Microscope lens modification photography
There were many ways to modify a microscope lens for photography. For example, a microscope lens could be modified into a camera lens for shooting, but this modification needed further improvement. There were also people who used the Hikvision camera and microscope lens to modify the electron microscope, but they might encounter some problems during the modification process. For example, the image was unclear, which might be a problem with the camera. When modifying, they had to consider the compatibility of the lens and the equipment. For example, when combining the microscope lens with the Hikvision network camera, they had to solve problems such as sensors, equipment errors, video storage, and so on. It may require the assistance of software such as the computer video recording software, the IVS- 4200. Read more exciting novels for free
Microscope objective lens parameters
The parameters of the microscope objective lens mainly included the following aspects: 1. ** Magnification **: It can be divided into low-power objectives (such as 2x, 4x/5x, and 10x), medium-power objectives (such as 20x, 40x), and high-power objectives (such as 60x/63x, 100x). Different magnifying lenses used different media. High power lenses (60x and 100x) often used oil to obtain high resolution, while lenses with lower magnifying powers used air as the medium. 2. ** Observation method **: There are many types of microscope objectives. The common observation methods marked on the lens shell are: FF (bright-field), TF (dark-field), PL (phase contrast), Po (polar light), DIC (differential interference), FF (fluorescence observation, such as blue, green, purple, etc.), UVFO (ultraviolet-fluorescence observation), etc. 3. ** Chromatic Deviation correction ability **: - Achromatic objective lens: It can only correct the color difference of red and blue light. - Semiapochromatic objective (TL): Able to correct the color difference of red, green, and blue light. - Apoachromatic objective lens (Apo): It can correct the color difference of red, green and blue light twice, and can correct the spherical aberrations of red and blue light at the same time. 4. ** Flat-field correction function **: Choose an objective lens with flat-field correction function (marked with Plan) for better imaging effect. For example, a flat-field achromatic objective (Ach) could be used to view transparent sections; a semi-apochromatic objective (TL) could be used to view fluorescence, which had a long working distance and could be used to observe glass slips and petri dishes; a full-apochromatic objective (Apo) could be used for better imaging effects. However, Apo objectives did not have a long working distance and were only suitable for viewing glass slips, not for viewing thick samples such as petri dishes or culture bottles. 5. ** Numeric Aperture (NAC value)**: This is the main parameters of the objective lens and the condensing device. It is directly proportional to the resolution of the microscope, directly proportional to the magnifying power, and inverse proportional to the depth of field. UA = n * sin alpha. Under the same amplification, the higher the UA, the better. In the case where the working distance is satisfied, the objective lens with a high UA value should be selected. The numerical aperture of the dry objective lens was 0.05 - 0.95, and the numerical aperture of the oil-immersed objective lens was 1.25. 6. ** Working Distance (WD)**: - Ordinary working distance objective lens: The working distance is small, and the slices can be observed, but the petri dish cannot be observed. - [Long working distance objective lens: Used for inverted microscope. It can be used for microscopic examination of tissues, suspension, and other materials.] 7. ** Glass slide thickness **: After the optical type of the objective lens (infinity/0)(210/0), the number behind the slash represents the applicable glass slide thickness. For example,(infinity/0.17)(210/0.17), the applicable glass slide thickness is 0.17 mm. The objective lens with a higher NAC value was more sensitive to the thickness of the cover glass. Some objective lenses with high NAC values and those with long working distances had an adjustment ring for the thickness of the cover glass, which could be used for observation in petri dishes. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Microscope single-lens reflex interface
The reference mentioned that some microscopes were equipped with a single-lens reflex mount. For example, the Phoenix XSP - 36 biological microscope had a single-lens reflex mount, the Phoenix RH50 - 3A43L-PL biological microscope had a single-lens reflex mount, and the Saga Binocular Professional Microscope 1600X could be connected to a single-lens reflex mount (similar to the function of a single-lens reflex mount). However, there was no detailed explanation of the single-lens reflex mount. I'm sorry, but I don't know how to answer further based on the information I found. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Scanning electron microscope photography malfunction
