camera optical parameters
The optical parameters of the camera included the following aspects: 1. ** focal length **: This is a very important optical parameters of the lens. It refers to the distance from the main point of the lens to the focal point. It is an important performance indicator of the lens. The length of the focal length of the lens was inverse to the size of the image taken by the lens. That is, under the same object distance, the larger the focal length of the lens, the smaller the size of the image taken. Most industrial cameras use fixed-focus lenses in practical applications. Before choosing the focal length of the lens, you need to know the object distance of the on-site camera (the installation height of the camera lens from the surface of the measured object) and the field of view of the camera (the size of the characteristics of the measured object). In some applications involving the mixed inspection of objects at different heights, the use of a variable focal length lens would be considered. However, the variable focal length lens had two issues to consider: zooming speed and lens life. 2. ** Depth-of-field **: When the focal length of the lens is adjusted to a focal point, only the objects within a certain distance before and after the focal point are clearly visible. The objects outside this distance are blurred. This distance is the depth of field of the lens. 3. ** Pieces and resolution **: Pieces are the smallest unit of an image generated by the imaging chip, such as a 2-million-pel image. The resolution referred to the imaging ability of the CCD-or CMOS-chip. For example, the resolution of a 2-million-pel camera was 1626 x 1236, which meant that the camera had 1626 x 1236 rows in the X-axis direction. The total image taken was about 2 million pel. The detection accuracy could be simply evaluated by dividing the actual size of the image's X-axis by the number of X-axis dots. However, the final detection accuracy was affected by many factors, including the moving speed of the object being measured, light interference, the shape of the object, the contrast of the features, the computing power of the software, and so on. 4. ** Picture element size **: This is also an important optical parameters of the camera. 5. ** Target size of sensor **: It is the most concerned part of the camera's optical parameters. Read more exciting novels for free
The optical parameters on the lens
The following is some common optical parameters on the lens: 1. ** effective focal length (EFL)**: The distance from the center of the lens to the focal point. It could be divided into image focal length (the distance between the main surface of the image and the focal point of the image) and object focal length (the distance between the main surface of the object and the focal point of the object). If the focal length is too short, it will cause the field of view to be too large, causing distortion, difficulty in controlling the angle of the chief ray, low contrast, serious lens bending, difficulty in correcting the phase difference, and other problems. If the focal length is too long, the lens will be too long, which is not conducive to the miniaturized system. Moreover, the field of view is too small to meet the user's needs (FoV>60°). 2. ** Total length of lens (TL)**: It is divided into optical length (the distance between the first surface of the lens and the image surface) and mechanism length (the distance between the end of the lens barrel and the image surface). 3. ** Back focal length (BTL)**: The distance from the last side of the lens in the optical system to the image plane. 4. ** Front focal length (FFL)**: The distance from the first surface of the lens to the object surface in the optical system must be distinguished from the back focal length of the mechanism. 5. ** Mechanical back focal length (FTL/FFL)**: The distance from the last mechanical surface of the lens group to the image surface. 6. ** Field of View (FoV)**: The largest field of view that the camera can capture. It can be divided into diagonal field of view (FoV-D), horizontal field of view (FoV-H), and vertical field of view (FoV-V). The diagonal field of view is the largest, followed by the horizontal field of view, and the vertical field of view is the smallest. The so-called field of view refers to the diagonal field of view of the digital camera module. The size of the field of view was related to the focal length. Generally, the larger the field of view, the shorter the focal length. 7. ** Joules (F/NO.)**: It was the ratio of the effective focal length to the diameter of the pupil, which was used to determine the brightness of the lens. Under the premise of ensuring the same aperture, the shorter the focal length, the smaller the relative aperture should be. In general, the smaller the F/#, the larger the aperture. 8. Distortion: It is the off-axis phase difference. It is the height difference between the intersection point of the off-axis point and the main ray on the image plane and the ideal (paraxial-like) image plane. It is a function of the field of view and has nothing to do with the aperture. Distortion was divided into TV distortion and optical distortion. TV distortion was further divided into pillow type and cylinder type. Distortion is the image quality that users can easily feel. Different application scenarios have different requirements for distortion. For example, Optical-Distortion <3% is not easy to detect by the human eye, and the objective lens generally requires Optical-Distortion <2%. 9. ** relative illumination (Ri)**: The ratio of the central illumination to the peripheral illumination. If the contrast was too low, the center of the image would be bright and the surroundings would be dark (vignette phenomenon, commonly known as dark corners), which would also cause color distortion. The Ri is directly proportional to COS4 (semi-fov). Different semi-fov correspond to different theoretical values of the Ri. When the Ri<50%, the human eye can distinguish it. In serious cases, the four corners of the picture will be completely black. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The technical parameters of the optical lens
