Jade Artifacts of Han Dynasty in Shanghai Aurora Museum
The Aurora Museum in Shanghai has a collection of jade artifacts from the Han Dynasty. One of them was a jade divine beast of the Han Dynasty. It lowered its body and stretched its body, like a lion or tiger quietly approaching its prey before attacking and preparing to attack at any time. Its body was beautiful and its expression was agile. It was a rare fine jade artifact of the Han Dynasty. There was also a collection of bird-headed mythical beasts of the Han Dynasty. They had bird heads, beast bodies, horns, and wings. There were no similar animals in reality. There was also a dragon-phoenix-patterned jade pendant. During the Western Han Dynasty, the jade pendant gradually evolved from the initial hook string to a decorative ornament. There was also the Longevity Bi, which was made of green topaz and had a regular body. It was decorated with regular patterns of milk Ding. At the edge of the wall, it was carved with a combination pattern of a dragon carrying the word "Longevity". It was speculated that it was related to the concept of longevity. This kind of shape, which combined the characters of the seal script and jade Bi, only appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In addition, there was also a feather cup, carved from the whole jade. The jade was green and white, with reddish-brown spots on some parts. The cup was oval like a boat, and there were bridge ears on both sides of the long edge for holding. Read more exciting novels for free
On the Jade Artifacts in the Tombs of the Han Dynasty
The jades in the tombs of the Han Dynasty had many characteristics. ** 1. Source ** 1. ** Legacy of the previous dynasty ** - Due to the short history of the Qin Dynasty and the close proximity of the Warring States Period and the Western Han Dynasty, most of the jade ornaments unearthed from the tombs of the nobles in the early Western Han Dynasty had obvious characteristics of the Warring States Period. Some of them were even jade ornaments directly preserved from the Warring States Period. For example, a jade dancer unearthed from the tomb of Liu He, Marquis of Haiying in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, was a relic of the late Warring States Period. The jade pieces inlaid on the lacquer wood core jade pillow unearthed from the tomb of the courtier of the King of Chu in Lion Mountain, Xuzhou, covered all kinds of jade pendants from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period. - The palace of the Han Dynasty inherited the treasures of the previous dynasty, including many jade articles. For example,"Han Shu·Suburban Sacrifice Annals" records that the "Suihou"(Suihou Pearl) and "Yubao Bi"(Heshi Bi) in Weiyang Palace during the reign of Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty may be the pearls and jade collected in the former dynasty. 2. ** Project and Grave Robbing Gains ** - In the Han Dynasty, there were "large-scale infrastructure" activities, such as the construction of Changling and the tomb of Liu Yan, the king of Zhongshan Jian. Many tombs were destroyed in these projects, and the jade articles in them may have been passed down. - Grave robbing was prevalent in the Han Dynasty. Not only were there lawless people robbing tombs, but even the nobles were also involved. For example, Liu Quji, the king of Guangchuan, robbed the tombs of famous people such as King You of Zhou and King Xiang of Wei. Many jade articles buried in the previous dynasty were passed down as the source of ancient jade in the Han tombs. ** 2. Type and usage ** 1. ** Practicable tools ** - For example, the bronze cup unearthed from the tomb of the King of Nanyue of the Western Han Dynasty in Xianggang Mountain, Guangzhou, has a similar style to the high-foot jade cup unearthed from the site of the Qin Epang Palace in Chezhang Village, western suburb of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. It is a practical instrument used to mix jade chips and dew to drink. 2. ** Ornaments ** - The nobles of the Han Dynasty liked to wear ancient jade, and many of the jade in the tombs of the early Western Han Dynasty had the characteristics of the Warring States Period. For example, the jade dancer unearthed from the tomb of Liu He, Marquis of Haiying in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, was reassembled into a set of accessories by the Han Dynasty people with jade Huang and jade tube for use; the S-shaped dragon white jade pendant unearthed from the tomb of the King of Chu in Lion Mountain, Xuzhou, had holes under the eyes of the jade dragon for wearing, which was an accessory. There were also white jade dragon and phoenix patterns from the early Western Han Dynasty, white jade double dragon heads with hooks, and so on. 3. ** Burial Jade ** - In the Han Dynasty, people would reform the ancient jade of the previous dynasty and use it as burial jade. Craftsmen would make the old jade into jade clothes, jade ornaments, jade covers, and other funerary objects. For example, the lacquer