Scanning electron microscope photography may have a variety of faults. The following are some common faults and related analysis: - ** Poor tube vacuum **: When the tube vacuum is poor, the 30kV-high voltage will be added to the grid cap for a few minutes, and the tube will be seriously polluted. The tube vacuum will directly affect the normal operation of the scanning electron microscope. Because the tube has a high vacuum, the 5 - 30 volts high voltage can work under good conditions, so the high-brightness electron gun can obtain a thinner electron probe. According to the working principle of the vacuum system, the flow chart of high and low vacuum fault analysis could be sorted out and drawn, and the part discrimination method could be used to check step by step, narrow the scope, and find the fault. - ** Weak image signal, small contrast **: When this kind of fault occurs, it may be caused by many factors. If the acceleration voltage is not selected properly, it is necessary to select a suitable acceleration voltage for samples with different conductivity, stability, and vulnerability. Otherwise, the observed image is not the true appearance of the sample. For samples with good electrical and thermal conductivity, such as metals, a higher voltage can be used for observation, such as 10 volts and above; for some samples with poor electrical conductivity but relatively stable, a medium acceleration voltage can be used, such as about 5 volts; for some samples that are easy to damage, such as high molecular materials, biological materials, etc., a lower voltage may be needed, such as 2 volts or below. - ** Interferential signal appears when observing the image **: Internal interference may be due to circuit self-oscillation, high-voltage ignition, large power ripple, etc. You can start from the three sets of low voltage of the vertical amplifier. If it is determined that the power supply itself has self-excited oscillation, it can be solved by adding a vibration elimination circuit between the two stages of the difference amplifier to reduce the output ripple to less than 15 millivolts. The sawtooth output wave is normal, thus eliminating the net interference on the screen. - ** Aspect problem **: Image dispersion affects image clarity, especially when taking high-resolution pictures (such as taking high-resolution pictures with high acceleration voltage and low beam current). The image would be stretched and deformed during the focusing process, losing its original shape. When the image of the scanning electron microscope showed some aberrations, the image would be stretched when it was focused. Antagonism required the experimenter to have a wealth of operational experience in order to accurately identify and eliminate the image. - ** Phenomenon of carbon deposit **: After observing an area for a period of time, there may be obvious carbon deposits on the surface of the sample. The surface of the particles seems to have a "thin film", which will affect the photo effect of the sample and reduce the clarity of the image. It will also affect the accuracy of the energy spectrum analysis of light elements. The main source of carbon deposits was the sample.(contact with grease and other impurities during preparation or storage), electron microscope components (for example, the vacuum system of the scanning electron microscope has an oil pump, and a trace of oil vapor enters the electron microscope chamber; improper operation may cause the sample to pollute the accessories, etc.), operators (contact with samples and accessories may cause pollution), electron microscope room environment (electron microscope and samples are exposed to a dusty environment for a long time, or powder sample preparation in the electron microscope room may cause powder floating pollution), etc. In response to these situations, corresponding measures could be taken, such as cleaning and drying the contaminated samples with alcohol and other organic liquids; for the vacuum system of the Feiner electron microscope, which was an oil-free mechanical pump, the user should properly keep the sample cup, store it in a sealed bag or a clean box when not in use, and wear gloves to avoid grease contamination during operation; the operator should wear gloves or use clean sample preparation tools to operate; do not perform powder sample preparation in the electron microscope room, etc. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Shifting lens photography
Tilt-shift photography, also known as tilt-shift photography, was a photography method that used a shift-shift lens to create a work. The characteristics of shift-lens photography were closely related to the characteristics of shift-lens. The most notable feature of the shift-axis lens was that it could shift, tilt, or rotate the main optical axis of the entire photographic lens while maintaining the position of the camera body and the film plane, thereby adjusting the perspective relationship of the photographed image or achieving full-area focusing. The reference clear image field was larger to ensure that the main optical axis of the lens could still obtain a clear image. It was also known as the "TS" lens ("TS" is the English "tilt and shift"),"oblique lens","shift lens" and so on. The main functions of shift-lens photography were as follows: 1. Correct perspective distortion: Reflect clearly in architectural photography. For example, when using a wide-angle focal length lens to shoot the shape of a building, the lines of the building's shape would converge upward due to the perspective effect of the near and far. However, when using a shift-axis lens to shoot, it could rely on its perspective adjustment function to correct this line convergence phenomenon, so that the building remained vertical in the picture, avoiding the feeling of tilting or even tilting. 