The main technical parameters of the optical lens were as follows: 1. ** effective focal length (EFL)**: The distance from the center of the lens to the focal point. It was further divided into image focal length (the distance between the main surface of the image and the focal point of the image) and object focal length (the distance between the main surface of the object and the focal point of the object). If the focal length is too short, the field of view will be too large, resulting in distortion, difficulty in controlling the main ray angle, low contrast, serious lens bending, difficulty in correcting the phase difference, and other problems, which is not conducive to the design; if the focal length is too long, the lens will be too long, which is not conducive to the miniaturized system. If the field of view is too small, it is difficult to meet the user's needs (FoV>60°). 2. ** Total length of lens (TL)**: It is divided into optical length (the distance between the first surface of the lens and the image surface) and mechanism length (the distance between the end of the lens barrel and the image surface). 3. ** Back focal length (BTL)**: The distance from the last side of the lens in the optical system to the image plane. 4. ** Front focal length (FFL)**: The distance from the first surface of the lens to the object surface in the optical system must be distinguished from the back focal length of the mechanism. 5. ** Mechanical back focal length (FTL/FFL)**: The distance from the last mechanical surface of the lens group to the image surface. 6. ** Field of view (FoV)**: refers to the largest field of view that the lens can capture. It can be divided into diagonal field of view (FoV-D), horizontal field of view (FoV-H), and vertical field of view (FoV-V). The diagonal field of view is the largest, followed by the horizontal field of view, and the vertical field of view is the smallest. The so-called field of view usually refers to the diagonal field of view of the digital camera module. 7. ** Joules (F/NO.)**: It is the ratio of the effective focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil, which is used to determine the brightness of the lens. Under the premise of ensuring the same aperture, the shorter the focal length, the smaller the relative aperture should be. In general, the smaller the F/#, the larger the aperture. 8. ** Distortion **: It is the off-axis phase difference. It is the aberrations of the off-axis thin beam. It is the height difference between the intersection point of the off-axis point and the main ray on the image plane and the ideal (near axis) image plane. It is a function of the field of view and has nothing to do with the aperture. The primary distortion changes with the cubic power of the field of view (image height), and the percentage distortion increases with the square of the image height. The distortion varies with different fields of view, and the distortion changes are non-linear. It is only the distortion of the image and does not affect the clarity of the image. Distortion is divided into TV distortion and optical distortion. TV distortion is further divided into pillow type and cylinder type. Different application scenarios have different requirements for distortion. For example, Optical-Distortion <3% is not easy to detect by the human eye, and Optical-Distortion <2% is the distortion requirement of the photographic objective lens. 9. ** relative illumination (Ri)**: The ratio of the central illumination to the peripheral illumination. If the contrast was too low, the center of the image would be bright and the surroundings would be dark (vignette phenomenon, commonly known as dark corners), which would also cause color distortion. The Ri is directly proportional to COS4 (semi-fov). Different semi-fov values correspond to different theoretical values of the Ri. When the Ri<50%, the human eye can distinguish it. In serious cases, the four corners of the picture will be completely black. 10. ** resolution **: It can be defined as the number of pairs of black and white stripes that can be distinguished in millimeters when the lens is used to observe the black-and-white grid pattern. When selecting a lens, the lens resolution is usually required to be slightly higher than the resolution of the picture element. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The parameters of the camera