wood core inlaid jade pillow unearthed from the tomb of the courtier of the King of Chu in Lion Mountain of Xuzhou was a burial jade. ** 3. Regional differences ** - The jade artifacts unearthed from the tombs of the Han Dynasty in different areas had different characteristics. For example, due to the hot weather and high air humidity in the tomb of the King of Nanyue in Guangzhou, most of the jade articles unearthed were in a white state, while the jade articles unearthed from the tomb of the King of Chu in Lion Mountain in Xuzhou were quite different. ** 4. In terms of artistic value ** - Jade articles of the Han Dynasty had high artistic value. For example, the green jade wall with the pattern of dragon and dragon holding ring and milk nail in Hebei Museum is the most complete and largest jade wall found in our country at present; There is also the white jade wall with double dragons carved on both sides of the jade wall, with a pair of vigorous and majestic Kui dragons carved on the upper end of the wall; The white feathered man riding on a horse jade carving, the round carving squatting posture jade to ward off evil spirits, jade bear, etc. unearthed from the Weiling Cemetery of Emperor Yuan of Han Dynasty; A large number of exquisite jade articles were unearthed from the tomb of Liu He, the deposed emperor of Han Dynasty; The rosefinch ring cup unearthed from the tomb of a senior official of the Han Dynasty in Fangwanggang, Chaohu, Anhui Province, all showed the exquisite craftsmanship of the jade ware of the Han Dynasty. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Jade Mirror of the Han Dynasty in the Museum
The Han Dynasty jade mirror originated from the Warring States period. It was an ancient jade made to meet the needs of the royal family and nobles. It had high artistic value and historical and cultural value. The layer of skin on its surface was usually called "patina", and the formation process was as follows: 1. Natural Oxidation: Over time, the surface of the jade will react with the oxygen in the air, gradually forming a natural oxide-layer. 2. [Oil Penetration: When ancient people played with jade mirrors for a long time, the oil and sweat on their hands gradually penetrated the surface of the jade and combined with the jade molecules to form an oil film.] 3. Dust cover: Jade exposed to the air for a long time will absorb dust and microorganisms, these substances mixed with grease and the oxygen layer, further forming a patina. 4. [Rubbing and polishing: The constant friction in daily use makes the grease and the oxide-layer more evenly covered on the surface of the jade, finally forming a smooth and warm patina.] This layer of patina increased the beauty of the jade mirror and also reflected its historical and cultural value. In the museum, the jade mirror of the Han Dynasty was part of the precious display of ancient jade articles, jade figures, and ancient jade. An in-depth analysis of the material, craftsmanship, preservation status, historical background, and other aspects of the jade mirror would help to provide valuable reference information for collectors and buyers. At the same time, by studying its market trend and auction cases, it could explore the factors that affected the price, such as historical period, regional culture, market demand, and so on. The novel " Gilded Palm " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Jade Artifacts of the Warring States Period and Han Dynasty Unearthed in Luoyang
110 Fine Jade Artifacts of the Yuan Dynasty
The following are some of the collection's fine jade articles of the Yuan Dynasty: 1. "Dushan Jade Sea: It is a work that can reflect the style and craftsmanship of the jade ware of the Yuan Dynasty. It belongs to the jade sea category and can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty. The production process is complicated and has high artistic and collection value. It is used as a ritual vessel to represent good luck and power. 2. Jade Hat Top with Double Hornless Dragon Patterns: It is a type of jade hat top. Its history can be traced back to the 13th century. It uses hollowed-out carving techniques and is exquisitely made. It is one of the representative works of jade ware in the Yuan Dynasty. It represents noble status and noble status. The shape is exquisite and the carving is exquisite. 3. Yuan carved lioness jade hat top: It is a type of jade hat top. Its history can be traced back to the 13th century. It uses hollowed-out carving techniques and is exquisitely made. It is one of the representative works of jade ware in the Yuan Dynasty. It represents the status and noble status of nobility. The shape is exquisite and the carving is exquisite. 4. [White Jade Couplet Pearl Pattern Cloud Dragon Ring: It belongs to the jade belt ring category. Its history can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. The craftsmanship is exquisite. It is one of the representative works of ancient jade. It represents the status and noble status of nobility. The shape is simple and elegant, and the carving is exquisite.] 