2. [Realization of regional focus: Commonly used in commercial photography for product advertisements.] By combining the pan and tilt shooting functions of the lens, while correcting the perspective distortion of the subject, it can achieve a full-area focusing effect that is difficult to achieve with ordinary photographic lenses, so that the subject near and far in the picture can form a clear image. The photos and videos taken by the shift-lens photography were like miniature models, which could fully express the feeling of a "man-made city", which was unique and interesting. After using the shift-axis photographic lens on the 35mm single-lens reflex camera, it could be equipped with the function of a large-scale combined camera to control the perspective by adjusting the leather cavity, thus expanding the scope of use of this camera. It played a major role in the field of professional photography. For example, Canon's 135mm system's original, most widely used shift-axis lens, the ts-e 17mm4L, was regarded as an artifact. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
lens flare photography
The lens halo was a common phenomenon in photography. It was caused by the lens group consisting of multiple lenses. Although the lens had high penetration, there was reflection and scattering. The light rays that did not maintain the same direction as the incident light formed a halo, and the internal reflection and scattering of the lens were the main reasons. ** 1. The factors that affect the formation of lens halos ** 1. ** Shot structure ** - The more complicated the lens structure, the more halos appeared in the image. 2. ** Focus ** - Wide-angle lenses could deal with halos better because a short focal length would make the light source look small. Telephoto lenses performed poorly and needed to be equipped with a longer hood because telephoto lenses would magnify the picture elements. 3. ** Film coating ** - Different brands of lens coating technology were different, such as Canon's NAC coating, Nikon's NCC coating, Fuji's SuperEBG coating, Zeiss 'T* coating, Pentax's Smc coating technology, etc. Multi-layer coating lens components had a greater impact on the lens halo. 4. ** Color filter quality ** - Poor quality filter would cause more light spots and ghosting in the image, which would affect the lens flare. 5. ** Dust on the lens ** - Dust inside the lens would cause more lens halos, and all lenses would accumulate dust. ** 2. Ways to avoid lens flare ** 1. ** Use the hood ** - Most lenses would be equipped with a hood, which could prevent light from shining directly on the front mirror of the lens, effectively avoiding glare, and also protect the lens in the event of a slight impact. Petal shaped lens hoods usually had a better effect than non-petal (round) lens hoods because the petal hood took into account the aspect ratio of the camera film or digital sensor. 2. ** Cover ** - When shooting, use leaves, buildings, or body parts of the character (such as the head, shoulders, etc.) to block some direct light. You can also put your hand on the lens to block the sunlight (the hand forms a "C" shape and adjust the angle until the halo disappears, but be careful not to block the lens). 3. ** Use a fixed-focus lens instead of a zoom lens ** - The structure of a fixed-focus lens was simpler than a zoom lens. There were fewer optical components and less lens halos in the image. The structure of the zoom lens was complicated. The hood could not block all stray light at all focal lengths. There were more reflective inner surfaces inside, which made it easier for the lens to glow. 4. ** Changing the angle of the camera ** - Changing the shooting angle could change the position of the light source in the lens to prevent direct sunlight from entering the lens and eliminate the lens halo. It could also be recomposed to block the light source from the elements in the picture. If the halo was strong when it was backlit, the halo would be weaker when it was changed to side backlit. ** 3. Techniques of Using the Halo of the Shot ** 1. ** Change the angle of the sun to shoot ** - When taking photos with a lens halo, you can move the shooting position left and right to block the light from the target or part of the object. If the sun was behind the subject, the subject would be more attractive under the glow of the lens. 2. ** Shooting with a zoom lens and hood removed ** - To highlight the lens halo effect, you can use a zoom lens and a wide-angle lens instead of a fixed-focus lens. 3. ** Confirm and plan the position of the lens flare in the image ** - Because the lens halo might make the photo beautiful in some corners of the picture, but not necessarily in other positions, it was necessary to outline the shooting angle and the angle of the light to take an interesting photo. 4. ** Create the required light source ** - If you can't find an ideal light source, you can create it with photography methods, such as lamps, light bulbs, studio lights, or flashes. 5. ** Find the right time to shoot ** - Light at different times had different characteristics. The light in the morning was softer. Understanding the characteristics of natural light could make interesting photos. Light at different times could bring different emotions to the image. 