** Glaze **
- The glaze color was natural, sparkling and translucent, gorgeous and colorful, reflecting each other and full of poetic and picturesque feelings. It was the first to use copper and iron as coloring agents on a large scale, rewriting the history of bluish-white porcelain dominating the world.
- Jun porcelain pots absorbed the strengths of the glazes of almost all kinds of porcelain. They were rich in color and the glaze layer was crystal clear. There were single color glazes such as azure, sky blue, pinkish blue, and moon white. There were also multi-color glazes that were purple in red, navy in purple, white in blue, and red in white. There was also the characteristic of "entering the kiln with one color, leaving the kiln with ten thousand colors", just like "looking at the starry sky on a moonlit night, the halo naturally formed", and "red is precious, purple is the most, azure and white is better than jade". The beauty of its color was described as "the painter's brush is clumsy, but the painting is difficult to draw." The glaze color of each Jun porcelain was unique, which meant that "Jun porcelain is unparalleled, and there is no right kiln."

** 2. Styling Category **
1. ** Teapot **
- According to the teapot handle, it can be divided into side-lifting type (the teapot handle is ear-shaped, opposite to the teapot mouth), beam type (the teapot handle is rainbow-shaped above the lid), flying type (the teapot handle is like a ribbon dancing above the teapot body), grip type (the teapot handle is round and straight at 90° to the teapot body), and no handle type (the teapot handle is omitted, holding the teapot body to pour tea).
- According to the shape of the teapot, it could be divided into the shape of the vein (like the curved leaf veins in plants, the outer wall has concave lines, and the wall between the veins has a sense of roundness), the geometric shape (using geometric shapes as the shape, such as squares, rectangular shapes, etc.), the bionic shape (imitating various animal and plant shapes, such as pumpkin pots, etc.), and the calligraphy and painting shape (carving words, poems, characters, mountains, rivers, flowers, birds, etc. on the teapot). In addition, it could be classified by cover, bottom, and whether there was a filter.
2. ** Tea Boat **
- According to the shape, it could be divided into plate shape (the boat was short and small, but the whole shape was like a plate, and the shape of the teapot was completely revealed when looking at it from the side), bowl shape (the boat was tall, and the upper half of the teapot could be seen when looking at it from the side), and sandwich shape (the tea boat was made into two layers, and the upper layer had many drainage holes to allow the overflowing water to flow into the lower layer. There was also a water outlet to allow the accumulated water in the sandwich layer to be easily poured out).
3. ** Small teacups **
- According to the different shapes, it could be divided into inverted cups (the mouth of the cup turned out like a trumpet), open cups (the mouth of the cup was larger than the bottom of the cup, also known as cup-shaped cups), straight cups (the mouth of the cup was the same size as the bottom of the cup, also known as barrel-shaped cups), closed cups (the mouth of the cup was smaller than the bottom of the cup, also known as drum-shaped cups), cup (the cup with a handle attached), and cover cups (the cup with a lid attached, with or without a handle).
4. ** Tea bowl **
- There were mainly two types: round bottom (the bottom of the bowl was round) and pointed bottom (the bottom of the bowl was conical, often called a teacup).
5. ** Cover the bowl **
- It is composed of a lid, a bowl, and a support. It can be used together or separately.
6. ** Big teacup **
- Drinking utensils, mostly long bucket shape, with or without a handle, with or without a cover.
7. ** The Same Heart Cup **
- There was a filter in the big teacup to separate the tea dregs.
8. ** Brewing Cup **
- A cup used to brew tea leaves. A gap is left at the mouth of the cup as a water outlet, or the cup cover is connected to a filter screen. The middle axis can be lifted up and down like a cylinder, which can not only make the brewed tea evenly, but also separate the dregs from the tea.

** 3. Appreciation criteria **
1. ** Type (shape, form)**
- Most of them were semi-handmade, exquisite and elegant. They paid attention to "equal pattern" and "equal momentum" and strived to "balance". They were simple and clear, and the lines were smooth. A good Jun porcelain teapot's lid and the teapot's body could be opened and closed freely. The water flow was smooth when pouring water. When the lid was pressed, the water in the teapot stopped abruptly.
2. ** Glaze (Color)**
- It was an important aspect of appreciation. Rich colors and natural characteristics were the key to measuring the quality of Jun porcelain tea sets.
3. ** Work (Forming process)**
- It was the organic unity of "point, line, and surface". One must strive for perfection in writing, changing twists and turns, and cadence. If a point is square, it is square; if a point is round, it is round; if a line is straight, it is straight; if a line is curved, it is curved; if a face is bright, it is bright; if a face is hairy, it is hairy. The spout and handle of a good Jun porcelain pot should be in a straight line, and the weight should be balanced. The combination of the spout and the lid should be rigorous.
4. ** Style (signature, base)**
- There were two meanings to it. One was to identify the creator or the author of the inscription, and the other was to appreciate the content of the inscription, the engraved calligraphy, painting, and the seal. These items had the characteristics of the traditional China art of "poetry, calligraphy, painting, and seal". A good Jun porcelain pot could bring beauty to literature, calligraphy, stone carving, and other aspects in addition to its shape, glaze color, and production skills.
5. ** Skill (practical functionality)**
- The main performance was that the capacity was moderate, the height was appropriate, the cover was tight, and the water flowed smoothly.

** 4. Function and Specialties **
1. ** Tea brewing **
- The texture was fine, the average density was high, and the air hole rate was very small. It was not easy to mix flavors when making tea, and it could fully display the fragrance of different types of tea.
2. ** In terms of health **
- It contains dozens of minerals and microelements needed by the human body. It has the function of health preservation. The Jun Pot was baked at a high temperature of about 1300 degrees in the kiln. The temperature was much higher than other blue-white porcelain and purple sand. Not only was it harmless to the human body, but it was also relatively safer. Under the hot water, it could better activate the nutrients in the tea leaves.

** 5. History and Value **
1. ** History *
- The Jun kiln was located in Yu County, Henan Province. It was one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty. It was founded in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the emperors listed Jun porcelain as a royal treasure and had to pay a fixed amount of tribute to the imperial palace. Only 36 pieces were allowed to be produced each year, and it was conferred the title of "Shenjun Treasure Porcelain". It was not until the Qing Dynasty that it was introduced to the people.
2. ** Value **
- Due to its unique kiln transformation effect, there were no two identical Jun porcelains in the world, so it had a high collection value. Moreover, the glaze color of the tea was changeable, unique and full of vitality. It could add visual enjoyment and life interest to tea tasting. Besides its use value, it also had a high artistic value.

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