There were many parameters for the camera lens. The following were some common parameters: 1. ** Focus **: It determines the degree of zooming of the lens. A longer focal length was used for long-distance shooting. For example, a telephoto lens could be used to shoot long-distance topics such as sports competitions, wild animals, aircraft, etc., and it could also enhance the background blurring effect. A shorter focal length was used for wide-angle shooting, such as wide-angle lenses for landscape photography, architectural photography, and crowded indoor spaces. 2. ** Aperture **: For example, the main camera of the Vivo X200 Pro is equipped with a large aperture of f/1.57, which helps to take brighter and clearer photos in dark environments. Its periscope telephoto lens has an aperture of f/2.67, which can ensure the clarity and details of the picture when shooting telephoto. The size of the aperture affected the amount of light entering, depth of field, and so on. 3. ** Pieces **: It is one of the important indicators to measure the quality of the camera. For example, the main camera of the Vivo X200 Pro is expected to use a 50-million-pel large sensor, and the periscope telephoto lens is equipped with a 200-million-pel periscope telephoto lens. 4. ** Photosensor **: For example, the sensor of the HD - 3000 camera is a LCD; the main camera of the Vivo X200 Pro has a 1/1.28-inch sensor, and the periscope telephoto lens has a 1/1.4-inch base. 5. ** View angle **: For example, the helmet camera lens is a 3.7mm pinhole lens with a 90-degree view angle. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The parameters of the camera
The main parameters of the camera lens were as follows: - Aperture: controls the amount of light that enters the lens. The smaller the aperture, the greater the amount of light that enters the lens, and the more obvious the background blurring effect. For example, in a dark environment, a large aperture could allow more light to enter the camera and take a bright photo. At the same time, it could highlight the subject and blur the background. - ** Focus **: determines the angle of view and magnifying power of the lens. The short focal length lens had a wide angle of view and was suitable for shooting large scenes such as landscapes. The long focal length lens had a narrow angle of view and could zoom in on distant objects. It was often used to shoot portraits, close-ups, or sports events that needed to be zoomed in. - ** Shutter Speed **: The length of time the shutter is opened. A fast shutter speed could freeze instantaneous movements, which was suitable for shooting moving objects, such as fast running athletes. A slow shutter speed could capture the trajectory of the object's movement, such as shooting a smooth effect when shooting water. However, a slow shutter speed needed to be used with a tripod to prevent blurring caused by hand shaking. - [Depth-of-field]: It refers to the range of clear images before and after the focal point. A large aperture would cause the depth of field to become shallow, that is, the clear range before and after the focus was small; a small aperture would cause the depth of field to be large, and the clear range before and after the focus would be wide. - ** Light sensitivity (USB)**: It indicates the sensitivity of the camera to light. The higher the value, the more sensitive the camera was to light. In a dim environment, the camera could increase the brightness by raising the value, but an overly high value would cause noise and affect the image quality. - ** White Balance **: Adjusts the camera to ensure that white objects appear white under different lighting conditions. Automatic white balance (AWB) for daily shooting can basically meet the needs, but it can be manually controlled in special scenes or when you want to change the image effect, such as using the built-in scene mode, manually adjusting the K value, etc. - ** Distortion **: Different types of lenses may have different degrees of distortion. For example, wide-angle lenses may produce barrel distortion, and telephoto lenses may produce pincushion-shaped distortion. This was something to take note of when shooting objects that required strict shapes such as buildings. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
External parameters of the camera
The external parameters of the camera were parameters in the world coordinate system, mainly referring to the rotation and translation matrix between the camera systems, such as the position and rotation direction of the camera. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What are the camera parameters?
There were many types of camera parameters. The following were some common parameters: 1. ** The voltage is related to the current **: For example, the working voltage and current parameters are not mentioned in the model plx101 high-frequency mobile X-ray camera, but the power supply voltage of the 360 smart camera (1080p version) is 5V, 1A. 2. ** Pixel-related **: For example, a high-definition video camera (AJ-PX800MCF) has 2.01 - 3 million digital pixels. 3. ** Light-sensitive element related **: The light-sensitive element of a high-definition camera (AJ-PX800MCF) is 3MOS. 4. ** Shot-related **: - ** focal length **: For example, the focal length of the compatible lens of the high-definition camera (AJ-PX800MCF) is 1X8.5 - 170mm. - ** Zooming ratio **: The zooming ratio of the supporting lens is 20X. - ** Maximum relative aperture **: 1: 1.8 when 8.5 - 113mm, 1: 2.7 when 170mm. - ** Min object distance (M.O.D)**: 0.9m. - ** Color filter thread **: M82x0.75m. - ** DiameterxLengthx85x180.8mm - ** Weight **: 1.48Kg - [** Attribute **: Internal Focus] 5. ** Basic parameters related to images **: - ** Lowest Illumination **: It is used to measure the camera's ability to see objects in a dark environment. The lower the number, the higher the sensitivity. - ** Wide-motion **: A technology that allows the bright and dark parts of the scene to be clearly displayed. The larger the dynamic range, the more obvious the difference between the brightness and darkness of the scene, and the higher the requirements for the camera. - ** Backlight compensation **: This is used to solve the problem of blackening the main image when there is strong light behind the subject. - ** Strong Light Suppression **: It can weaken the strong light and brighten the dark light, suppressing the problem of large halos