5. [White Jade Stove: It is a type of jade stove. Its history can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. The craftsmanship is exquisite. It is one of the representative works of ancient jade, representing nobility and wealth.] 6. Phoenix Peony Jade: Now in the Palace Museum. The jade is bluish-white and has the same patterns on both sides. It is carved with a red phoenix and a peony with twining branches. The phoenix's slender eyes hold a long ribbon tied to a coin-shaped knot. 7. The jade ring with the pattern of hornless dragon is now collected in the Hubei Province Museum. The jade is white with black spots. There is an oval hole in the oval shape. The ring is embossed with the dragon mouth containing ganoderma lucidum. 8. The jade book is now hidden in Lushun Museum. It is blue in color, flat and rectangular in shape. The top is slightly curved, and there are eight round holes on both sides. There is a round hole in the middle of the top. On the right side of the front, there is a vertical regular script "Empress Sheng". 9. Jade hat top with figure pattern: Now stored in the China Cultural Relics Information Center. It is white jade and round carved. The top of the hat is decorated with the Longevity Star, Lotus, and Egret, which symbolizes longevity. The carving technique is unique and there are traces of pipe drilling. 10. Lotus Egret Pattern Jade Hat Top (Collection of the Museum of Liaoning Province): Jade cyan with brown spots, the whole body is carved with lotus flowers and egrets using multiple hollowed-out techniques. 11. Lotus Egret Pattern Jade Hat Top (Collection of the China Cultural Relics Information Center): The jade is white and smooth, round carving, the theme pattern is egrets and lotus, using the color of jade skin to make it, there are two sets of holes at the bottom. 12. The top of a jade hat with a crane and deer figure pattern is now hidden in the Palace Museum. It is made of green jade and carved. On one side, there is a table in the middle of three people. Beside it, there are people playing the piano and standing. On the other side, there are carvings of crane, deer, ganoderma lucidum, pine branches and immortal grass. 13. The top of a jade hat with a dragon pattern is now stored in the China Cultural Relics Information Center. The jade is bluish white. The dragon pattern is a traditional pattern, and the dragon head is raised. The flowers are deeply sunken, and the bottom is slightly concave with two sets of holes. The unique craftsmanship is a typical work of the Yuan Dynasty. However, based on the current information, it was impossible to provide a complete list of the 110 fine jade articles of the Yuan Dynasty in the collection. The above was only a part of the collection of fine jade articles of the Yuan Dynasty. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
How to Appreciate Jade Artifacts and How to Appraise Jade Artifacts
Appreciating and evaluating jade articles can be done from the following aspects: * * 1. Material ** 1. * * Color **: The color of natural jade is natural, and the color distribution is even and natural. The color of dyed jade is gorgeous, regular, and floating on the surface. For example, all kinds of jade should have this natural color characteristic. 2. * * Hand feeling **: Due to the different density, the jade feels different. For example, Hetian jade had a high density, and it felt heavy and cold. Generally, natural jade felt like it was falling when held in the hand, while fake jade was often light and floating. 3. * * Internal structure **: Observing the internal structure of the jade with light, the internal structure of the natural jade is naturally orderly. For example, under the light or sunlight, the internal structure of natural jade looked comfortable, while artificial imitation jade may have obvious artificial traces and even bubbles inside. 4. * * Gravity **: Natural jade has a high density, which can be judged by measuring its gravity. For example, Hetian jade, jade, and other dense jade stones could feel their weight in his hand. * * 2. Styling ** 1. * * Overall styling **: The proportion of the styling should be balanced and harmonious. It should not appear stiff. It should pay attention to the overall beauty. 2. [Details: For a jade with a shape, details are very important. For example, the lines must be smooth, without any broken lines, and the thickness must be uniform and appropriate.] * * 3. Craftsmanship ** 1. * * Pattern **: Pattern is an important part of jade appreciation. It is a form of ancient art. Different periods had different characteristics of decorative patterns, and their complexity might contain the cultural thoughts of the time, which not only helped to determine the generation of jade articles, but also helped to understand the life, culture, and thoughts of the people at that time. Moreover, good jade articles had smooth lines, uniform thickness, and more charm. 