Basic knowledge of cameras, sensitivity
The sensitivity, also known as the Iso-value, was a measure of the sensitivity of the film (in a film camera, it depends on the film used) or the light-sensitive element of a digital camera to light. In May 1981, the International Organization for Standardisation, which was based on the ADC and SIN systems, unified the ADC/SIN system, which became the standard of the global photography industry. In the film era, the USB was an internationally unified indicator to measure the speed of film used in traditional cameras. The value was fixed and determined by the properties of the film itself. When buying the film, the packaging would have an USB value label, such as USB 100, USB 200, etc. In the digital era, digital cameras used the concept of film sensitivity to define the parameters of the USB, and its value could be freely set within a certain range. The sensitivity level was in a multiplying relationship, such as the sensitivity of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, etc. The sensitivity difference between adjacent ISOs was doubled, and the higher the number, the higher the sensitivity. Generally speaking, the sensitivity of the light was low below 800 (2017), medium between 800 - 6400 (2017), and high above 6400 (2017). The higher the camera's IS value, the higher the sensitivity, and the stronger the sensitivity of the sensor to light. Under the same aperture and shutter, the photo taken would be brighter. On the contrary, the lower the IS value, the lower the sensitivity, and the darker the photo. At the same time, the sensitivity directly affected the exposure, depth, brightness, and noise level of the photo. Usually, when the sensitivity is lower (such as below 400), the picture is relatively pure. As the sensitivity increases (above 400), the noise and mottled color will gradually increase. For example, the noise and mottled color increase at the turning point of the 400, 800, and 1600. However, with the development of science and technology, the newly released high-end cameras may still have strong image performance at high Iso (such as 6400 and above). Read more exciting novels for free
Basic Knowledge of Metaphysical Knowledge
He recommended a few good novels. " Heaven's Path Forum " was a fantasy novel written by me. After Luochuan transmigrated, he found that the secret realms opened by the Heaven's Path Forum were very familiar. For example, the martial arts and martial arts worlds. He originally thought that it was a book similar to a cultivation chat group, but it turned out to be in the language of ten thousand worlds. It could be used to cultivate from a low-level martial arts realm to a high-level martial arts realm. It was just that the chapters were a little short. " Yearning for Life " was Hu Daodao's work. Su Bai transmigrated to become an intern director and finally became a big shot in the entertainment industry. There were many characters and the information about them was very detailed. " Dark Arts Immortal Gate " was a Xianxia novel written by Yin Wei. The little beggar relied on the jade pendant and Taisui to embark on the path of immortal cultivation. He went from the sects of the Tang Empire to the overseas of China. It had a unique style, such as the summoning of beasts and magic treasures. The moves were very powerful. " It's clearly a water shadow, but it doesn't even know how to use water escape." It was a light novel written by the Sunset Songster. It was very interesting when the main character was hunted down and ridiculed. "Douluo: Travelling through Qian Xun Ji, Megaturing Bibi Dong", composed by Elegant Ending, Qian Xun Ji traveled through Douluo Continent, bound to the system to conquer the continent, with many characters and wonderful plots. While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!