and blurred video images caused by strong light. - [** Private Cover **: Can cover certain areas within the monitoring range to protect privacy.] - ** White Balance **: Adjusts the reproduction of white objects by the camera to adapt to different color temperature environments. - ** Electronic Shutter **: The size of the shutter will affect the sharpness of the edges of moving objects and the low-light effect. - [Day and night switching]: It can be divided into electronic and mechanical modes to realize the conversion between color and black and white images. - ** Automatic gain **: It includes digital gain and digital gain. A suitable automatic gain control is very important for the image effect. If not, it may cause the image to be too exposed or too dark. 6. ** Other parameters **: - ** Storage medium **: For example, the storage medium of the high-definition video camera (AJ-PX800MCF) is P2 card/microP2 card (requires an dongle). - ** Screen size **: The screen size of the HD camera (AJ-PX800MCF) is 3.45 inches. - ** sensor size **: The sensor size is 2/3 inches. - ** Operation related **: Like the 360 smart camera (1080P version), it can be operated through the application and supports the Android and IOS-based systems. - ** Storage capacity support **: 360 smart camera (1080P version) supports 1 - 128G Micro SD card. - ** resolution **: 360p smart camera (1080p version) has a resolution of 1080p and a compressed format of H.264. - ** Function **: For example, the 360 smart camera (1080P version) has infrared night vision, remote monitoring, two-way intercom, video sharing, community live broadcast, and other functions. - ** Image color **: 360 smart camera (1080P version) image color is color. - ** Image Device **: The 360 smart camera (1080P version) has an OV2710 image device. - ** Material **: 360 Smart Camcorder (1080P version) made of ABS + PC. - ** Audible/video-related **: Including compression format, etc. For example, the 360 smart camera (1080P version) is compressed in H.264. - ** wireless network support **: 360 smart camera (1080P version) supports IeeE802.11b/g/n wireless protocol. - ** size and weight **: For example, the 360 smart camera (1080P version) has a height of 105mm, a head width of 58mm, a base width of 68mm, a base height of 22.3mm, a thickness of 29.8mm, and a bare weight of 102g. - ** Range of environmental temperature **: The environmental temperature of the 360 Smart Cameras (1080P version) is-4 - 40 ° C. - ** Regarding infrared lights **: 360 smart camera (1080P version) has 9 940mn infrared lights, night vision range of 7 meters. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Star camera parameters
When shooting stars, the camera parameters were set as follows: - ** Focus mode **: Use manual focus MT more often. First, he switched the focus mode to manual focus, then opened the aperture, increased the exposure time, and increased the IQ. Then, he turned on the real-time display shooting, selected the magnifying glass button on the camera, magnified the stars in the night sky, and then adjusted the focus ring to achieve precise focus. - ** exposure parameters (usually choose manual exposure M)**: - ** Aperture **: You can choose a large aperture, such as F4, F5.6, f/2.8, etc. - ** Shutter Speed **: Choose 20 - 30 seconds. It is not recommended to exceed 30 seconds. Otherwise, it is easy to form a star orbit. - ** Light sensitivity **: It is the key to controlling exposure. Generally, it needs to be above 1600. When the aperture and shutter speed brought less exposure, the USB could be adjusted to 3200 - 6400, but a high USB had a requirement on the camera's performance, and high-end cameras could generally meet it. - ** White Balance **: It is recommended to take a photo with automatic white balance first, and then lower the color temperature by 500 - 1000K to create a better image atmosphere. - ** ExposureCompensationRV **: It can be slightly increased according to the shooting environment, or it can be left unset. - ** Light sensitivity **: Can be set between 800 - 3200, for example, 1250. In addition, shooting stars also had requirements for cameras, lenses, tripods, and other equipment: - ** Cameras **: Cameras with high sensitivity are more suitable. Full-frame cameras are the first choice for shooting stars. Entry-level DSLR cameras can also be used, but the high-sensitivity performance is not as good as full-frame cameras. You may need to increase the exposure time to make up for it. - ** Lenses **: It would be best if it was a wide-angle lens with a large aperture. The large aperture could increase the exposure of the picture under the same exposure time, making the stars bigger, and the wide-angle end could make the shooting of the Milky Way and other pictures have a visual impact. - ** Tripod **: Because shooting stars generally requires a long exposure time (usually within 30 seconds), you need a stable tripod. When using it, pay attention to the camera's anti-shake, such as turning off the lens anti-shake, turning on real-time display shooting, using the shutter release, etc. The equator could maintain the relative position of the camera and the starry sky background, but it was inconvenient to carry and expensive, so it was not a necessity. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The parameters of the camera, the clock
Some cameras can set the clock signal. For details, please consult the camera supplier. After determining the camera's PixelClock, when setting the PixelClock of the capture card, the PixelClock value of the capture card is required to be equal to the PixelClock value of the camera. Under normal circumstances, this value is the default value and does not need to be changed. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Restore camera parameters