2. * * Craftsmanship Difficulty **: For example, some jade carvings of the Han Dynasty have high requirements for artistry, craftsmanship, and material. They can be used as a reference to determine the value of jade. * * 4. Sound ** Hanging the jade with a rope, hanging it in the air and fixing it properly, and then gently knocking it with another jade stone, the sound of natural jade knocking out is clear (as the ancient saying goes, the sound is melodious), but the sound of fake jade knocking out is more muffled. He could also use the jade to knock on the jade to judge by the sound. * * 5. Historical and cultural value ** 1. * * Age **: Jade articles of different ages have different historical and cultural values. For example, the Han Dynasty was the peak period of Chinese jade articles. Jade articles of this period were unique in terms of artistry and craftsmanship. 2. Jade ware is a high-level cultural carrier. It reflects ancient politics, etiquette, commerce, totems, religion, beliefs, and even life customs and aesthetic tastes. It carries rich cultural content. When appreciating and evaluating jade, one had to consider all the above aspects. One could not draw conclusions based on just one factor. If there were still doubts after the initial judgment, the jade could be sent to a professional appraisal agency for appraisal. The appraisal report issued by the formal agency when the merchant sold it could also be used as a reference. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Shanghai Dunhuang Exhibition, Shanghai Art Museum
At the Shanghai Art Museum (China Art Palace), there was an exhibition of Dunhuang art called "Why Dunhuang?" The exhibition opened on September 20, 2024, and lasted for three months until December 20. In the form of "cultural relics + replica of classic caves + murals and colored sculptures", the exhibition gathered 168 sets of cultural relics collected by the Dunhuang Research Institute, including the representative and rare first-class and second-class precious cultural relics and the copies of experts of past dynasties, the original and replicas of the "Sutra Cave", and the cultural relic of the Northern Wei embroidered Buddha statue. Among them,"Beiliang Stone Pagoda", Mogao Grottoes Six-character True Word Stele,"Shengli Stele" and other six cultural relics were exhibited in Shanghai for the first time. There were also six replicated caves of Mogao Grottoes, including Cave 285, Cave 45, Cave 320, Cave 158, Cave 17 and Cave 3. During the exhibition, the China Art Palace will also launch a series of lectures on "Why Dunhuang", inviting experts and scholars in the fields of Dunhuang research, fine arts, literature and literature once every two weeks to lead everyone to appreciate the past and present life of Dunhuang. On the opening day, they will also plan a variety of rich aesthetic education activities covering the whole day, such as hand-made experience, rock painting copying, lacquer art DIY, art talk show, etc. The novel "Gilded Palm" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
What kind of jade is the Han Dynasty jade?
The Han Dynasty jade ware referred to the jade ware from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty. The jade wares of this period had a rich variety of types and unique characteristics. In terms of types, according to the shape and use of the ware, it could be divided into four categories: ceremonial jade, burial jade, decorative jade, and display jade. Among them, there were some changes in the ritual jade compared to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. For example, the six kinds of "auspicious jade" in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties had been abandoned in the Han Dynasty except for Bi and Gui. In terms of craftsmanship, the production tools improved during the Han Dynasty, allowing the jade processing technology to reach a new height. The production of jade articles had broken through the restrictions of the past. The artistic imagination had been released, and the processing skills were rich and varied. For example, there were more round carvings, high embossed, open-cut carvings, and jade articles with thin lines. On the decoration, it changed from abstract to realistic. For example, animal-shaped jade articles, whether they were round carvings or piece carvings, had a lively shape. The lines and patterns had distinct characteristics of the times, like the ancient jade of the Han Dynasty, which had a sharp feeling. Judging from the quality of the jade, after the war, the ancient jade was mainly made of Hetian material in Xinjiang, especially high-quality jade. The higher the grade, the more refined the jade was. The jade ware of this period had a unique style in terms of style, craftsmanship, decoration, and jade quality, reflecting the changes in social changes, customs, and ideas (especially religious ideas) at that time. It played a role in the transition of the history of China jade ware. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Jade ware of Han Dynasty, green jade