6. ** Backlight Shooting ** - In order to have a lens halo, the image was shot using backlighting photography, such as backlighting to create an edge light or silhouette image. 7. ** Try to move the corner to adjust the light reflection ** - Moving the corner to adjust the amount of light reflection can get the reflected light that is suitable for the image content, such as water reflection or light passing through the bridge hole. Backlight photography may require manual focus because the camera will capture areas with darker light sources. 8. ** Try different apertures ** - When adjusting the aperture, the reflected light will produce different effects. Try different apertures to get the desired effect. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Impressionist photography lens
Impressionism photography originated from the Impressionism painting. In the early days, Impressionists used soft focus lenses to obtain soft and hazy images, which was a manifestation of the use of impressionist photography lenses. In modern impressionist photography, ordinary lenses could be used to create an impressionist style through some shooting techniques. For example, when using the lens, use the defocus method to pull the lens out of focus, use the aperture priority mode, and set the lens to the largest aperture.(Small numbers, such as f/2.4 or f/4) to obtain a very shallow depth of field, then switch to manual focus and turn the focus ring until the picture is blurred. By changing the focus of the same scene, you can find the degree of blurring that is suitable for the subject. You can also use the zoom lens to perform zooming and zooming continuous shooting or zooming blurring operations. When shooting, you can change the focal length of the lens (zooming in or out), so that the lens is blurred from the center to the outside, creating an impressionistic photography effect. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Private photography lens
Generally, when taking private photos indoors, many photographers would choose 28mm and 35mm fixed-focus lenses for shooting because the distortion of the ultra-wide-angle lens was too serious. Among them, 28mm f1.4 was known as the best lens for shooting private photos. Its focal length was wide enough to achieve the blurring effect. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reflex lens photography
The works shot with a reflective lens had a unique effect. For example, the wild cypress flowers in Northeast China shot by Nikon Z8 with NiSi 250mm F5.6 ReflexTF lens, as well as the peony flowers under the backlighting shot by this lens, presented a hazy, dreamy and gentle effect; peony flowers and barnyard grass could be covered with dewdrops, and the roadside flowers under the backlighting with the morning sun sprinkled on them were particularly dazzling; The picture of the path in the pear tree garden was taken through this lens with five multiple exposure shots. The picture was soft and transparent, with comfortable retro warm colors. It looked calm, clean, and more like an oil painting atmosphere. These works could display the unique haziness effect of the lens. When the point light source in the background or when there were dewdrops on the grass or ripples on the river under the backlighting, the highlights would form a charming ring-shaped defocused " donut ". The more highlights outside the depth of field, the brighter the donut effect would be. At the same time, it could also show the retro and unrestrained two-line effect. Its tone and color were unique, giving it a sense of oil painting and presenting an artistic two-line touch. The soft, retro oil painting's tones and shades gave off a dreamy effect. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Landscape photography lens
In landscape photography, different types of lenses had their own characteristics and uses. ** 1. Wide-angle lens ** 1. ** Specialties ** - It provides a wide field of vision and can include the entire landscape into the picture, from the front to the horizon. - With the widest depth of field, it can focus on the entire scenery, so that the front and back scenes of the subject can be clearly reproduced on the screen. - Distortion would magnify the objects in the background, showing close-up details, and emphasizing the guide lines, enhancing the dynamic of the composition. 2. ** Exemplary recommended shots ** - Nikon Z14 - 24mm F2.8S: An all-round upgrade. Its design and performance surpass the same type of lens with a single-lens reflex mount. It is no longer a big bulb design. Its size and weight are greatly reduced. It weighs only 650g. It comes with two disassembled hoods and a rear filter slot. It is excellent in glare, distortion, and dispersion control. - Canon RF15 - 35F2.8LIS USM: A super wide-angle lens with excellent image quality and optical performance. The wide-angle end is wider by 1mm, and the viewing angle is increased to 110°. It has a non-bulb structure design, 82 filter size, reduced cost, and a weight of 840g. It has good anti-glare performance. It is equipped with optical image stabilization to achieve 1/2 second hand-held shooting. - SIGMA16 - 28mm F2.8DG Continental: Picture quality comparable to Tamron 17 - 28mm F2.8, focal length 1mm wider than 17 - 28mm. - You could also consider a 16 - 35 wide-angle zoom lens. ** 2. Telephoto lens ** 1. ** Specialties ** - A narrow field of view, suitable for trimming excess elements and focusing on small but beautiful scenes, such as the curve of a mountain, the reflection of a pond in the distance, or the silhouette of a tree. - It could compress the space, making it easier to highlight the main body. It was easy to get started, and the composition was extremely flexible. It had the ability to make deductions. 