Line Array Cameras Knowledge
A line array camera was a camera that used a line array image sensor. The image sensor was mainly a CCD-based camera. In 2012, a line array LCD image sensor appeared on the market, but the line array CCD-based camera was still the mainstream. The line array image sensor was divided into two types, namely, a color camera and a color camera. In principle, a line array industrial camera was a special form of a two-dimensional image sensor. When it worked, it would shoot moving objects, convert the captured optical signals into digital signals, store and process them, and finally generate a two-dimensional image. Its working process includes: the optical system uses a lens to image an object on a linear array chip composed of light sensitive elements; during the photo-electric conversion, the picture elements generate different voltage signals according to the brightness, and the complete image is obtained after integration; then the data acquisition card transforms the simulated electric signal into a digital signal and stores it in a computer; finally, the computer processes and analyses the image to obtain the detection and measurement results. The common parameters of the line array industrial camera are as follows: 1. ** Line frequency **: The camera's shooting speed is usually defined by the number of images taken per second. It is a special frame rate. It is targeted at a few rows of pixels-based CMOS. The camera's shooting speed can reach tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of images per second. It is usually expressed in Kilosecond. 2. ** Line height **: In actual application, an image is captured after every X line. X line is the line height, which is the "height" of the image. 3. ** Triggering method **: Including line triggering and frame triggering. Line trigger was a line of images taken by the line array camera after receiving the line trigger signal. It was suitable for scenes with uneven motion speed or special imaging techniques. The frame trigger was a frame of images taken after receiving the frame trigger signal (the line height could be customized). It was suitable for shooting objects with relatively uniform motion. 4. ** Perfect line frequency **: Only when matched with the movement speed can a clear image be taken. The ideal line frequency is different for each application. In terms of sensors, most of them used MOS in the 1970s. At the end of the 1970s, CCDs began to develop rapidly and became mainstream. In the mid-1980s, mos appeared. In the early days, the image acquisition speed of CCDs was lower than that of mos. Before 2010, the price of mos sensors was higher than that of CCDs. After that, major camera manufacturers vigorously developed mos cameras and obtained many practical applications. In the future, mos sensors might become the mainstream of line array cameras. There were differences in image acquisition speed and sensitivity between the two. The resolution of a line array camera was mostly only reflected in the horizontal direction. For example, a 2048-pixel-long line array camera had 2048 horizontally, and most of the vertical direction was 1 (except for the cameras of the RGH and the PDI). Its important parameters also included resolution (number of resolution), MAX DATA RATE (the maximum amount of data that the camera can take per second), and so on. For example, a camera with 8192*1 and a data rate of 160Mhm would have a line frequency of 160M/8192 = 19000line/second. In addition, the choice of camera would affect the overall cost of the equipment. A large number of cameras required a large lens, a large amount of data required a data cable with a high transmission rate, an image processing card, and high requirements for computing and computers. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Basic knowledge of novels
The basic knowledge of the novel was as follows: A novel is a literary genre that is usually composed of a series of stories, each of which has its own protagonist and plot. A novel could be an independent literary work or a gift or attachment to other literary works. Fictions often use fictional plots and characters to express the author's views and thoughts. The novel can be about any subject, including romance, adventure, history, science fiction, horror, and realism. The common types of novels include science fiction, horror novels, historical novels, romance novels, detective novels, science fiction, and so on. Fictions are usually narrated in first or third person, which means that the author can directly describe the feelings, thoughts and actions of himself or the characters he/she is describing. The language of a novel is usually very vivid, vivid, concise, and infectious in order to better convey the author's views and feelings. The creation of a novel usually requires a long period of preparation and exploration. It requires the author to have a wealth of knowledge and experience in order to create a fascinating story and unique characters. The novel can influence people's thoughts, feelings and values, so it is widely read and studied.
The Basic Knowledge of Prose
Prose is a literary genre that is free, flexible, and lyric-based. It often uses freestyle, argumentative, narrative, and narrative techniques to express the author's emotions and thoughts. It does not pay attention to structure or rhythm. Prose is not limited by time and space, and can be written anytime and anywhere. It can be a diary, an essay, a long novel, a poem, etc. Prose is a form of literature that is often used to describe characters, scenery, emotions, and thoughts. It is one of the most popular forms of literature.
Basic knowledge of scripts
The basic knowledge of the script was as follows: A script is a document describing the plot, scenes, characters, and actions of a movie or television series. It is usually written by the director, screenwriter, and actors. The structure of a script was usually divided into three parts: the beginning, the middle, and the end. The opening was usually the introduction of the characters and background information, the middle part was the development of the plot, and the end was the conclusion and climax. The characters in the script usually had basic information such as name, age, gender, personality, goals, and motives. There were also clear lines of action and dialogue. The scenes in the script usually have information such as location, time, climate, and atmosphere, and they need to correspond to the characters and the plot. The action scenes in the script needed to have clear action designs, including attack, defense, pursuit, murder, and so on. The language of the script should be clear, concise, rhythmic and musical so that the audience can better understand and enjoy the movie or TV series. The review and modification of the script was very important. It required the participation and review of the director, scriptwriter, producer, and other parties.