If it's a Huawei phone, you can click on the camera icon to set it up. After entering the camera interface, click on the settings icon in the top right corner. In the settings interface, find the last column "Restore default values" and click it. After clicking OK, all the values will be restored to the default values, and it will automatically return to the camera interface. You can also turn on the camera, then open the MENU key, find the symbol of the wrench, find the settings to clear all, and you can restore some of the previously messed up parameters to their original values. There may be differences between different models of phones or cameras, and some operations may not be applicable to all devices. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
camera panel parameters
The camera panel parameters include many aspects. The following is a detailed introduction: ** 1. Setting of parameters related to focusing ** 1. **AF - ON** - It can be set to switch between single focus, autofocus, and servo-autofocus. When setting up, click the AF-ON button, then click the menu button. In the pop-up menu, select the second camera setting from the right in the first layer of the menu. Choose 3 in the second layer of the menu (that is, select the custom button), find AF-ON and set it as the autofocus start button. This way, you can directly use AF-ON to select the focus mode when taking pictures. 2. **M - FN** - It can be set to drive mode, focus mode, white balance, light measurement mode, etc. Find the custom button in the MENU settings, click M-mn, and set it according to the content ticked in the detailed information. During the shooting process, click M-mn to change the setting content at will. ** 2. The parameters related to the shooting effect previews ** 1. ** Depth of field button ** - It could be set to a photo style. In the MENU, follow the specific setting steps (similar to finding the custom button when setting AF-ON), select the depth of field in the custom option. After setting it to the photo style, you can use the depth of field button to choose portrait shooting or landscape shooting. ** 3. The parameters related to the imaging display ** 1. ** Image confirmation ** - It was mainly used to display the photo on the camera for a short time after shooting to check the effect of the film. In the first camera setting on the first layer of the MENU button, there was an image confirmation option under the seventh menu on the second layer. Generally, you could choose the image confirmation time of 2 seconds. ** 4. Photosensitivity related parameters ** 1. ** Light sensitivity (USB)** - You can set the minimum and maximum value. After setting it, you can adjust the sensitivity within this range. The best image that the equipment could bear was the maximum value. If the value exceeded this value, the noise in the photos would increase. The setting step was to set up the camera on the first layer of the MENU setting, click on the 2 option, and then enter the sensitivity setting menu and select the automatic range. The maximum and minimum values were set according to the equipment's tolerance range. 2. ** High noise reduction setting ** - In extremely dark environments, when there were no lights or tripods, and the exposure time could not be extended, a high IQ noise reduction could be set to adjust the brightness of the picture, but this was not a long-term solution. It was best to add lighting equipment when the environment was not bright enough. In the MENU settings, the first camera setting on the left, click on the high iso sensitivity noise reduction function in option 4, and you can choose strong. ** 5. The parameters related to lens correction ** 1. ** Lens Aberration correction ** - Turn on the peripheral light correction to reduce dark corners, turn on the distortion correction, and select the standard for digital lens optimization. The setting step was to set the camera settings on the left side of the first layer of the MENU settings. Then, click the lens phase difference correction in the option 3, set the surrounding light correction to-on, the distortion correction to- on, and the digital lens optimization to-standard. ** 6. Shutter-related parameters ** 1. ** Memory card not installed, release shutter ** - If he didn't choose to close it, he could press the shutter without a memory card, and if he chose to close it, he couldn't press the shutter without a memory card. In the MENU settings, the first camera setting on the left of the first layer, click on the uninstalled memory card in option 6 to release the shutter. It is recommended to choose off. ** 7. Attributes related to composition assistance ** 1. ** Gridline Setting ** - Regardless of whether you are a novice or a veteran, the grid line can be used as a reference line for composition. It is recommended to keep it on. In the MENU settings, the first layer was the left camera setting. In option 7, click on the shooting information display-show grid line-3x3 grid line, so that the "Jing" line would appear on the camera display. In addition, the camera parameters also involved white balance (such as a specific K value and white balance offset), photo style (including the settings of parameters such as intensity, precision, threshold, contrast, saturation, and hue), etc. Different settings of these parameters would affect the color, style, and other effects of the photo. At the same time, different models of cameras might have different settings for the panel parameters. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>