2. ** Exemplary recommended shots ** - 70 - 200mm focal length: - Tenglong 70 - 200 (G2): Fast focusing speed, improved edge quality, brand new price 7490 yuan. - Sony users could choose the 70 - 180mm (A056) from Tenglong, priced at 6890 yuan. From the MTF curve, the sharpness of the 70mm end and 180mm end was close to the original 70 - 200GM. - Canon users with high cost-performance ratio could choose the White Rabbit EF70 - 200mm f/2.8L IS II USM (second generation), and the second-hand quality was more than 7000 yuan; those with weight requirements could choose the 70 - 200mm f/4L IS II USM; Canon non-reflective users could choose the lightweight RF70 - 200F4, and those who pursued higher directly chose the RF70 - 200F2.8. - Nikon users could choose to use the Electromagnetic Gun or the 70 - 200 Z-mount. - If the users didn't mind the focus and weight, the 70 - 200F2.8 first-generation model was very cost-effective. After the second-generation model was released, the first-generation model would have a small price reduction. The second-generation model was 29% lighter than the first-generation model and the difference in focus. - 100 - 400mm focal length: - The sub-factory's Sigma100 - 400 and Tenglong 100 - 400 could be selected. They were suitable for shooting birds when they were occasionally idle and lotus flowers during the lotus season. The Sigma100 - 400mm part of the sharpness for the Sony-compatible users was higher, but the focus was slow and the light was slightly weak. It could be used as a tourist attraction. The Nikon Z100 - 400mm F4.5 - 5.6 VR S had fast focusing speed and no shortcomings. It was the top lens of its type. The quality of the lens was good from the center to the edge. The anti-glare, dispersion control, and dark angle control were in place. It was suitable for shooting sunrise and sunset in landscape photography. It also had twice the effect with half the effort in broad scenes such as mountains and grasslands. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
photography homework, single-lens reflex photography
Here are some tips on how to use DSLR cameras for photography homework: ** 1. The camera settings ** 1. ** Shooting Mode ** - Try to use manual mode. Manual mode allowed the photographer to precisely control the camera's parameters according to the specific shooting scene and needs, while automatic mode might not be able to meet some special shooting requirements. 2. ** White Balance Setting ** - If there was a color difference in the photo, it might be caused by the use of household light bulbs or the camera's default automatic white balance setting was inaccurate. In this case, you can try to set the white balance to daylight mode, or try to take a photo in all other white balance modes to compare which mode is closer to the actual color. 3. ** Setting of the sensitivity ** - For example, the higher the value, the brighter the photo, but at the same time, the more likely it was to have noise. It needed to be adjusted together with other values (such as aperture, shutter speed, etc.). For example, for a small object, you can set it to 200, and for a large object, you can set it to 400. 4. ** Exposing settings ** - The exposure value was displayed as-0.7,-0.3, 0, 0.3, 0.7, 1, etc. The higher the value, the brighter the photo. You can set the exposure value to 0.3 during the test shoot. 5. ** Shutter Speed Setting ** - Shutter speeds such as 1/60, 1/80, 1/100, 1/125, etc. The smaller the decimal value, the slower the speed, the more light entering the camera, and the brighter the photo taken. 6. ** Aperture setting ** - The smaller the aperture value, the larger the aperture. The more light entered, the brighter the photo. The larger the aperture value, the smaller the aperture. The less light entered, the darker the photo. It was important to note that the aperture and aperture value were in inverse proportion. The value on the camera was the aperture value, and the result after the adjustment was the aperture. For example, a photo taken with an aperture value of 3 is brighter than a photo taken with an aperture value of 6. ** 2. Shooting Techniques ** 1. ** Composing Skills ** - Diagonal composition, triangular composition, and other methods could be used to make the picture more beautiful and stable. He could also try the full-body composition method. - When shooting, you can stagger the composition or capture the moment when the character walks by to create a picture-in-picture effect. 2. ** Basic principles of filming ** - To make the photo have a clear and distinct theme, whether it was a person, a still life, or an event, it needed to be clearly expressed to avoid ambiguity or all-encompassing. - A good photo must draw attention to the subject so that the audience could immediately notice the core of the photographer's intention. - It made the photo more concise and removed those elements that couldn't set off the subject or even distract attention. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>