Basic knowledge of calligraphy
Calligraphy was an important part of Chinese culture. It was an art form that used words as a tool to express the author's unique artistic style and aesthetic concept through the use of pen and ink. The following is the basic knowledge of calligraphy: 1. Calligraphy font classification: Calligraphy font can be classified according to the thickness of the strokes, the curvature and the beauty of the font. Common calligraphy font types include regular script, running script, cursive script, official script, seal script, etc. 2. The characteristics of calligraphy strokes: The strokes of calligraphy should be smooth, flexible, powerful, and rhythmic. Common strokes included lifting, pressing, turning, folding, arc, circle, square, and so on. 3. Tools for calligraphy creation: The main tools for calligraphy creation are brushes, but there are also pens, pens, and pens. 4. The artistic features of calligraphy: The artistic features of calligraphy include the use of pen, ink, the relationship between words, rhythm, artistic conception, etc. Among them, the relationship between the brush, ink, and words was the basic element of calligraphy. Rhythm and artistic conception were the higher realm of calligraphy. 5. Calligraphy schools and representatives: There are many schools of calligraphy: traditional calligraphy schools and modern calligraphy schools. Traditional calligraphy schools mainly include regular script, running script, cursive script, official script, etc. Modern calligraphy schools include fountain pen calligraphy, pencil calligraphy, fountain pen calligraphy, etc. The representatives included Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Yan Zhenqing, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, and so on. History and Development of Calligraphy: Calligraphy originated from China's long history and experienced a long development process. The earliest calligraphy could be traced back to the Warring States Period. With the development of the written language, calligraphy gradually became an independent art form. Nowadays, calligraphy had become an important part of Chinese traditional culture and was deeply loved and respected by people.
Basic knowledge of stocks
The basic knowledge of stocks included the stock market, stock types, account opening, stock trading time, stock terms, and so on. China's stock trading mainly consisted of the Shanghai stock exchange, the Shen Zhen stock exchange, the Beijing stock exchange, and the New Third Board over-the-counter market. Among the types of stocks, A shares were shares issued by companies in China for domestic institutions, organizations, or individuals to purchase and trade in RMB. To buy stocks, one first needed to open an account. The stock trading hours were 9:30-11:30 and 13:00-15:00. You can learn about stock terms and other related knowledge through learning courses, video courses, and so on.
Basic knowledge of literature
Basic knowledge of literature includes many aspects. The following are some common concepts and terms: 1. Fictions: A literary work that focuses on stories, usually using the characters, plot, and theme as the main means of expression. 2. Literature works: refers to literary works that exist in the form of words, such as novels, poems, essays, etc. 3. Literature genre: refers to different literary styles and creative methods such as romanticism, realism, and realism. 4. Literature form: It refers to the forms of literary works such as novels, poems, essays, etc. 5. Literature classics: refers to literary works that have been widely recognized and worshipped in history, such as Dream of the Red Chamber, Water Margins, Journey to the West, etc. 6. Literature theory: refers to the theory of analyzing and explaining literary works, such as literary theory, symbolism, expressionism, etc. 7. History of literature: refers to the history of the study and summary of the development of literature, such as modern Chinese literature, foreign literature, etc. 8. It refers to those who create literary works, such as shakespeare, cao Xueqin, etc. 9. Works: Hamlet, War and Peace, etc. Literature value: refers to the contribution and value of literary works to society and mankind, such as "Miserable World","The Catcher in the Rye", etc.