The green jade of the Han Dynasty had the following characteristics and meanings: ** 1. Material Characteristics ** 1. ** Elements and causes ** - The material composition of sapphire was the same or similar to that of white jade. The cause of formation was the same as that of white jade. They were both formed by contact metamorphosis, but only because they contained trace elements of iron. 2. ** Color expression ** - The ancients said that the color of sapphire was shrimp green, snot green, willow green, bamboo green and so on. - According to "Ge Gu Lun," the green jade in ancient jade is light green and yellow. ** 2. Physical Attributes ** - It was usually larger, more delicate, warm, and oily. - A portion of the green jade had a very good toughness due to its dense interwoven structure. It was an important raw material for making thin-body utensils. - Among the Hetian jade, green jade was the hardest and was also known as steel jade. ** 3. The embodiment and significance of the jade ware in the Han Dynasty ** 1. ** In terms of ritual vessels ** - "Zhou Li, Spring and Autumn, Da Zong Bo" records: "Jade is used to make six objects, and it is used to worship the four directions of heaven and earth. He used the green jade to salute the sky, the yellow Cong to salute the earth, the green Gui to salute the east, the red Zhang to salute the south, the white Hu to salute the west, and the black Huang to salute the north." Gui was a kind of rectangular jade ware with a triangular or flat top. It was used in ancient times to worship the gods of the position and also to distinguish the status level (as recorded in the historical records,"Wang Zhi Zhen Gui, one foot two inches, Gong Zhi Heng Gui, nine inches." Hou holds the letter Gui, seven inches long. "Five inches"). During the Warring States Period, other than being used as a ritual vessel, the Gui also had the function of recording the alliance oaths of the vassals in order to cooperate with each other and protect their forces. 2. ** Relating to the imperial power ** - Although white jade was valued after the Han Dynasty, green jade was important in the Han Dynasty and before that. Many exquisite artifacts in ancient times were made of green jade, especially the jade seal that represented the imperial power. Therefore, green jade was also called the "Imperial Jade". Sapphire products of the Han Dynasty include holding pigs and so on. Not only were there a large number of green jade products in Liangzhu culture, but also the green jade of Hetian jade was widely used in the jade articles unearthed from Fuhao Tomb in Yin Ruins. 3. ** In terms of cultural implications ** - The Han Dynasty jade feather cup (double-ear cup) had a delicate and warm jade quality, a deep and pure jade color, presenting a strong overall aura, with the meaning of eternal foundation. ** 4. Instance ** - There was a Han Dynasty Sapphire Pig, 10.4 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, which was collected in Lianyungang City Museum. There was also the Han Dynasty style blue jade sword with a scabbard with dragon and phoenix patterns. It was made of Hetian blue jade and had a green and yellow color. It was 65cm long and 8.5 cm wide. It weighed 1434 grams and was composed of two parts, the sword body and the scabbard. The hilt, the sword frame, and other parts had exquisite carvings. This kind of jade sword was even rarer than the bronze sword. At that time, it should be a high-grade, non-practical, ceremonial or sacrificial place. It was used as a medium to show the level and communicate with the gods through jade. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Jade Seal of Han Dynasty
The characteristics of the jade seal of the Han Dynasty included: the seal was mainly in Yin, using Miao Zhuan calligraphy; The shape of the seal surface was square, with a side length of about 1.4-2cm; The characters on the seal surface were engraved with Yin characters; The shapes of the seal buttons were various, including the shape of the bucket, the bridge button, the dragon tiger button, etc. The jade seal was mostly made of mound; The overall style was dignified and magnoliac, well-proportioned and square, exquisite in design, calm in bearing, without the feeling of imitation by later generations. The style of the jade seal of the Han Dynasty was quiet and elegant, graceful and luxurious, with natural twists and turns. The size of the jade seal in the Han Dynasty corresponded to the official's position and rank.
Jade Mat of Han Dynasty
I'm not sure what you mean by "jade cushion of the Han Dynasty". If you're referring to the jade that was used to lay on the chest and back of the deceased during funerals in the Han Dynasty (this kind of jade could be regarded as a kind of jade bedding for funerals), in the Han Dynasty, the chest and back of the deceased who were buried with jade clothes were often laid with many jade pieces, which were part of the jade used for funerals. If you mean something else, please provide more information so that you can give an accurate answer. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>