Basic photography knowledge
Here are some basic photography knowledge: 1. ** Equipment selection **: If you just want to experience photography, a portable camera can satisfy your needs. If you want to learn photography in depth, you can use a mobile phone or portable camera to learn composition, lighting, and post-color adjustment skills. After you have some experience, you can buy a professional camera. 2. [Familiar with the equipment: The camera manual is a good helper for understanding the operation of the camera. Many basic operating knowledge is introduced in detail in the manual.] 3. [Find the subject: Don't think that beautiful scenery is only in the distance. Pay attention to the details around you and be good at discovering the shooting materials around you.] 4. [Focus on practice: No matter how many photography works and tutorial you read, it's not as rewarding as going out and taking real shots.] 5. ** Imitate excellent works **: By imitating the composition and lighting techniques of excellent photography works, you can effectively improve your photography skills. 6. ** Master Shooting Techniques ** - ** Stabilizing Equipment **: Hold the phone or camera firmly with both hands to avoid blurring the picture due to shaking during the shooting process. - ** Precise Focus **: Use autofocus first. When there is insufficient light, you can focus manually. Focus on the subject. - ** Pay attention to the details of the character shooting **: Pay attention to the expression and posture of the character when shooting the character, ensure the integrity of the character's image (control the half body, whole body, and close-up), avoid cutting the key points of the character (such as the neck, knees, ankles, fingers, etc.), and pay attention to not placing sharp objects on the head of the character or crossing the neck. - ** Control the exposure **: Make sure the image exposure is accurate. It can't be too dark or too bright. The phone will usually adjust automatically. - ** Maintain Level **: When shooting objects such as buildings, pay attention to maintaining the horizontal line horizontally and vertically (except for special wide-angle distortion effects). - ** Balance the main body of the picture **: You can use the nine-square grid composition, the middle composition, and other methods to place the focus of the shooting on the three-point line or the four focal points of the nine-square grid, or place the main body in the middle position to avoid the main body being in the corner. - ** Keep the image simple **: Remove unnecessary items from the image to make it simple and clean. - ** Choose a suitable angle **: Try shooting from a variety of angles, such as up, down, squatting, and lying down. Don't just shoot from a standing position. - ** Depth-of-field effect **: Make good use of the depth of field function of the phone to highlight the main body of the picture and blur the messy picture through the small depth of field. - ** Using white space technique **: avoid too many elements entering the picture, adhere to the principle of minimalism, use white space to make the picture clean and tidy, and highlight the subject. - ** Use line composition **: Find the lines of the object to be photographed, and use cross-composition, parallel composition, and other methods to take an orderly and regular picture. - ** Use frame composition **: Place the character in the frame of a door or window, and guide the line of sight into the frame to highlight the main body. - [Use Light]: Learn how to use light such as backlighting, fairing, and silhouette. 7. ** Post-processing **: Simple computer post-processing such as color matching and cutting can help to improve the quality of the work, but it cannot be overdone. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Basic knowledge of photography
Here are some examples of basic photography questions: ** 1. Multiple choice questions ** 1. Who invented the daguerretta in August 1839?（ ） A. Daguerre B. other characters 2. The basic functions of photography did not include which of the following?（ ） A. Record B. Spread C. Creating new objects The expression of aesthetics, art and time 3. The basic requirements for photography were: A. Light B. C. model 4. Under the condition of incandescent light, the color tone of the image would be () if the daylight reversal film was used without any filter. A. Blue B. reddish yellow 5. Which of the following is the symbol of a digital camera?（ ） A. DC B. DV 6. The international standard light sensitivity standard symbol is (). A. ASA B. ISO C. GB 7. The following statement about the shutter is correct (). A. The shutter is a device that controls the length of time the light enters the focal plane of the camera B. The shutter speed is independent of the amount of light entering the camera C. The shutter only affects the color of the photo ** 2. Explanation of terms ** 1. Depth of Field: When focusing on a certain scene, the place is the clearest. The clear range before and after the scene is called the depth of field. 2. Standard lens: A lens with a focal length equal to or slightly greater than the length of the film's diagonal. 3. Short focal length lens: A lens with a focal length smaller than the length of the film diagonally. 4. Long focal length lens: A lens with a focal length greater than the diagonal length of the film. 5. View finder: A device on a camera that can select the range of the scene and has other functions. 6. Object distance: The distance between the subject and the node in front of the camera. 7. Latitude: The ability of photographic film to record the brightness difference of the scene according to the ratio and accurately represent the brightness level of the scene. 8. Granularity: The feeling of silver salt particles in the human eye. 9. Natural Light: A naturally formed light source. 10. Latent image: An invisible latent image produced by a film after it has been exposed in a camera and has not been developed. 11. Development: The process of making the latent image of a photographic material visible after exposure with a developer. 12. Fixing: After development, remove the unsensitive silver Halide and fix the sensitive silver Halide to stabilize the image. 13. Standard Gray: The gray tone produced by 18% reflection, also known as the middle gray of Zone V, is the benchmark for exposure. 14. Pan-Color Film: A black and white film that is sensitive to all seven colors. 15. Film: It is a kind of light-sensitive material that can record images. After a certain chemical treatment, the image can be fixed. 16. [Focus distance: The vertical distance between the second node and the focal plane when a scene that is infinitely far away forms a clear image on the focal plane.] 17. exposure tolerance: The tolerance of photographic film for improper exposure. 18. "CCD-Charge Coupled Device: The light-sensing device of a digital camera. 19. LCD: Liquid Crystal Monitor. 20. MC: Multi-layer coating logo for camera lens. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>